I- Otocinclus , eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-glass pleco, ingenye yezinhlanzi ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi be-aquarium ngenxa yamakhono ayo amahle okudla ulwelwe kanye nemvelo enokuthula. Njengoba idabuka eNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi izifunda ezifana ne-mpumalanga yeBrazil, ihlathi lemvula laseMato Grosso, kanye nemifula eColombia, le nhlanzi encane yekati ingowomndeni wakwaLoricariidae futhi ayiphawuleki nje kuphela ngekhono layo lokuhlanza ingilazi ye-aquarium kodwa futhi nokuziphatha kwayo okuhle kanye nokulula ukuzivumelanisa nezindawo zokuhlala zomphakathi ezitshalwe kahle.
Indawo yokuhlala Yemvelo kanye Nokusabalalisa Kwendawo
Kuvamile ukuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene ezinesimo esifanayo kakhulu, okuvame ukuholela ekudidekeni phakathi kwabathandi. Isibonelo, i-O. vittatus kanye ne-O. affinis zihlukaniswa ngokusobala kuphela ngendawo yazo yokusatshalaliswa. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu kukhona ne-O. cocama (Otocinclus zebra), eyaziwa ngemivimbo yayo eqondile ekhangayo.
Izici Zomzimba kanye ne-Morphology
Umzimba we-otocinclus mude, mncane, futhi uyisicaba kancane esiswini . Ama-otocinclus akhula abe ngu-3 kuya ku-5 cm kuye ngohlobo lwawo, kanti isisindo sawo asivamile ukwedlula amagremu angu-0,3. Ikhanda linomlomo ofana nowomunca , ofanele ukunamathela engilazini, ezitshalweni, kanye nasezihlotsheni ngenkathi edla. Lokhu kwakheka kwesimo kuyivumela ukuthi iphile emanzini ageleza ngokushesha, ibambelele ngokuqinile ezindaweni ukuze igweme ukukhukhulwa umsinga.
Umbala ojwayelekile uqukethe amathoni ansundu, ampunga, noma asagolide ngemuva, anebhande elingemuva elimnyama eligijima lisuka ekhaleni, lidlule iso, futhi ligcine esizindeni se-caudal fin. Isisu silula, ngokuvamile simhlophe noma siphuzi. I-pectoral, i-ventral, ne-dorsal fins isobala noma i-translucent, ihlinzeka ngokufihlakala nokuvikeleka okwengeziwe endaweni ezizungezile.
Ukuguqulwa okubalulekile kwezinye i-Otocinclus ikhono lazo elilinganiselwe lokuphefumula umoya ngqo kusuka phezulu uma zinomoya ophansi. Lokhu kuzinika ithuba ezindaweni zokuhlala lapho amazinga omoya-mpilo engashintshashintsha khona.
Ukwehluka kwezocansi (Dimorphism)
Umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ku-Otocinclus uncane kakhulu . Ngokuvamile, abesifazane bakhulu kancane futhi babanzi, ikakhulukazi endaweni engezansi kanye nangesikhathi sokuzala. Abesilisa bavame ukuba bancane kakhulu, kodwa lo mehluko ubonakala kuphela uma kuqhathaniswa izinhlobo eziningana zabantu abadala. Akukho mehluko obalulekile embaleni noma ngesimo sephiko phakathi kobulili.
Ukuziphatha kanye Nokuhambisana ku-Aquarium
I-Otocinclus yaziwa ngokuthula kwayo namahloni . Ayivezi izinkinga zokuziphatha, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kwezindawo zokudoba zasemanzini zomphakathi. Iyinhlanzi evame ukufundiswa, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuyigcina ezikoleni zabantu okungenani abangu-5-6. Ukuhlala eqenjini kunciphisa ukucindezeleka futhi kuthuthukisa ukuziphatha kwemvelo , njengokuhlangana ndawonye emihlobiso nasengilazini.
Mayelana nokuhambisana, i-Otocinclus ingahlalisana kahle nezinhlobo ezincane, ezinokuthula njenge-tetras, i-cardinalfish, i-corydoras, ama-danios, ama-mollies, ama-guppies, ama-rasbora, noma izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezifana neminenke nezimfanzi. Kubalulekile ukugwema izinhlanzi ezinkulu, zendawo, noma ezinolaka, njengama-cichlid amakhulu, njengoba zingazidla noma zidale ingcindezi eyeqile.
