Namuhla sizokhuluma nge-mollusk ehlala phakathi kwamamitha angu-2000 no-5000 ukujula: i- dumbo octopus . Nakuba kungaziwa okuningi ngalolu hlobo, lujwayeleke kakhulu kubantu ngenxa yokufana kwalo ne-Dumbo. Lubukeka luphuzi ngoba ukukhanya kwelanga akufinyeleli ekujuleni lapho luhlala khona. Lunezici ezihlukile emndenini walo futhi lwaziwa ngokubukeka kwalo okuhlukile.
Lesi sihloko sizosinikela ku-dumbo octopus ukuze siveze izimfihlo zayo ezaziwa kuze kube manje.
Izici eziyinhloko
Indlela yayo yokuqhumisa mhlawumbe iyisici sayo esivelele kakhulu emndenini wayo. Le ndlela yokuqhumisa iyenza ihluke kalula kwezinye. Indawo yayo yemvelo nayo inezimfihlakalo eziningi ezingaziwa, njengoba ukukhanya kwelanga kungafiki kuyo.
Lesi silwane asikaziwa kakhulu ngabantu. Kodwa-ke, sizokwembula konke esikwaziyo ngaso kuze kube manje. Umzimba walesi silwane esibizwa ngokuthi i-cephalopod uyamangaza kakhulu. Zonke ezinye izingwane zinezimpondo ezinde ezizisebenzisayo ukuzihambisa emanzini. Lesi silwane sinezimpondo eziningana ezinhlangothini zekhanda laso esizisebenzisayo ukubhukuda. Lokhu akuvamile kumangwane ajwayelekile. Izimpondo ziyindilinga futhi zingahamba ngendlela efana neDumbo, njengokungathi zinezindlebe ezimbili ezinkulu njengendlovu iDisney.
Le octopus akuyona yodwa uhlobo olunalezi zici. Yakha uhlobo lonke, iGrimpoteuthis, olunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili ezichazwe ngenhla . Zonke zinezimpondo ezinamaphiko namafin ekhanda lazo, ngaleyo ndlela zigcina lesi sici esiyingqayizivele. Ngokungafani nezinye izimpondo, zigwinya inyamazane yazo yonke esikhundleni sokuyichoboza ngomlomo wazo kuqala.
Ihlala ekujuleni kolwandle, futhi ngenxa yokuthi iyindawo engafinyeleleki kalula, kuncane okwaziwayo ngayo. Ayifinyeleleki kalula ngoba ingcindezi inkulu kakhulu , idinga imishini ekhethekile kanye nemishini, futhi akukho ukukhanya . Ubukhulu obujwayelekile balolu hlobo abuqondakali kahle, futhi muva nje kubonwe amaphuphu alo. Kunzima ukwazi ukuthi azala kanjani, yize ubufakazi obutholakalayo busenza sikwazi ukwakha kabusha izici eziningana.
Descripción
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi zimhlophe noma zipinki okhanyayo . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuntuleka kokukhanya endaweni yazo yokuhlala kusho ukuthi azidingi ukuba nombala wesikhumba oqinile. Imizimba yazo inokwakheka kwe-gelatinous , okudingekayo ukuze imelane nokucindezela okuphezulu kwemvelo. Ngaphandle kwalesi sikhumba se-gelatinous, cishe ngeke zikwazi ukusinda.
Ubukhulu obujwayelekile kanye nesisindo salolu hlobo akwaziwa kahle. Isampula enkulu kunazo zonke ezake zaqoshwa yayinesisindo samakhilogremu amaningana futhi yayilinganiselwa cishe amamitha amabili ubude . Lokhu akusho ukuthi zonke izibonelo zinje. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba ezinye ziwela ngaphakathi kwebanga eliphakathi, kuhlale kunezimbalwa ezidlula lesi silinganiso. Ubude obujwayelekile bulinganiselwa ukuthi bungaba ngu-20-30 cm , nakuba isisindo singaziwa kahle, kanti amarekhodi ngezikhathi ezithile abonisa osayizi abaphezulu kakhulu.
