El I-Flexibacter Columnaris Kuyisifo esibangelwa amagciwane esingathinta kabi izinhlanzi zethu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasolwandle ezinganakekelwa kahle noma ezigcwele kakhulu. Isici saso esiyinhloko ukubukeka kwe ukubola emlonyeni kanye nokuba khona kwe amabala amhlophe akotini ezungeze umzimba wezinhlanzi, ngaphezu kokuqhekeka kwamaphiko nomsila.
Iyini i-Flexibacter Columnaris?
El I-Flexibacter Columnaris igciwane I-Gram-negative okungase kudideke kalula ngezifo zefungal ngenxa yokufana kwezilonda ezizibangelayo, njengamabala amhlophe esikhumbeni nasemlonyeni wezinhlanzi. Nokho, ngokungafani nesikhunta, esivame ukukhula esicutshini esifile, i-Flexibacter Columnaris ithinta izinhlanzi eziphilayo, futhi isakazwa ikakhulukazi ukungcoliswa kwamanzi noma ukuthintana nezinye izinhlanzi ezigulayo.
Nakuba izimpawu zingase zibonakale zifana, umehluko oyinhloko ukuthi i-Flexibacter Columnaris isakazeka phakathi kwezinhlanzi eziphilayo, kuyilapho izifo zesikhunta ngokuvamile ziqala lapho izicubu ezifile sezivele zikhona ezinhlanzini.
Izici zobungozi kanye nezimbangela ze-Flexibacter Columnaris
Leli bhaktheriya livame kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini, kodwa lihlasela izinhlanzi kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezeleka okukhulu nobuthakathaka. Izinhlanzi ezinempilo ngokuvamile azithinteki, kodwa lapho indawo ye-aquarium ingekho kahle, amagciwane anganda. Phakathi kwezinto eziyingozi kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Flexibacter Columnaris ezinhlanzini yilezi:
- Izinga lamanzi elibi: I-aquarium ene ukugcinwa okubi, engatholi izinguquko zamanzi njalo, iyindawo efanelekile yokuthi leli gciwane lisakazeke.
- Ukugcwala ngokweqile kwabantu: Izinhlanzi eziningi endaweni encane azigcini nje ukwandisa ukucindezeleka, kodwa futhi zisiza ukudluliswa kwesifo kusuka enhlanzini eyodwa kuya kwenye.
- Amazinga oksijini aphansi: Ama-aquarium angenawo umoya-mpilo kahle adala indawo ekahle yokwanda kwamagciwane afana ne-Flexibacter Columnaris.
- Amazinga aphezulu ama-nitrites: Ukunqwabelana kwemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo kanye nokudla okungadliwanga kubangela ukwanda kwama-nitrites okuthi, kuhlangene namazinga aphansi e-oxygen, angenza izinhlanzi zibe buthaka futhi zizenze zingenwe kalula izifo.
Ukudluliselwa kanye nokuxilongwa
El I-Flexibacter Columnaris Isakazeka ngokushesha ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini lapho ibhaktheriya elilodwa lingangena izinhlanzi ezimbalwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. I ukudluliswa okuqondile Kwenzeka lapho izinhlanzi zidla ukudla okungcolile, noma lapho zihlanganyela endaweni efanayo yamanzi angcolile. Kuvamile futhi ukuthi ukutheleleka kusakazwe ngezinye izinto ezise-aquarium njengezitshalo, imihlobiso, noma izinto ezingenamagciwane.
I-Los izimpawu ezivame kakhulu kwalokhu kutheleleka kuhlanganisa ukuvela kwamachashaza angama-cottony emlonyeni, ukubola kwezimpiko kanye nezilonda emzimbeni wezinhlanzi.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Flexibacter Columnaris
Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha lesi sifo, kodwa kuncike kakhulu ekutheni izinga lokuqhubeka kokutheleleka. Uma kubanjwe ekuqaleni, kungenzeka ukwenza ngcono izimo zamanzi ngokwandisa izinguquko ezivamile kanye nokugcina i-aquarium igcwele umoya-mpilo ukusiza ukunciphisa ukutheleleka.
Ezimweni ezithuthuke kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwe ama-antibiotics njenge i-oxytetracycline, i-tetracycline noma i-kanamycin. Lawa ma-antibiotic angenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukudla okukhulelwe ngezinhlanganisela, noma ngqo emanzini ase-aquarium.
Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-Flexibacter Columnaris ngokuvamile ayizweli kwamanye ama-antibiotic afana ne-ormethoprim ne-sulfadimethoxine, okwenza ukwelashwa kwayo kube nzima nakakhulu uma ukuxilongwa kungenziwa ngesikhathi.
I-Antibacterial Treatment Protocol
- Ukugcinwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi: Yenza izinguquko zamanzi kancane njalo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi isihlungi sebhayoloji sisebenza kahle.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic: Uma ukutheleleka sekuvele kwenzeka, sebenzisa ama-antibiotics njenge i-oxytetracycline o kanamycin, ezisebenza ngempumelelo ngokumelene namagciwane. Lezi zilawulwa kangcono ekudleni.
