Enye yama-crustaceans athanda ukwazi ukunakwa yi i-mantis lobster. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko kulesi silwane. Kuyi-a i-crustacean lokho kungokuka Ikilasi leMalacostraca futhi kuya oda Stomatopoda. Yaziwa nangamanye amagama ajwayelekile njengamalobster, izimfanzi, izithwalambiza zasolwandle, nama-tamarutacas. Zaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngezici zazo ezizihlukanisayo nezingavamile, njengoba zinegama elifanayo nelesinambuzane esithandazayo. Iphinde ibe ne-a ukuziphatha okunolaka okufanayo okuholele ekutheni inikezwe lelo gama.
Kulesi sihloko uzokwazi wazi konke mayelana nezimfanzi zesithwalambiza. Sizokuchazela ngokuningiliziwe.
Izici eziyinhloko
Kuyinto crustacean ogama lakhe Isuselwa esinambuzaneni esaziwa ngokuthi isithwalambizaOkunye ukufana okuyinhloko enaso nalesi sinambuzane izitho zangaphambili ezinomsebenzi osebenzayo i-raptor, esetshenziselwa ukuzingela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inomthamo omkhulu wamandla ukufihla nemvelo eyizungezile, ngakho ukusinda kwayo kuphezulu kakhulu.
Ungakwazi ukuwazisa ukukhanya kwe-polarized futhi asabele kuso. Phakathi kwezinto eziphawuleka kakhulu amehlo ayo amakhulu angaphandleSiyithola ngosayizi abahlukene, kusukela ku-30 kuya ku-38 amasentimitha. Ngalobo bukhulu nokubukeka okumangazayo, sikhuluma ngesilwane esesatshwa ngempela yilabo abasizungezile.
Ungumnikazi a igobolondo eliphinde limboze ikhanda layo kanye nezingxenye zokuqala eziyi-8 zesifuba sayo. Ngenxa yaleli gobolondo, likwazi ukuzivikela ekulunyweni, ekushayweni nakunoma yiziphi izingozi engase libe nazo. Umbala wayo uhlukile kwezinye izihlobo ezifana ne-king lobster kanye ne-blue lobster ngoba ihlukahluka kakhulu. Siyathola izinhlobo ezahlukene zemibala esukela kobomvu, osawolintshi, oluhlaza okotshani, onsomi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsundu, omhlophe kanye ne-ocher. Yonke le mibala idonsa amehlo.
Naphezu kokuba nemibala egqamile kangaka, inekhono eliphezulu lokuzifihla ngendawo eyizungezile. Izibonelo zesifazane ngokuvamile ubala kunabesilisa. Lena indlela ecacile yokuwahlukanisa. Izimfanzi ezincane zesithwalambiza zingase zibe nemibala ephuzi esikhundleni sohlaza oluvamile. Zonke lezi zici zihlukanisa abantu uma kuziwa ekutadisheni ngokujulile.
Amehlo nombono: ubunjiniyela bezinto eziphilayo
Imfanzi yesithwalambiza inezinye zazo amehlo ayinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe yezilwane. Iso ngalinye elihlanganisiwe lingabandakanya nxazonke 10.000 ommatidia futhi ihlukaniswe ngebhande elimaphakathi elinemigqa eyisithupha ekhethekile. Kule migqa, phinda i-photoreceptor pigments kusukela ku-ultraviolet ukuya kumaza amaza aseduze ne-infrared, namayunithi anikezelwe ukuzwa i-polarization yomugqa neyindilinga yokukhanya. Lesi sakhiwo siyabanika umbono we-trinocular ngeso elilodwa, kusiza ukulinganisa ukujula okunembe kakhulu ukuze kubanjwe inyamazane ehamba ngokushesha.
Amehlo atholakala phakathi ama-peduncle eselula ezingahamba ngokuzimela, ezinobubanzi obujikayo obubanzi, ezivumela ukuthi zihlole indawo ezizungezile ngempumelelo enkulu. Ngenxa yale nhlanganisela yama-receptors, izihlungi, nokuhamba kwamehlo, ziyakwazi ukubona izinto ezicashile izimpawu ezibonakalayo kwabanye abantu (njengamaphethini e-fluorescent), qaphela inyamazane ebonisa ngale noma izilwane ezidla ezinye ezikhanyayo, futhi ubandlulule imininingwane emihle luwusizo ekusebenzelaneni kwabo komphakathi okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Izikhali namasu okuzingela: ama-drill nama-crusher
Ngokuvumelana ne-morphology yama-raptorial appendages, ama-mantis shrimps aqoqwe abe yiqembu izinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zokusebenza:
- imishini yokumba: ehlome nge-appendages nge ama-barbs afana ne-harpoon, ilungele ukubhoboza nokubamba inyamazane ethambile njengezinhlanzi, izingwane noma oshaka abancane.