Ulwelwesi oluyi-umbrella : Phakathi kwezingalo zalo kukhona ulwelwesi lwesikhumba oluzihlanganisa kancane, olufana nesambulela. Lesi sakhiwo sithuthukisa ukuzinza futhi sivumela ukuhamba okulawulwa kakhulu emanzini ajulile.
Igazi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye no-inki ongenawo : Ngokungafani nabantu, la ma-octopus asebenzisa i-hemocyanin esekelwe ethusi ukuthutha umoya-mpilo, enikeza igazi lawo umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle emanzini abandayo, angenayo umoya-mpilo . Awanawo futhi isikhwama se-inki , njengoba le ndlela yokuzivikela ingasebenzi kahle ebumnyameni obujulile.
Amehlo nezinzwa : Zinamehlo amakhulu kakhulu , kwezinye izinhlobo, athatha ingxenye enkulu yobubanzi be-mantle. Umbono wazo ulungele ukuhlukanisa ngokuyinhloko ukunyakaza, ukukhanya, kanye nobumnyama . Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbotshana zazo zinezinzwa ezibona ukudlidliza kwamakhemikhali kanye nokwemishini endaweni yazo.
Isakhiwo sangaphakathi esiyingqayizivele : Zinegobolondo langaphakathi elinomzimba ofana no-U kanye nomlomo ongaqinile kangako kunezinye izingwane, okuhlobene nesu lazo lokugwinya inyamazane yonke . Izifundo zezithombe ezingangenisi uhlaselo ziye zavumela ngisho nokukhiqizwa kwamamodeli e-3D omlomo kanye nezici ezinemininingwane njengenhliziyo ehlelekile , ukuma kwama-gill, kanye nomgudu wokugaya ukudla ngaphandle kokulimaza amasampula.
I-taxonomy ebalulekile yohlobo lwe-Grimpoteuthis
- Isizinda: Eukaryota
- UMbuso: Animalia
- IzindizaI-Mollusca
- IsigabaI-Cephalopoda
- I-odaI-Octopoda
- I-suborderI-Cirrine
- Umndeni: Opisthoteuthidae
- Ubulili: Grimpoteuthis (igama elifanayo: I-Enigmatiteuthis)
Mayelana nezinhlobo ezaziwayo
Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-17 ichazwe ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi G. abyssicola, G. ama-bathynectes, G. boylei, G. inselele, G. ukutholakala, G. hippocrepium, G. innominata, G. meangensis, G. megaptera, G. pacifica, G. plena, G. tuftsi, G. umbellata, G. wuelkeri y G. imperatorphakathi kwabanye. Kwezinye izimo, izinhlobo ngaphambilini ezabelwe uhlobo ziye uthuthiwe emndenini wakwa-Opisthoteuthidae.
Ukuhlonza i -Grimpoteuthis imperator kufezwe ngokuhlanganiswa kwamasu angahlaseli kanye nalawo angahlaseli kakhulu , njenge-magnetic resonance imaging, i-micro-computed tomography, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo, okuvumela ucwaningo oluningiliziwe lokwakheka kwayo ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo. Le ndlela isibe yindlela yokuchaza i-megafauna yolwandle olujulile ngenkathi ihlonipha imvelo kanye nokulondoloza izinhlobo ezingavamile.
Ukuziphatha kwe-dumbo octopus
Njengoba izici zazo zimbalwa ngoba kunzima ukufunda ngazo, cabanga ngokuziphatha kwazo. Kuyamangaza impela, uma ubheka ukuthi kunzima ukuzibona ekujuleni. Okuwukuphela kwento eyaziwayo ukuthi zihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu, ezijulile zolwandle futhi ziziqhubezela ngamaphini afana nezindlebe emakhanda azo. Imithombo yazo yokudla eyinhloko yaziwa cishe. Ngokuvamile zidla ama-crustacean, ama-bivalve, kanye nezibungu ezithile . Ngenkathi ziziqhubezela, zigcina ibhalansi yazo ngokuhambisa amaphiko azo. Zisebenzisa ama-tentacles azo, zizwa ulwandle, amatshe, noma ama-coral. Lena yindlela ezifuna ngayo inyamazane yazo. Uma seziyitholile, zifika phezu kwayo bese ziyigwinya yonke.
