El I-OtocinclusIsicoci sengilazi, esivame ukwaziwa ngokuthi isicoci samafasitela, singenye yezinhlanzi ezihlonishwa kakhulu abathandi bokuzijabulisa base-aquarium ngenxa yamakhono aso amahle kakhulu okudla ulwelwe kanye nokuzola. Indabuko yaseNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi izifunda ezifana neningizimu-mpumalanga yeBrazil, ihlathi lemvula laseMato Grosso, nemifula eColombia, le catfish encane ingeyomndeni wakwaLoricariidae futhi ayigqami nje kuphela ngekhono layo lokuhlanza ingilazi ye-aquarium, kodwa futhi ngokuziphatha kwayo ngobungane nokuzivumelanisa kalula nezimo ezitshalwe kahle ezindaweni zasemanzini zomphakathi.
Indawo yokuhlala Yemvelo kanye Nokusabalalisa Kwendawo
Kuvamile ukuthola izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezine-morphology efana kakhulu, okuvame ukuholela ekudidekeni phakathi kwabathanda ukuzilibazisa. Ngokwesibonelo, O. vittatus y O. affinis Zihlukaniswa ngokucacile kuphela ngendawo yazo yokusabalalisa. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ethandwa kakhulu futhi O. ikhoma (Idube i-Otocinclus), elaziwa ngemithende yalo ehlabayo eqondile.
Izici Zomzimba kanye ne-Morphology
Umzimba we-Otocinclus side, encane futhi isicaba kancane esiswini. Abantu abadala bakala phakathi kuka-3 no-5 cm kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni, kanti isisindo sabo akuvamile ukuba seqe amagremu angu-0,3. Ikhanda lino a ukumunca umlomo wenkomishi, ilungele ukunamathela engilazini, izitshalo, kanye nemihlobiso ngenkathi idla. Le morphology iyivumela ukuthi ikwazi ukuphila emanzini ahamba ngokushesha, ibambelele ngokuqinile endaweni ukuze igweme ukukhukhulwa umsinga.
Umbala ojwayelekile uqukethe amathoni ansundu, ampunga, noma asagolide ngemuva, anebhande elingemuva elimnyama eligijima lisuka ekhaleni, lidlule iso, futhi ligcine esizindeni se-caudal fin. Isisu silula, ngokuvamile simhlophe noma siphuzi. I-pectoral, i-ventral, ne-dorsal fins isobala noma i-translucent, ihlinzeka ngokufihlakala nokuvikeleka okwengeziwe endaweni ezizungezile.
Ukujwayela okufanelekile kwe-Otocinclus ethile kungokwabo ikhono elilinganiselwe lokuphefumula umoya ngqo kusuka ebusweni ezimweni ze-hypoxia. Lokhu kuzinikeza inzuzo ezindaweni lapho umoya-mpilo ungashintshashintsha khona.
Ukwehluka kwezocansi (Dimorphism)
Umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane e-Otocinclus kuncane kakhulu okusobalaEzinsikazi ngokuvamile ziba zikhudlwana futhi ziba banzi, ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi naphakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa. Abesilisa bavame ukuba bazacile kakhulu, kodwa lo mehluko ubonakala kuphela lapho uqhathanisa izibonelo ezimbalwa zabantu abadala. Akukho ukuhluka okuphawulekayo kombala we-fin noma umumo phakathi kobulili.
Ukuziphatha kanye Nokuhambisana ku-Aquarium
I-Otocinclus yaziwa ngayo imvelo enokuthula nenamahloniAyivamisile ukwethula izinkinga zokuziphatha, ikwenze kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu ezindaweni zasemanzini zomphakathi. Kuyinhlanzi ehlangene ngokwemvelo, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuyigcina ezikoleni okungenani abantu abangu-5-6. Ukuhlala eqenjini kunciphisa ukucindezeleka futhi kuthuthukisa ukuziphatha kwemvelo., njengokwelusa ndawonye ngokuhlobisa nangengilazi.
Mayelana nokuhambisana, i-Otocinclus ingahlalisana kahle nezinhlobo ezincane, ezinokuthula njenge-tetras, i-cardinalfish, i-corydoras, ama-danios, ama-mollies, ama-guppies, ama-rasbora, noma izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezifana neminenke nezimfanzi. Kubalulekile ukugwema izinhlanzi ezinkulu, zendawo, noma ezinolaka, njengama-cichlid amakhulu, njengoba zingazidla noma zidale ingcindezi eyeqile.