- Ama-crusher: banengalo esebenza njenge iklabhu, ene-spike engavamile kanye nemiphetho yangaphakathi yokusika. Bangochwepheshe ku phula amagobolondo amagobolondo aqinile e-molluscs, iminenke, izinkalankala nama-oyster.
Zombili izinhlobo zenza amagalelo nge ukusheshisa ngokwedlulele nokunemba okukhulu. I-raptorial anatomy yabo ibavumela ukuba bahlasele umbani ngaphandle kokunyakazisa wonke umzimba wabo, okwandisa ukumangala lapho beqamekela emigodini.
I-Physics of impact: isivinini, i-cavitation nokukhanya
Isitho se-raptorial sisebenza njenge-a i-biomechanical catapultIsistimu yokukhiya kanye nentwasahlobo yangaphakathi iqoqa amandla anwebekayo akhululwa phakathi amasekhondi amancane, ukufinyelela isivinini eduze 23 m / s kanye nokusheshisa kwezinkulungwane ze-g. Ijubane lomthelela liyadala cavitation Bubbles emanzini okuthi uma edilika ahlanganise a shock wave ekwazi ukubamba inyamazane emangazayo noma elimazayo noma ngabe isiteleka sokuqala sigeja. Lesi simo singase sihambisane i-sonoluminescence (ukukhishwa kokukhanya kokugoqeka kwamabhamuza amancane), umphumela omfushane, owenziwe wasendaweni obonisa ubungqabavu benqubo.
Ukumelana nalobu mshini ngaphandle kokuzilimaza, ingalo ye-punch ihlanganisa a impahla eyinhlanganisela ngesakhiwo sohlobo I-Bouligand, lapho imicu ihlelwa ngezingqimba ze-helical. Lolu hlelo luqeda ukungezwani, imisa ukusabalala kwemifantu futhi ivumela ukushaya okuphindaphindiwe ngokukhathala okuncane kwesakhiwo, okugqugquzela ukwakheka kwezinto eziqinile zobunjiniyela.
Ukuziphatha
Ubude besikhathi sabo sokuphila buyisikhathi eside uma kubhekwa ikhono labo elihle lokuphila ezindaweni ezihlukene. Bavame ukuba nolaka. Ngenxa yalokhu kuziphatha babizwa ngabashayisibhakela njengoba bekwazi ukusebenzisa izinzipho ukucula. ukuhlasela okusheshayo nokunodlame. Ziyizilwane ezidla ezinyeBanamakhono amakhulu okuzingela futhi ngokuvamile badla inyamazane yabo ngokukhululeka nangokushesha.
Indlela eziphatha ngayo inolaka kangangokuthi ezinye izibonelo ziye zakwazi phula ingilazi ye-aquarium ngokushaya okukodwaLawa mandla angavamile akhanya futhi abonakala kakhulu lapho isilwane sizizwa sivalelwe ekhoneni noma sisengozini. Kulokhu, ukuba nengilazi njengezindonga kuyenza ifune ukukhululeka, futhi ishaya ngawo wonke amandla ayo.
Naphezu kolaka lwazo olukhulu, ziyizilwane ezingaziwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo. Ngokuvamile bachitha iningi lezimpilo zabo ngaphakathi amadrigueras nasemigodini engabonwa muntu. Ukuba yedwaAmane achithe isikhathi sawo ecashe ngokuphepha, elinde inyamazane ukuba idlule eduze kwendlu yawo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, bahlasela ngokushesha nangobudlova okubasiza bathole ukudla abakufisayo. Izimfanzi zesithwalambiza zibonisa ukuziphatha kwasemini, kwasebusuku, nangokwe-crepuscular. Asikho isikhathi esisodwa sosuku lapho besebenza kakhulu kunesinye.