Emini, ngokuvamile zihlala zinamathele endaweni yamaqabunga nengilazi, ziphumule noma zondla. Zisebenza kakhulu lapho kuhwalala noma ngezikhathi zokukhanya okuphansi, lapho zihamba zifuna ukudla futhi zisesha yonke i-aquarium ngokuhlelekile.
Izidingo Zokudla Nezokudla Okunempilo
I-Otocinclus catfish ngokuyinhloko idla uhlaza futhi idla i-biofilm . Endle, ukudla kwayo kuqukethe cishe ulwelwe oluthambile, ama-diatoms, i-biofilm, ama-microorganisms amancane, kanye nemfucumfucu yezitshalo ekhipha ezingodweni ezikhukhulekayo, amatshe, kanye nezitshalo. Lokhu kukhethekile kuyenza ibe ngabalingani abaphumelelayo ekulawuleni ukukhula kolwelwe ezindaweni zasemanzini.
Kodwa-ke, e-aquarium yasekhaya, ngokuvamile awekho ama-algae anele ukusekela izinhlanzi eziningana ze-Otocinclus catfish, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezintsha noma ezihlanzekile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwengeza ekudleni kwazo njalo ngalezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- Ama-wafers olwandle noma amaphilisi emifino ezinhlanzi ezihlala phansi
- Imifino emisha e-blanched njenge-zucchini, ikhukhamba, isipinashi, noma ulethisi waseRoma
- Ama-wafers e-Spirulina ikhwalithi ephezulu
- Ezimweni ezithile, uphizi ohlutshiwe futhi ochotshoziwe, noma izingxenye ezincane zokudla okuyimpuphu ukuze gazinga
Kunconywa ukususa noma yikuphi ukudla kwezitshalo okusele ngemva kwamahora angu-24-48 ukugwema ukungcoliswa kwamanzi. Ukondla okungeziwe kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi eziningana ngeviki, kulungiswa imvamisa ngokwenani lolwelwe olukhona ku-aquarium nobukhulu beqembu le-Otocinclus. Isisu esiyindilinga siwuphawu lokudla okunempilo.
Amanye ama-Otocinclus asanda kutholwa ayaphuza ukubona ukudla okuthengiswayo, ikakhulukazi okubanjwe endle; ukubekezela nokuhlukahluka kuyisihluthulelo sokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Izimo ze-Aquarium: Amapharamitha, Ukusethwa kanye Nokugcinwa
Ukuqinisekisa inhlalakahle ye-Otocinclus, kubalulekile ukuphinda wakhe indawo efana nendawo yayo yemvelo . Izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele yilezi:
- Ivolumu encane: Amalitha angama-40-60 eqenjini lezibonelo ezingu-5-6, nakuba indawo enkulu isiza ukugcinwa kwamakoloni amakhulu.
- Ukuminyana kwezitshalo: Kubalulekile ukuba nezitshalo zemvelo eziningi (i-Anubias, i-Echinodorus, i-Cryptocoryne, ubulembu), obunikeza indawo yokukhosela, izindawo zokukhula kwe-biofilm nezindawo zokuphumula.
- Isendlalelo: Isihlabathi esihle noma amatshe athambile; gwema ama-substrates amabi angalimaza isisu nomlomo.
- Umhlobiso: Izingodo ezibushelelezi, izimpande, namatshe kunikeza izindawo zokucasha futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula kolwelwe, ama-tannin, nama-microorganisms.
- Hlunga: Inamandla futhi ithuthuke kahle, enezinga lokugeleza elivuselela ivolumu ye-aquarium cishe izikhathi ezintathu ngehora, iqinisekisa ukutholakala komoyampilo kanye namandla ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ingcindezi eyeqile.
- Ithempelesha: Phakathi kuka-22 no-26°C, ngaphandle kokudlula ku-27°C.
- i-pH: Ine-acidic kancane ukuya kokumaphakathi, phakathi kuka-6.0 no-7.5.
- Ubulukhuni: Phakathi kuka-5 no-15 dGH.
- I-Nitrate: Ngaphansi kuka-50 mg/L.
