El i-sunfish, ngokwesayensi eyaziwa ngokuthi Mola molaI-Ocean sunfish igqama phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zasolwandle ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okungenakungatshazwa, ubukhulu bayo obukhulu kanye nemikhuba yayo efuna ukwazi. Njengoba sibhekwa njengenhlanzi enamathambo esinda kunazo zonke emhlabeni, lesi sakhamuzi samanzi apholile nasendaweni eshisayo siye sahlaba umxhwele ososayensi, abatshuzi, nabathandi bokuzilibazisa amakhulu eminyaka. Kulesi sihloko, uzothola konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana ne-ocean sunfish: i-morphology yayo ehlukile, indawo yokuhlala, ukuziphatha, ukukhiqiza, amaqiniso athakazelisayo, izinsongo, nolwazi olubalulekile ukuze uqonde impilo nokubaluleka kwayo ku-ecosystem yasolwandle.
Izici kanye nencazelo ye-sunfish (Mola mola)
El i-sunfish Ihlukaniswa ngomzimba wayo oyisicaba, ocishe umise okweqanda noma oyindilinga kanye nephrofayili ekhumbuza ikhanda elikhulu elingenawo umsila. Ububanzi bayo bungalingana noma budlule ubude bayo lapho kunwetshwa amaphiko omhlane nowangemuva, okuwunikeza ukubukeka okuyingqayizivele ngempela phakathi kwezinhlanzi. Le-colossus yasolwandle ingafinyelela kufika ku-3,3 amamitha ubude futhi unqobe 2.300 amakhilogremu, nakuba isilinganiso ngokuvamile siphakathi kuka-1.000 no-2.000 kg.
Isikhumba se-sunfish singesinye sezici zayo ezihlukile. Ayinazo izikali zendabuko futhi, esikhundleni salokho, inobuso obushelelezi. obukhulu, obumangelengele futhi obunamafinyila kakhulu, engafinyelela ngaphezu 7 cm ubukhulu ikakhulukazi endaweni ye-ventral. Umbala uyahluka phakathi brown, silver grey nomhlophe, enesisu esilula ngokuvamile esihlotshiswe ngamachashaza angavamile asebenza njengokufihlakala. Ukwakheka komzimba wayo ikakhulukazi kusekelwe uqwanga, okuthi, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi ezinamathambo, iwunikeze umzimba okhanyayo futhi uyivumele ukuba ifinyelele ubukhulu obunjalo obumangalisayo.
Esinye isici esingenakuphikwa wukuhleleka kwamaphiko ayo. amaphiko omhlane kanye nangemuva made futhi acijile, ifinyelela ubukhulu bezinhlanzi ngokuphindwe kabili. i-caudal fin Yehliswa ibe yisakhiwo esiqinile, esiyindilinga esibizwa ngokuthi i-clavus, i-fan-like, ethatha indawo yokusebenza komsila futhi isebenza njengephini lokuqondisa. amaphiko e-pectoral Mancane, ayindilinga, futhi atholakala eduze kwekhanda. Imilomo yazo mincane, mincane, futhi ifakwe amazinyo ahlanganiswe esakhiweni esinjengoqhwaku, okuzivumela ukuba zihlukanise i-jellyfish nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezithambile.
El Mola mola Kungokwe-oda le-Tetraodontiformes, iqembu elihlanganisa ne-pufferfish, porcupinefish, ne-filefish, ukwabelana ngezici ezifana namazinyo ahlanganisiwe. Umgogodla wayo mfishane ngendlela emangalisayo uma iqhathaniswa nomzimba wayo, inamathambo omgogodla ambalwa kakhulu, futhi ayinaso esinyeni sokubhukuda, okuthonya indlela yayo yokubhukuda engavamile. Ingqondo yayo incane uma iqhathaniswa nobukhulu bomzimba wayo, incane ngisho kuneyodwa yezinso zayo.