Ukuziphatha kwayo okuyinkimbinkimbi kuyenza ibe nezinhlobonhlobo ukulwa okungokwesiko namanye abesilisa bohlobo olufanayo. Lezi izimpi ezinjengomkhuba eziyingxenye yokuziphatha okungajwayelekile komphakathi. Lokhu kuziphatha kusuka esidingweni sokuvikela indawo yabo ezimbangini ezithile abazibheka njengeziyingozi. Kumane kuyindlela yokuvikela ezabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, babonisa okuphawulekayo inkumbulo umuntu ngamunye: bangakwazi ukubona omakhelwane abavamile ngezimpawu ezibonakalayo kanye ne I-OlorKwezinye izinhlobo, zixhumana nazo amaphethini we-fluorescent emzimbeni, okuwusizo ekuhlukaniseni indawo noma ukuheha umlingani, kubonisa ukuthi ukubona kwabo okukhethekile kubamba kalula.
Ukuzivikela, ukunyakaza, nokuphila kwemigodi
Ngaphambi kokuhlasela, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zibonisa isandiso sensimbi, ukuma okusabisayo lapho bephakamisa khona umzimba wabo futhi babonise ingalo yabo ehlomile ukuze bavimbele izimbangi. Ngaphezu kokubhukuda kanye nokuhamba okuvamile kwama-crustaceans, ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi zikhona ukuzala iqhutshwa yimilenze yangemuva ukuze ivale ibanga ngokushesha phezu kwezingxenye ezingaphansi kwesihlabathi lapho zivezwe emanzini aphansi.
Le migodi isebenza indima emibili: isiphephelo kanye nesizinda sokuzingela. Ezinye izimfanzi zesithwalambiza zimba futhi zilungise kabusha imihubhe okuthi, lapho isilahliwe, iphinde isetshenziswe ezinye izinto eziphila emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela ihlanganiswe ku-ecosystem dynamics.
Ukuxhumana nabantu: i-aquarium nekhishi
Ku-marine aquariophilia, abathandi bokuzilibazisa abathile bagcinela ama-stomatopod ukuziphatha okuthakazelisayo nemibala yazo. Nokho, ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye eziphumelelayo de peces kanye nezilwane ezingenamgogodla ezivela ethangini futhi nakuba izimo zokuphuka kwengilazi zingavamile, zidinga imishini eqinile kanye nokuhlelwa kwendawo nge-rock ephilayo engenazo izivakashi ezingafunwa. Ku-gastronomy, ezinye izinhlobo zisetshenziswa emasikweni ahlukene: ku cuisine yase-Japan (njenge-shako ku-sushi/sashimi), IsiCantonese nasezindaweni ze- IMedithera, lapho i-galley ingaba yingxenye yezitsha zendabuko. Njenganoma yikuphi ukudla kwasolwandle, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kufanele kucabangele umsuka kanye ikhwalithi yamanzi lapho ithunjwa khona.
Ilukuluku lwe-mantis lobster
Bayizilwane ezinenkumbulo enhle. Uma zihlala zicathama emigodini yazo zilinde inyamazane ezobanjwa, ziyakwazi ukukhumbula abantu abangomakhelwane. Ezinye izibonelo zingakhumbula abanye abantu ngephunga. ngokuqondene.
Ezinye zezinhlobo ze-mantis shrimp zingasebenzisa amaphethini we-fluorescent emizimbeni yabo ukuthumela izimpawu ezinhlotsheni zazo kanye nakwezinye izinhlobo eziseduze. Lokhu kusebenzela ukukhulisa indawo yokusabalalisa lapho izimpawu zokuziphatha zisatshalaliswa.
Indlela yayo eyingqayizivele yokuhamba iyenza isilwane esinqwenela ukwazi. Isebenzisa imilenze yangemuva ukuthola umfutho. Uma sebenomfutho owanele, bayagingqika baye endaweni abafuna ukufinyelela kuyo. Ngale ndlela yokuhamba, bangahamba amabanga afinyelela kumamitha amabili ngokuphusha ngakunye. Ngokuvamile benza ukusunduza kaningi, amabanga okuhamba ayingxenye yemitha. Ukusunduza okuqinile kudinga amandla amaningi, futhi bawasebenzisa ezimweni ezikhethekile.
I-logic yombono we-polarized
Ukuthi bayakwazi ukubona ukukhanya kwe-polarized linear kanye nendilinga Akuyona nje i-quirk. Bangakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokubonakaliswa kwesikali, babone amasiginali afihliwe kumagobolondo nontanga yabo, futhi bacubungule indawo ebazungezile ukusebenza kahle kwekhompyutha Phezulu: Ingxenye yokuhlaziya "ifakwe ngaphambili" ku-retina, inciphisa umthwalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa olumaphakathi. Yingakho izimpendulo zayo zishesha futhi zinembile ngesikhathi sokuzingela nokuzivikela.