Emini, ngokuvamile zihlala zinamathele endaweni yamaqabunga nengilazi, ziphumule noma zondla. Zisebenza kakhulu lapho kuhwalala noma ngezikhathi zokukhanya okuphansi, lapho zihamba zifuna ukudla futhi zisesha yonke i-aquarium ngokuhlelekile.
Izidingo Zokudla Nezokudla Okunempilo
I-Otocinclus ngokuyinhloko i-herbivore kanye ne-biofilm umthengiEmvelweni, ukudla kwabo kuhlanganisa cishe ngokuphelele ulwelwe oluthambile, ama-diatom, i-biofilm, ama-microorganisms amancane, kanye nemfucumfucu yezitshalo abayikhipha ezingodweni, amatshe nasezitshalweni. Lobu buchwepheshe bubenza babambisene abaphumelelayo bokulawula ukukhula kolwelwe ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini.
Kodwa-ke, ku-aquarium yasekhaya, ngokuvamile abukho ulwelwe olwanele ukusekela izibonelo ze-Otocinclus, ikakhulukazi emanzini amasha noma ahlanzeke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile engeza ekudleni kwakho njalo nge:
- Ama-wafers olwandle noma amaphilisi emifino ezinhlanzi ezihlala phansi
- Imifino emisha e-blanched njenge-zucchini, ikhukhamba, isipinashi, noma ulethisi waseRoma
- Ama-wafers e-Spirulina ikhwalithi ephezulu
- Ezimweni ezithile, uphizi ohlutshiwe futhi ochotshoziwe, noma izingxenye ezincane zokudla okuyimpuphu ukuze gazinga
Kunconywa ukususa noma yikuphi ukudla kwezitshalo okusele ngemva kwamahora angu-24-48 ukugwema ukungcoliswa kwamanzi. Ukondla okungeziwe kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi eziningana ngeviki, kulungiswa imvamisa ngokwenani lolwelwe olukhona ku-aquarium nobukhulu beqembu le-Otocinclus. Isisu esiyindilinga siwuphawu lokudla okunempilo.
Amanye ama-Otocinclus asanda kutholwa ayaphuza ukubona ukudla okuthengiswayo, ikakhulukazi okubanjwe endle; ukubekezela nokuhlukahluka kuyisihluthulelo sokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Izimo ze-Aquarium: Amapharamitha, Ukusethwa kanye Nokugcinwa
Ukuqinisekisa inhlalakahle ye-Otocinclus kubalulekile dala kabusha indawo efana nendawo yayo yemveloIzici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe yilezi:
- Ivolumu encane: Amalitha angama-40-60 eqenjini lezibonelo ezingu-5-6, nakuba indawo enkulu isiza ukugcinwa kwamakoloni amakhulu.
- Ukuminyana kwezitshalo: Kubalulekile ukuba nezitshalo zemvelo eziningi (i-Anubias, i-Echinodorus, i-Cryptocoryne, ubulembu), obunikeza indawo yokukhosela, izindawo zokukhula kwe-biofilm nezindawo zokuphumula.
- Isendlalelo: Isihlabathi esihle noma amatshe athambile; gwema ama-substrates amabi angalimaza isisu nomlomo.
- Umhlobiso: Izingodo ezibushelelezi, izimpande, namatshe kunikeza izindawo zokucasha futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula kolwelwe, ama-tannin, nama-microorganisms.
- Hlunga: Inamandla futhi ithuthuke kahle, enezinga lokugeleza elivuselela ivolumu ye-aquarium cishe izikhathi ezintathu ngehora, iqinisekisa ukutholakala komoyampilo kanye namandla ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ingcindezi eyeqile.
- Ithempelesha: Phakathi kuka-22 no-26°C, ngaphandle kokudlula ku-27°C.
- i-pH: Ine-acidic kancane ukuya kokumaphakathi, phakathi kuka-6.0 no-7.5.
- Ubulukhuni: Phakathi kuka-5 no-15 dGH.
- I-Nitrate: Ngaphansi kuka-50 mg/L.