Amanzi kufanele ahlale ehlanzekile futhi enomoya-mpilo omuhle; Ama-catfish e-Otocinclus ayazwela ekushintsheni okungazelelwe kwemingcele yamanzi kanye nokuqongelela kwezinto ezingcolisayo njenge-nitrites ne-ammonia. Ngakho-ke, ukuwafaka emanzini asemanzini amancane kakhulu noma angazinzile akukhuthazwa. Yenza izinguquko zamanzi ezivamile ezingaphelele ezingama-20-30% njalo emavikini amabili ukuze ulondoloze impilo yonke ye-ecosystem.
Izimo ezingezinhle zingaholela ezinkingeni zempilo kanye nokufa kungazelelwe ngemva kokwethulwa, isigaba esibucayi ekujwayeleni i-Otocinclus ku-aquarium yasekhaya.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha kanye Nokuzalanisa e-Aquarium
Ukuzalela i-Otocinclus e-aquarium yasekhaya kuyinselele engafinyeleleka kuphela ngeqembu elivuthiwe nelinempilo, izimo zamanzi ezingcono kakhulu, kanye nokudla okuhlukahlukene. Ukuzalela kuvame ukwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo lapho indawo nokudla kulungile, yize kungakhuthazwa ukwehla okuncane kwezinga lokushisa ukuze kulingise inkathi yemvula.
Ukuqomisana ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa owesilisa oyedwa noma abaningi abajaha owesifazane aze amukele, okwamukela "isikhundla sika-T" esijwayelekile sama-Loricariids. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda anamathelayo ngamanani amancane (20 kuya ku-75 kuye ngobukhulu nezinhlobo) emaqabunga, engilazini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi esisefweni. Abazali abanikezi ukunakekelwa kwabazali ngamaqanda futhi bangase bawadle uma ehlala ku-aquarium evamile.
Amaqanda achanyuselwa ezinsukwini ezi-2-4, kuye ngezinga lokushisa. I-Fry iqala ukumunca isaka le-yolk, bese kufanele idliwe i-infusoria, i-microplankton, futhi, kancane kancane, izimfanzi ezisanda kuchanyuselwa i-brine nauplii, ama-microworms, nemifino egayiwe kahle. Ithangi lokukhulisa elivuthiwe eline-biofilm ezindongeni libalulekile ukuze baphile.
Isikhathi sokuphila esimaphakathi se-Otocinclus ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle siyiminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5 , yize kunemibiko yokuthi amasampula adlula lesi sikhathi sokuphila. Intengo ngesampula ngayinye isukela ku-€2 kuya ku-€4, kuye ngohlobo kanye nosayizi.
Ukunakekelwa Okuyinhloko, Ukuvimbela Izifo kanye Namathiphu Awusizo
- Gwema ukudla ngokweqile futhi ususe izinsalela zokudla yemifino ngaphambi kokubola.
- Ungahlanganisi i-Otocinclus nezinhlobo ezinolaka Ungangenisi lezi zinhlanzi ezindaweni ezisanda kumiswa noma ezingazinzile.
- Gada njalo isimo sakho sempilo: Isisu esishonile, ukungasebenzi, noma ukuphefumula ngokushesha kungase kube izimpawu zokugula noma ukuntuleka kokudla.
- I-Otocinclus ingangenwa ama-parasites kanye nesikhunta, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokujwayela. Qinisekisa ukuvalelwa ngendlela efanele futhi uqaphe njalo imingcele yamanzi.
I-Otocinclus ayiyona nje into esebenzayo yokuhlanza ulwelwe, kodwa futhi iyinhlanzi ehehayo ngenxa yokuziphatha kwayo ngokuhlanganyela kanye nekhono lokuhlalisana ngokuthula emphakathini nasezindaweni zasemanzini ezitshaliwe. Ukunakekelwa okufanele, ukudla okuphelele, kanye nokukhetha okulungile kwabalingani bamathangi kuyisihluthulelo sokujabulela ukuba khona nokubonwa kwalaba "onjiniyela" abancane.
Lapho i-Otocinclus izivumelanisa ngokuphelele futhi iphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, i-aquarium yakho ngeke ibukeke ihlanzekile futhi inempilo kuphela, kodwa igcwele ukuphila nokuvumelana kwemvelo ngenxa yomsebenzi ohlakaniphile kodwa ongakhathali wale catfish yaseNingizimu Melika engavamile.