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanzi ezinegciwane: Beka izinhlanzi ezigulayo ethangini lasesibhedlela lapho ungakwazi ukulawula kangcono ukutheleleka ngaphandle kokufaka ezinye izinhlanzi engozini.
- Ukuqapha njalo ukuziphatha: Qaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko ebaleni, esuthi nasekuziphatheni kwezinhlanzi.
Prevención
Nakuba ukwelashwa kubalulekile uma isifo sivela, kungcono ukugcina i-aquarium esimweni esivimbela ukutheleleka. Ukuze ugweme I-Flexibacter Columnaris ku-aquarium:
- Yenza ukushintsha kwamanzi okuyingxenye njalo ukugwema ukunqwabelana kwamagciwane.
- Vikela ukwanda kwabantu ku-aquarium.
- Gcina amazinga oksijini alungile usebenzisa isistimu yokungenisa umoya yekhwalithi ephezulu noma isihlungi.
- Qiniseka ukuthi cha ukudla ezingasetshenzisiwe zihlala emanzini isikhathi eside.
- Ikhawulela ingcindezi ezinhlanzini, njengokushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa noma ikhwalithi yamanzi.
Izici Zemvelo kanye Nethonya Lazo Ezifweni
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi i- I-Flexibacter Columnaris uyachuma amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-25°C. Ngakho-ke, esinye sezinyathelo ezinconyiwe zokunciphisa ukwanda kwayo ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa le-aquarium kancane, lifinyelele cishe ku-24°C, okusiza ukubambezela ukukhula kwamagciwane. Nokho, le nqubo kufanele yenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze ingabangeli ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe ezinhlanzini.
Ukumelana Nemithi Elwa Namagciwane kanye Nokwelashwa Okuhambisanayo
Enye yezinselelo ekwelapheni I-Flexibacter Columnaris ukuthi amagciwane asethuthukile ukumelana kuma-antibiotic athile, njenge i-ormethoprim futhi i i-sulfadimethoxine. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha lesi sifo ngempumelelo.
Olunye ucwaningo luye lwaphakamisa lokho kwenezela isipuni sikasawoti kuwo wonke amalitha ama-4 amanzi ukuya e-aquarium kunganciphisa izinga lokufa kuze kufike ku-30%, njengoba kusiza ukunciphisa ikhono lebhaktheriya lokunamathela emzimbeni wezinhlanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwethulwa kwe i-acriflavine o i-nitrofurazone ekugezeni okwelapha kubonise imiphumela emihle. Ngendlela ehambisanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibacterial anjenge phenoxyethanol Iphinde isebenze uma isetshenziswa ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo.
Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kwengcindezi kanye Nesigameko Se-Columnaris Ezinhlanzini
Njengezifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane ezinhlanzini, Ukucindezeleka kudlala indima ebalulekile ekubukekeni kwe-Flexibacter Columnaris. Izinhlanzi ezingaphansi kokushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa, indawo egcwele kakhulu noma ikhwalithi yamanzi ephansi ivame ukuhlakulela lezi zifo njalo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunciphisa imithombo yokucindezeleka ku-aquarium.
Ukucindezeleka kwehlisa amandla amasosha omzimba ezinhlanzi, kuzenze zingenwe kalula izifo. Ukuze unciphise ubungozi, kubalulekile ukugcina imingcele yamanzi izinzile, wenze izinguquko ezithile zamanzi njalo, futhi ungangenisi izinhlanzi ezigulayo ku-aquarium ngaphandle kokuvalelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
I-Columnaris Ezinhlotsheni Ezihlukene Zezinhlanzi
Nakuba zonke izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile zingase zibe lula I-Flexibacter Columnaris, ezinye izinhlobo, ikakhulukazi viviparous njengama-guppies nama-mollies, kungenzeka ukuthi bathole lesi sifo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi eziningi zalezi zinhlanzi zikhuliswa ngaphansi kwezimo eziminyene ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini ezithengiswayo, okwandisa ukuchayeka kwazo emagciwaneni nasezimweni zengcindezi.
Kubalulekile ukuqapha lezi zilwane eduze, njengoba noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka kufanele zelashwe ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabalala kwalesi sifo kuyo yonke i-aquarium.
Ngisho nezinhlanzi ezingenazo izikali, njenge inhlanzi eyikati, zingenwa kalula yilesi sifo futhi zinezilonda ezibomvu ezinemiphetho evuvukele okufanele zilashwe ngokushesha ukuze zingabhebhetheki.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i- izinhlanzi ezisanda kuthengwa kwamanye amazwe noma ezitholiwe zisengozini ikakhulukazi yalesi sifo ngenxa yezokuthutha kanye nezimo zokuminyana. Ngakho-ke, kuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusebenzisa ithangi lokuvalelwa ngaphambi kokwethula izinhlanzi ezintsha ku-aquarium esunguliwe.
Okokugcina, izinguquko ezincane ekugcinweni nasekunakekelweni kwe-aquarium zingenza umehluko phakathi kwendawo enempilo kanye nokuqubuka kwe I-Flexibacter Columnaris lokho kubeka zonke izinhlanzi engozini. Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale uqaphile nganoma yiziphi izimpawu futhi unakekele izinhlanzi uma kunesibonakaliso esincane sokugula.