Amanzi kufanele ahlale ehlanzekile futhi egcwele umoya-mpilo; I-Otocinclus iyazwela ekushintsheni okungazelelwe kwamapharamitha kanye nokunqwabelana kokungcola okufana nama-nitrites ne-ammonia. Ngakho-ke, ukwethulwa kwayo kuma-aquariums amancane kakhulu noma angazinzile akunconywa. Yenza izinguquko ezivamile zamanzi phakathi kuka-20 no-30% njalo emasontweni amabili ukuze ulondoloze impilo yonke ye-ecosystem.
Izimo ezingezinhle zingaholela ezinkingeni zempilo kanye nokufa kungazelelwe ngemva kokwethulwa, isigaba esibucayi ekujwayeleni i-Otocinclus ku-aquarium yasekhaya.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha kanye Nokuzalanisa e-Aquarium
La ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Otocinclus Ku-aquarium yasekhaya, le nselele ingafezeka kuphela uma uneqembu elivuthiwe, elinempilo elinezimo ezifanelekile zamanzi kanye nokudla okuhlukahlukene. Ukuzala ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho imvelo nokudla kulungile, nakuba kungase kukhuthazwe ukwehla kancane kwezinga lokushisa elingisa inkathi yemvula.
Ukuqomisana ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa owesilisa oyedwa noma abaningi abajaha owesifazane aze amukele, okwamukela "isikhundla sika-T" esijwayelekile sama-Loricariids. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda anamathelayo ngamanani amancane (20 kuya ku-75 kuye ngobukhulu nezinhlobo) emaqabunga, engilazini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi esisefweni. Abazali abanikezi ukunakekelwa kwabazali ngamaqanda futhi bangase bawadle uma ehlala ku-aquarium evamile.
Amaqanda achanyuselwa ezinsukwini ezi-2-4, kuye ngezinga lokushisa. I-Fry iqala ukumunca isaka le-yolk, bese kufanele idliwe i-infusoria, i-microplankton, futhi, kancane kancane, izimfanzi ezisanda kuchanyuselwa i-brine nauplii, ama-microworms, nemifino egayiwe kahle. Ithangi lokukhulisa elivuthiwe eline-biofilm ezindongeni libalulekile ukuze baphile.
I-half-life ye-Otocinclus ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele I-3 eminyakeni engu-5, nakuba kunemibiko yezibonelo eziphila isikhathi eside kunalokhu. Intengo ngesampula ngayinye icishe ibe ngu-€2-4, kuye ngohlobo nosayizi.
Ukunakekelwa Okuyinhloko, Ukuvimbela Izifo kanye Namathiphu Awusizo
- Gwema ukudla ngokweqile futhi ususe izinsalela zokudla yemifino ngaphambi kokubola.
- Ungahlanganisi i-Otocinclus nezinhlobo ezinolaka Ungangenisi lezi zinhlanzi ezindaweni ezisanda kumiswa noma ezingazinzile.
- Gada njalo isimo sakho sempilo: Isisu esishonile, ukungasebenzi, noma ukuphefumula ngokushesha kungase kube izimpawu zokugula noma ukuntuleka kokudla.
- I-Otocinclus ingangenwa ama-parasites kanye nesikhunta, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokujwayela. Qinisekisa ukuvalelwa ngendlela efanele futhi uqaphe njalo imingcele yamanzi.
I-Otocinclus ayiyona nje into esebenzayo yokuhlanza ulwelwe, kodwa futhi iyinhlanzi ehehayo ngenxa yokuziphatha kwayo ngokuhlanganyela kanye nekhono lokuhlalisana ngokuthula emphakathini nasezindaweni zasemanzini ezitshaliwe. Ukunakekelwa okufanele, ukudla okuphelele, kanye nokukhetha okulungile kwabalingani bamathangi kuyisihluthulelo sokujabulela ukuba khona nokubonwa kwalaba "onjiniyela" abancane.
Lapho i-Otocinclus izivumelanisa ngokuphelele futhi iphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, i-aquarium yakho ngeke ibukeke ihlanzekile futhi inempilo kuphela, kodwa igcwele ukuphila nokuvumelana kwemvelo ngenxa yomsebenzi ohlakaniphile kodwa ongakhathali wale catfish yaseNingizimu Melika engavamile.