Ukusabalalisa, ukondla nokuzala
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezimfanzi zesithwalambiza zakha ikhaya lazo izilwandle ezishisayo nezishisayo njengoba zidinga amazinga okushisa athambile. Kunensada enkulu oLwandle LwaseCaribbean naseLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya nolwePacific. Kukhona nezinhlobo emanzini apholile, kuhlanganise nezaziwayo I-squilla mantis eMedithera nasempumalanga ye-Atlantic.
Ngokuqondene nokudla kwazo, zaziwa njengezilwane ezidla ezinye ezinolaka ezinokuziphatha okunolaka. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni babe nokudla okuhlukahlukene okusekelwe kukho izinhlanzi ezahlukene, mollusks kanye amanye ama-crustaceansAbanye abantu bangase bahlangabezane nezinkinga ukudla abantu lapho ithuba noma ukuncintisana kuwuvuna.
Lapho i-mantis lobster ikhwelana, igobolondo layo lingabonisa i-fluorescence esebenzayo. Le nkomba isiza abesilisa ukukhomba isikhathi. Ezisikazi ziyazala uma zidlula kwezinye izigaba zomjikelezo wamaza, okwandisa amandla ekuqomeni futhi ivumelanise kangcono ukubeka amaqanda nezimo zemvelo ezivumayo.
Bangaba neziqephu zokuzalanisa phakathi kuka-20 no-30 ukuphila kwabo konke.Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, ukunakekelwa kwabazali kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kombhangqwana kungahluka. Kwamanye, womabili amalungu ayasebenzisana (ukunakekelwa kwe-biparental), kokunye insikazi ithwala amaqanda ngaphansi kwesisu sayo, kanti kwamanye, afakwa emgodini. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo umfazi oyedwa Bahlanganyela emgodini ofanayo isikhathi eside, bexhumanisa umsebenzi wabo, kanti kwezinye bahlangana kuphela ukuze bahlangane.
Imikhuba yokuqomisana nokunakekela izingane
Ukuqomisana kungase kuhlanganise izimpawu ezithile ezibonakalayo ezitholwa amehlo abo ngokuzwela okukhulu. Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa, abesifazane abaningi bayagcina isidoda baze balungele ukubeka amaqanda, benze amaqoqo amaqanda angafinyelela izinombolo eziphakeme kakhulu, avikelwe ngemfihlo yokunamathela. Ukuchanyuselwa kuvula ithuba izibungu ze-planktonic ezihlala kukholamu yamanzi amasonto ngaphambi kokuxazulula nokuqedela ukuguqulwa kwazo. Ezinhlotsheni ezakha amapheya azinzile, eyeduna ingase iqinise ukudla kuyilapho insikazi inakekela amaqanda.
Izinhlobo ezimele nokuhlukahluka kwesifunda
- I-squilla mantis (ama-mantis shrimp): avamile eMedithera nasempumalanga ye-Atlantic; umbala onsundu ngokuphuzi onamehlo ayinkimbinkimbi ezinsingeni; umlenze wokuqala onozipho olugobile wokumba nokuthwebula.
- I-Odontodactylus spp. (kuhlanganisa amafomu anemibalabala abizwa ngokuthi amapigogo): agqama ngamagobolondo awo anemibala eminingi futhi amagalelo abhubhisayo ngokumelene namagobolondo aqinile.
- Lysiosquillina maculata (idube isithwalambiza): enye yezinkulu; iphethini enemigqa emithunzi kakhilimu nensundu; ambush predator from imigodi ejulile.
Ukwehlukahlukana kwe-oda le-Stomatopoda kubalwa ngamakhulu ezinhlobo zezilwane, eziqoqwe kwaba imindeni eminingi emikhulu. Nakuba behlanganyela izici ezivamile zokuzingela nemibono, bayabonisa ukuzivumelanisa kuya kuma-substrates, ekujuleni nasezimpangweni zendawo, okwenza uhla olubanzi kakhulu lwezemvelo phakathi kwezilwane ezingenamgogodla zasolwandle.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezimfanzi zesithwalambiza. Ngayo amehlo hyperspecialized, wakho izikhali ze-biomechanical kanye nokuziphatha kwayo okuyinkimbinkimbi, le stomatopod ingenye yezilwane ezizidlayo eziyingqayizivele kakhulu zamanzi ashisayo nangaphansi kwe-tropical, i-protagonist yokuxhumana okuthakazelisayo kwe-trophic kanye nezenhlalakahle eziqhubeka nokugqugquzela ucwaningo lwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuthuthuka kwezinto.