Ezinzulwini ezimnyama, lapho ingcindezi inkulu khona futhi ukudla kuyindlala, konke ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kubalulekile. Yingakho, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa amaphiko azo, zingashaya kancane ulwelwesi lwazo olufana nesambulela ukuze zehlise ijubane, ziphenduke, noma zishelele. Ukungabikho kwesikhwama seyinki kukhokhelwa izinguquko zombala ezingabonakali , isithunzi esincane, kanye nokunyakaza okuhamba kancane—amasu anciphisa ukuhlangana nezilwane ezidla ezinye.
Indlela yabo yokuphila iyodwa . Lapho owesilisa nowesifazane behlangana, owesilisa udlulisela isidoda esebenzisa isakhiwo esikhethekile kwenye yengalo yakhe (i-hectocotylus). Owesifazane angagcina isidoda isikhathi eside futhi avundise amaqanda uma izimo zivuma.
Ngokuphathelene nokuzala, akubonakali kunesigaba esinqunyiwe noma esichaziwe sonyaka. Abesifazane bavame ukuthwala amaqanda ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhula . Babeka amaqanda abo ngaphansi kwamatshe, amagobolondo, noma ama-octocorals lapho indawo ivuma. Lokhu kuxhumana nama-coral ajulile olwandle kubalulekile: iqanda lihlala liqinile , livimbela ugesi ukuthi ungalithwali liye ezindaweni ezingafanele.
Lapho amaphuphu ephuma eqandeni, azalwa esekhule ngokugcwele futhi ekwazi ukuzimela. Kulezi zimo ezinzima, awakwazi ukuchitha isikhathi ekhula kancane kancane futhi efunda kunina. Kumelwe abe nokuzimela kusukela ekuqaleni. Ukubonwa kwezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa kubonise izitho ezisebenzayo kakade kanye nesikhwama esincane se-yolk esizinika indlela yokubamba ngempumelelo isisulu sazo sokuqala.
Umsoco ngokuningiliziwe
- Amadamu: ama-crustaceans amancane, iminenke, ama-oyster, izikelemu ze-polychaete kanye nama-bivalves.
- isu: vala ukucupha okungezansi, ukutholwa kwamakhemikhali athintekayo ngamasucker kanye nokugwinya okuphelele.
- Izindawo zokudlaamathafa kwalasha futhi izindawo eziseduze nemithombo ye-hydrothermal, lapho kugcwele khona izilwane ezingenamgogodla.
Habitat
Lolu hlobo lutholakale ekujuleni okusukela kumamitha angu-2000 kuya kwangu-5000 . Akwaziwa ukuthi lusakhona yini ekujuleni okukhulu nakakhulu. Ngokuqinisekile luyindawo enonya lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kungangeni khona futhi kunengcindezi enkulu yokumelana.
Njengoba kungezona zonke izinto ezaziwayo ngayo, kukholelwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lungaphila kuwo wonke umhlaba . Lutholakale ezindaweni ezahlukene ogwini lwePacific ne-Atlantic eNyakatho Melika, ePhilippines, e-Azores, eNew Zealand, e-Australia, eNew Guinea , futhi ukuba khona kwayo kusanda kubhalwa oLwandle lwase-Argentina . Ngakho-ke, kucatshangwa ukuthi i-dumbo octopus ayinalo i-optopus ethanda ulwandle oluthile.
Ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-3000 , ukukhanya kuyanyamalala futhi amazinga okushisa angahamba cishe ngo- 2°C . Ingcindezi inkulu ngokuphindwe kangamakhulu kunasebusweni. Noma kunjalo, ama-dumbo octopus ahlala ezindaweni eziphansi emhlabeni wonke, ngamarekhodi asukela kumamitha angu-400 kuya kwangu-7000 ukujula kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zohlobo.