Mayelana ne-dimorphism yocansi, akukho mehluko obalulekile wangaphandle phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane obungabavumela ukuthi bahlukaniswe ngeso lenyama.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo kanye nendawo yokuhlala ye-sunfish
El i-sunfish kuwumusa cosmopolitan Kusatshalaliswe kabanzi. Itholakala emanzini amanzi ashisayo napholile azo zonke izilwandle nezilwandle zomhlaba, etholakala kakhulu oLwandle i-Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, kanye neMedithera. Ukwehluka kwezakhi zofuzo kuye kwabhalwa phakathi kwenani labantu ezilwandle ezihlukene, kodwa lo mehluko awukuvimbeli ukuthi lihlukaniswe njengezinhlobo zomhlaba wonke.
Ivamise ukuphila amanzi avulekile, izindawo ze-pelagic namakholomu amanzi ukusuka phezulu kuya ekujuleni kwamamitha angu-600. Nakuba zivame ukuzihlanganisa nendawo, ikakhulukazi ukuze zilawule izinga lokushisa kwazo futhi zizihlanze ezinambuzaneni, zichitha ingxenye enkulu yempilo yazo ezindaweni ze-epipelagic kanye ne-mesopelagic, ikakhulukazi zifuna ukudla. Zivame ukutholakala eduze kwezixhobo zamakhorali, i-kelp bed, namahlathi e-kelp, lapho ngokuvamile zithola khona usizo. de peces abahlanzi.
Ngokuvamile bakhangwa amanzi anamazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-10 ºCUkuchayeka isikhathi eside emanzini abandayo kungaba yingozi ezilwaneni. Ukuba khona kwazo ngaphandle kwendawo yazo evamile, njengasemanzini asenyakatho yeYurophu, kuhlobene nokukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa olwandle nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ukuziphatha, imikhuba kanye nokudla kwe-sunfish
Ukuziphatha kwe-sunfish olwandle kungavamile njenge-physiognomy yayo. Kuyabhekwa uwedwa futhi ubhukuda kancane, nakuba ikwazi ukusheshisa ngendlela emangalisayo ngenxa yobukhulu namandla ezimpiko zayo zomhlane nezandunu. Ivamise ukubhukuda ngokuzolile, inyakaza ngokunyakazisa womabili amaphiko ukusuka kolunye kuya kolunye ngokunyakaza okufana nokugwedla, kunokubhakuzisa okungokwesiko kwezinye izinhlanzi.
Enye yezindlela zokuziphatha ezigqama kakhulu ukuthambekela kwayo ukushiswa yilanga ebusweni. Ngemva kokutshuza ekujuleni okukhulu ukuze izondle, iyakhuphuka futhi ilale ngohlangothi, iveze ingxenye enkulu yomzimba wayo elangeni ngangokunokwenzeka. Lo mkhuba uyasiza lawula ukushisa komzimba wakho futhi kube lula ukuqedwa kwama-parasite ngenxa yesenzo sezinyoni zasolwandle nezinhlanzi. Bake babonwa ngisho begxuma bephuma emanzini beba ngamamitha amathathu ukuze bakhiphe izimuncagazi ezinamathele.
I-sunfish ngokuvamile ayinangozi futhi ayesabi kakhulu kubantu. Abatshuzi kanye namatilosi babika ukuhlangana okuthakazelisayo lapho abantu balolu hlobo lwezilwane bebonisa ilukuluku nokuzithoba okuthile, baze basondele. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobukhulu nesisindo sayo, ingabangela ukulimala okungahlosiwe emikhunjini uma idlula indlela yayo.
Ukudla kwabo kusekelwe ikakhulukazi gelatinous zooplankton njenge-jellyfish, i-ctenophores nama-salps, nakuba iphinde idle ama-crustaceans, ama-cephalopods, izibungu de peces, izinhlanzi ezincane kanye nolwelwe. Ukudla kwabo kwaziwa ngokuntula izakhamzimba, okuphoqa ukuthi badle ukudla okuningi nsuku zonke. I-Mola mola inamandla okukhafula nokumunca amanzi ngomlomo wayo omncane ukuklebhula inyamazane ethambile, kuyilapho amazinyo e-pharyngeal Emphinjeni bahlephula ukudla ngaphambi kokuba kugaywe.
