Namuhla sizohlola ngokujulile enye yezinhlanzi eziheha kakhulu futhi ezaziwa kabanzi emhlabeni: i i-mackerel. Le nhlanzi ayiveleli nje kuphela izici ngokomzimba kanye nokuziphatha, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokudla kwayo okunempilo, ukubaluleka kwayo ekudobeni okusimeme kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo ekhishini. Kuso sonke lesi sihloko, sizocubungula konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nalolu hlobo lwezilwane, oluhlanganisa izici zebhayoloji, umsoco, imvelo kanye ne-gastronomic.
Iyini i-mackerel?
I-Mackerel, ngokwesayensi eyaziwa ngokuthi I-scomber scombers, ingeyomndeni wakwaScombridae. Le nhlanzi, ebizwa nangokuthi Verdel, Xarda, Sarda Ezifundeni ezihlukene, iyinhlanzi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ehlala emanzini anosawoti futhi itholakala kakhulu olwandle i-Atlantic kanye noLwandle iMedithera. Ukubaluleka kwayo ngokomlando namasiko akunakuphikwa, njengoba ibidotshwa kusukela emandulo ngenxa yenyama yayo. namanzi futhi of ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.
Umzimba we-mackerel ubude, i-hydrodynamic kanye ne-fusiform, eyenzelwe isivinini. Imbozwe ngezikali ezincane, futhi umbala wayo oluhlaza okotshani ngemuva enemigqa emnyama egobile nesisu esimhlophe qwa. Lo mklamo awugcini nje ngokuwunika ubuhle, kodwa futhi uyingxenye yesu layo lokuzifihla kanye nokusinda olwandle.
Izici eziyinhloko ze-mackerel
I-Mackerel inhlanzi ephakathi nendawo ngokuvamile ekala phakathi Amasentimitha angama-25 no-45, nakuba abanye bengafinyelela 60cm ubude. Isisindo sawo singafinyelela phezulu 4,5 amakhilogremu ngezibonelo ezinkulu, nakuba iningi labantu ababanjiwe linesisindo esingaphansi kwekhilogremu.
- Umzimba: Umzimba we-Fusiform, mncane futhi uvumelana ngokuphelele nawo ukubhukuda ngesivinini.
- Izimali: Inamaphiko amabili ahlukene omhlane, amaphiko amafushane e-pectoral kanye ne-anal fin elandelwa izici eziyisikhombisa.
- Umbala: Ingemuva eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elinamabhande amnyama ajikajikayo, isisu esimhlophe-sisiliva.
- Indawo yokuhlala: I-Mackerel itholakala ikakhulukazi eNyakatho ye-Atlantic naseMedithera, ngokuvamile emanzini avulekile, eduze nogu ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo.
Isici esithakazelisayo se-mackerel yiso ikhono lokusinda ekujuleni okuhlukene kolwandle. Phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika ezibandayo, lezi zinhlanzi ziphephela ekujuleni Amamitha angu-170, lapho ezidla ngokulambisa. Nokho, entwasahlobo nasehlobo, zibuyela phezulu zakha izikole eziningi.
Ukuziphatha kanye nemikhuba yokudla
I-Mackerel inhlanzi onobungane, okungukuthi, ihlala futhi ifuduka emabhange amakhulu. Lokhu kuziphatha akubanikezeli nje kuphela ukuvikeleka ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, kodwa futhi kusiza ukudla kwabo. Ngezikhathi ezifudumele, i-mackerel idla ngenkuthalo i-plankton, amaqanda ezinye izinhlanzi nama-crustaceans amancane. Lapho isifinyelele ukuvuthwa ngokocansi, iba umhlaseli futhi idle izinhlanzi ezincane njengamasardine nama-anchovies.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mackerel ibonisa ukuziphatha okuphawulekayo kokufuduka. Entwasahlobo, zibuyela emanzini afudumele nasogwini ukuze zizale. Phakathi kukaMeyi noJulayi, abesifazane balala phakathi 200,000 kanye 400,000 amaqanda emanzini avulekile, achanyuselwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Iqiniso elinelukuluku: Izibungu ze-mackerel zikhula ngokushesha phakathi namasonto okuqala okuphila, ekuqaleni zidla i-zooplankton ngaphambi kokudlulela ekudleni okubanzi.