Ingqophamlando yamuva nje kube ukubona oLwandle lwase-Argentina eMar del Plata Submarine Canyon, ekujuleni okungamamitha angaba ngu-3781, ngenxa yemoto yasemoyeni engenamuntu ( ROV SuBastian ) eqhutshwa yiSchmidt Ocean Institute ngokubambisana nochwepheshe abavela ku -CONICET kanye ne-INIDEP . Lokhu kubona kwembule isampula epinki ehamba kahle phezu kwezihlabathi, iqinisekisa ukuba khona kwayo endaweni ngaphandle kokuyisusa endaweni yayo , ngaleyo ndlela inikeze ulwazi oluthembekile mayelana nokuziphatha kwayo.
Ucwaningo oluthakazelisayo
- Ukubuka okungahlanyisi kugwema ukuhlanekezela kombala nokuma okwenzeka ngemva kokubanjwa, ukutholwa idatha engokoqobo.
- Imvelo ekwalasha kakhulu ye-canyon iye yembula ezinye izinhlobo ezigqamayo (izinkanyezi) I-Hippasteria, ukhukhamba olwandle olunsomi), okubonisa a ukwehlukahlukana okukhulu kusazobhalwa.
- Kulinganiselwa ukuthi siyazi ngaphansi kuka-10% ngalokho okwenzeka ekujuleni kolwandle.
Ukulondolozwa kwe-dumbo octopus
Abantu abakwazi ukusebenza ekujuleni okukhulu lapho lesi silwane sihlala khona. Ngakho-ke, abakwazi ukusongela ngqo ukusinda kwaso. Kodwa-ke, sisongelwa kakhulu yimiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwenyuka kwamazinga okushisa olwandle. Ukungcola kwamanzi nakho kuyinkinga, njengoba imfucuza ingacwila endaweni yayo yokuhlala.
Ukuze iphile, idinga ama-octocorals anempilo ukuze abesifazane bakwazi ukubeka amaqanda abo. Lawa ma-coral nawo athintwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemiphumela engaqondile engaba khona njengokwakheka kwe-acid, ukwanda kwama-microplastic, ukuchitheka kwenhlabathi okuvela emisebenzini yezimayini, kanye nokudoba phansi emithambekeni, okungashintsha indawo engaphansi komhlaba futhi konakalise izindawo zokuphephela ezibalulekile.
Njengamanje, izinhlobo eziningi kulolu hlobo azinawo ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwengozi, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamarekhodi . Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo ezihlanganisa amarobhothi angaphansi kwamanzi , izithombe zezokwelapha, ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo, kanye nezinqubo ezingangenisi uhlaselo zibaluleke kakhulu: zisivumela ukuthi sandise ulwazi lwethu ngaphandle kokuthinta abantu noma indawo yabo, futhi zinikeza isisekelo esiqinile sezinyathelo zokuzivikela uma kudingeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo oluhlangene phakathi kwezikhungo ze-oceanographic kanye namayunivesithi lubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuchaza izinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane ezinkulu zasolwandle ngaphandle kokuzihlukanisa, kugcinwe amasampula ezifundweni zesikhathi esizayo. Icala likaGrimpoteuthis imperator liyisibonelo esihle sendlela ubuchwepheshe kanye nokuziphatha kwesayensi okuvula ngayo izindlela zokuqonda kangcono imvelo ngaphandle kokuyilimaza.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza ukuthi ufunde kabanzi nge-dumbo octopus kanye nezici zayo ezithakazelisayo. Njengoba ubona, i-biology yayo, i-anatomy, kanye nendlela yokuphila ebumnyameni bolwandle kuhlanganisa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okumangalisayo —igazi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amaphiko afana nendlebe, ulwelwesi olufana nesambulela, kanye nokungabikho kweyinki— nemikhuba eyimfihlo esiqala ukuyibona ngokucacile manje ngenxa yamathuluzi esimanje kanye nohambo olungenamthelela omkhulu.