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ijwayele ukufudukela ezindaweni ezipholile ukuze isebenzise inkathi ethile yobuningi be-jellyfish ne-zooplankton, nakuba ingathathi ukufuduka okukhulu kolwandle njengezinye izinhlobo ze-pelagic.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha, umjikelezo wempilo kanye nentuthuko
I-Sunfish gazinga
I-sunfish i-oviparous futhi ibonakala ngokuba yi- Izilwane ezinomgogodla ezivundile kakhulu ezaziwayo okwamanje. Owesifazane oyedwa angakhulula kuze kube 300 million amaqanda enkathini ngayinye yokuzala, ebeka umlando embusweni wezilwane. Amaqanda, anobubanzi obungu-0,13-0,2 mm kuphela, avundiswa emanzini futhi, ngemva kokuchanyuselwa, isilinganiso esincane kuphela. 2,5 mm, abanalo uhlobo oluvamile lwabantu abadala futhi banemigogodla namaphiko e-caudal, afana nezinhlanzi eziningi ze-puffer.
Ngesikhathi sokuqala, ama-fry ngokuvamile ahlangana ezikoleni ukuze azivikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Njengoba zikhula, zilahlekelwa umgogodla futhi zibe abantu abazimele. I-Ocean sunfish ikhula ngendlela emangalisayo: ingakhula ngisho nangosayizi. kufika izikhathi eziyizigidi ezingu-60 kusukela ekuzalweni kuya ebudaleni. Leli zinga lokukhula elinamandla lisekelwa izifundo zezibonelo ezithunjiwe, lapho izinzuzo ezingafika ku-1,5 kilograms ngosuku zirekhodwe entsheni.
Ayikho idatha enembile yokuphila kwabo isikhathi eside endle, nakuba ekuthunjweni bangafinyelela kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10 yokuphila ngenxa yokungabikho kwezilwane ezidla ezinye kanye nokutholakala njalo kokudla nokunakekelwa kwezilwane.
Izinsongo kanye nokongiwa kwe-sunfish yasolwandle
Ubukhulu obukhulu be-sunfish yasolwandle kanye nesikhumba esiqinile sisebenza njengesivikelo semvelo esisebenzayo ezilwaneni ezingase zizingela. Nokho, amabhubesi olwandle, oshaka, i-orcas ne-tuna Bangahlasela abantu abadala noma izingane. Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-bluefin tuna, zidla ikakhulukazi izingane. Izisulu ezingabantu ziye zaba usongo olukhulu, ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile, emashumini eminyaka amuva nje.
El i-sunfish umfanekiso njengoba izinhlobo ezisengozini ohlwini olubomvu lwe-IUCNIngozi enkulu yi- ukuthwebula ngephutha kuma-trawl kanye nolayini abade, lapho kungaba ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-70 ezinhlanzi ezidotshwa kungaqondiwe kwezinye izindawo zokudoba. Iphinde izingelwa ngamabomu ezindaweni lapho inyama yayo, izitho zayo kanye nezimpiko zayo kubhekwa njengento ewujuqu, ikakhulukazi Japan, Korea naseTaiwanE-European Union, ukumaketha nokubamba ngamabomu akuvunyelwe ukuvikela izinhlobo zezilwane.
La Ukungcoliswa kolwandle Kuyinkinga ekhulayo: imfucumfucu yepulasitiki entantayo, efana ne-jellyfish, ingene ngephutha i-sunfish yasolwandle futhi ingabangela ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu nokufa. Ngaphezu kwalokhu ukulimala kwezikebhe nokulimala okubangelwa ukucwiywa kwamaphiko ngabadobi. Isexwayiso sebhishi se-spiderfish, ingozi efihliwe ngaphansi kwesihlabathi.