Ukubaluleka kokudla okunomsoco kwe-mackerel
El inani lokudla i-mackerel yenza kube ukudla okubalulekile ekudleni okunempilo. Njengoba inhlanzi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, inothile omega-3 fatty acids, kubalulekile empilweni yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Le nhlanzi futhi ingumthombo omuhle kakhulu we amaprotheni izinga eliphezulu, amavithamini namaminerali.
- Amaprotheni: Iqukethe cishe a Amaprotheni angama-20% ngamagremu ayi-100, okwenza kube ekahle ekuthuthukisweni kwezicubu nokulungisa izicubu.
- Amavithamini: Ikakhulukazi ecebile amavithamini eqembu B (B12, B6) kanye ne-fat-soluble njengo-A no-D.
- Amaminerali: Iqukethe inani elikhulu le-phosphorus, i-potassium, insimbi ne-selenium, ebalulekile emisebenzini yomzimba efana impilo yamathambo kanye nebhalansi ye-electrolyte.
- Amakhalori: Inekhalori emaphakathi ehluka ngokuya ngesizini yokushutha kanye namafutha (cishe phakathi 114 no-236 kcal ngamagremu ayi-100).
Ngokocwaningo, ukusetshenziswa njalo kwe-mackerel kunganciphisa kakhulu amazinga kashukela egazini. I-cholesterol ye-LDL kanye nama-triglycerides, akhuthaza isimiso senhliziyo esinempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe kwayo okuphansi kwe i-mercury iyenza ilungele yonke iminyaka, nakuba abantu abane-hyperuricemia noma i-gout kufanele bayidle ngokulinganisela ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo. ama-purines.
I-Mackerel ku-gastronomy
I-Mackerel inendawo ekhethekile ekhishini ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okuhlukahlukene nokuhlukahluka amajamo okungalungiselelwa ngayo. Kusukela ethinini emafutheni, okufakwe emanzini anosawoti noma okwemvelo, kuya ekuphekeni okusha okulungiselelwe kuhhavini noma ku-grill, le nhlanzi inikeza amathuba amaningi.
E-Andalusia, i-mackerel ekheniwe ithole ukuqashelwa njenge- I-Protected Geographical Indication (PGI). Lolu phawu luqinisekisa ikhwalithi kanye nomsuka wokulondolozwa, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lokudla lendawo.
Phakathi kwamalungiselelo aphawuleka kakhulu, sithola:
- I-mackerel ebhakiwe: Ideal ukujabulela yakho ukuthungwa y ukunambitheka engokwemvelo, evame ukuhambisana nemifino efana namazambane, utamatisi kanye nopelepele.
- I-mackerel eyosiwe: Inketho esheshayo nelula egqamisa ubusha bayo.
- I-Mackerel pickle: Iphelele kulabo abafuna ukulungiswa nge ukuthinta i-asidi futhi enamakha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuyisebenzisela izindlela zokupheka ezintsha ezifana ne-ceviches, i-tartar noma i-sushi, inqobo nje uma iqandisiwe kusengaphambili ukugwema izingozi ezifana anisakis.
Ukudoba okusimeme nokongiwa kwemvelo
Ukudoba ama-mackerel kwenziwa kakhulu ngamasu aqhubekayo njenge-purse seines nama-hook amanetha, okuqinisekisa abantu abanempilo. I-European Union ilawula izilinganiso zokubamba ngohlelo lwe-TAC (Total Allowable Catches), igwema ukudoba ngokweqile kanye nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwakho ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Kulo mongo, kubalulekile ukwazisa kokubili ukusetshenziswa wemfanelo njengokukhetha imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe evela ezindaweni zokudoba ezizinzile. Lokhu akuvikeli nje kuphela imvelo yasolwandle, kodwa futhi kuyakhuthaza izinqubo zasendaweni ezinomthwalo wemfanelo.
I-Mackerel igqama njengenhlanzi ehehayo, kokubili ngezici zayo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nomthelela wayo esikweni le-gastronomic kanye nokudla okunomsoco. Ukunotha kwayo ezakhamzimba, ukunambitheka okuhlukahlukene kanye nokusimama ekudobeni kuyenza ibe inketho ekahle yokufakwa ekudleni kwethu. Kusukela ezitsheni ezilula kuya kumalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi, i-mackerel ihlala iyigugu lolwandle okufanele liphinde litholakale.