Njengamanje, azikho izinhlelo eziqondile zokongiwa kwembulunga yonke zalolu hlobo lwezilwane, nakuba amanye amazwe esebenzise imithetho nezinyathelo zokunciphisa ukubanjwa ngephutha nokukhuthaza ukukhululwa kwalezi zinhlanzi ngokuphephile. Ukuqwashisa ngokubaluleka kwemvelo kwe-ocean sunfish kuyinselele eqhubekayo yokuqinisekisa ukuphila kwayo.
I-Curiosities, amagama kanye nesiko elidumile le-sunfish
- Igama elivamile nelesayensi: NgeSpanishi yaziwa ngokuthi i-sunfish, ngenxa yesimo sayo esiyindilinga nokubonakala kombala wayo olwandle, kuyilapho ngesiNgisi ibizwa ngokuthi ocean sunfish (i-sunfish) ngokuthanda kwayo ukushisa ilanga. Igama layo lesayensi Mola mola Livela kuLatini futhi lisho "itshe lokugaya" ngenxa yokuthungwa nokuma kwalo.
- Amanye amagama: Inamagama ahlukahlukene aphesheya, okuhlanganisa okuthi "maanvis" ngesi-Dutch, "peixe lua" ngesi-Portuguese, "poisson lune" ngesi-French, "Mondfisch" ngesiJalimane, "samogłów" ngesi-Polish, kanye "ne-mambo fish" e-Taiwan. Kwezinye izifunda zaseSpain, yaziwa ngokuthi "mula" noma "abarrotón."
- Umbala onamandla: I-sunfish ingakwazi shintsha umbala ukusuka ekukhanyeni kuye kumnyama ngemizuzwana ngokuphendula ingcindezi noma ukuhlaselwa.
- I-Parasitism: Ingenye yezinhlanzi ezinomthwalo ophezulu we-parasitic oqoshiwe, ofinyelela phezulu Izinhlobo ezingama-60 zama-parasites kokubili esikhumbeni nasezithweni zangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke ukuziphatha kwabo ekususeni ama-parasite ebusweni noma ngokuphendukela ekuhlanzeni izinhlanzi nezinyoni.
- Ukuxhumana nabantu: Kuthathwa njengokuthambile futhi kuphephile kubatshuzi. Nakuba ubukhulu bawo bungase buhlabe umxhwele, abubeki ingozi eqondile kubantu. Nokho, kungase kubangele izingozi uma isifanekiso sigxuma noma sishayisana nezikebhe.
- Ukuthunjwa: Ukugcina izinhlanzi zasolwandle emanzini kuyinselele enkulu kakhulu: zidinga amathangi amakhulu, ukuphakelwa okukhethekile, futhi kufanele zigweme ukulimala ngokushaya izindonga zamathangi ngenxa yokunyakaza kwazo okuxakile.
- Ikhono lokugxuma: Kunamarekhodi ezibonelo ezigxuma amamitha amathathu ukusuka emanzini ukuze zizikhulule ezinambuzaneni.
- Izinkomba zomlando: Umsebenzi kaCristóbal Medina Conde wekhulu le-18 kakade wawuyichaza ngokunembile i-sunfish ogwini lwaseSpain.
El i-sunfish Iyigugu lebhayoloji lasolwandle, ubukhona balo obubalulekile kuzinto eziphilayo zasolwandle ngokulawula inqwaba ye-jellyfish nezinye izinto eziphilayo ze-gelatinous, kodwa ezihlala zizungezwe izimfihlakalo nezinto ezithokozisayo ezisazodalulwa.
Ngokubukeka okumangalisayo kanye nemikhuba yokuphila engavamile, i Mola mola Ihlanganisa ukuhlukahluka nobunkimbinkimbi bomhlaba wasolwandle. Ukusinda kwayo kuncike kakhulu ekongiweni kolwandle njengasolwazini nasekuhlonipheni lezi zidalwa eziyingqayizivele. Ukuthola nokufunda i-sunfish olwandle kusivumela ukuthi siqonde kangcono ibhalansi ethambile yolwandle nokubaluleka kokuvikela ukuhlukahluka kwazo kwemvelo ezinsongweni ezikhulayo.
