Namuhla sizokhuluma ngemollusk ehlala phakathi kwamamitha angama-2000 kuya kwangu-5000 ukujula. Imayelana ne- i-dumbo octopusNakuba kungekuningi okwaziwayo mayelana nalolu hlobo lwezilwane, lwaziwa kakhulu abantu ngokufana kwalo neDumbo. Ubonakala ephaphathekile ngoba ukukhanya kwelanga akufinyeleli ekujuleni lapho lihlala khona. Inezinye izici eziyingqayizivele emndenini wayo futhi yaziwa ngokuba ingwane enokubukeka okukhethekile.
Sizonikezela lesi sihloko kungwane we-Dumbo ukuze sikwazi wembula izimfihlo zayo eyaziwa kuze kube manje.
Izici eziyinhloko
Indlela yayo ye-propulsion, mhlawumbe, i isici esikhethekile kakhulu enakho emndenini wayo. Indlela yayo yokuhambisa ingakwazi ukuhlukanisa kalula kokunye. Endaweni yayo yemvelo singathola futhi izimfihlakalo eziningi namanje akwaziwa kwazise ukukhanya kwelanga akufiki lapho.
Lesi silwane namanje asikaziwa abantu. Nokho, sizodalula konke okwaziwayo ngakho kuze kube manje. Izici zayo zomzimba i-cephalopod Kuyathakazelisa ngempela. Wonke amanye ama-octopus anamatende amade futhi awasebenzisa ukuze aziqhubele ngamanzi. Lesi silwane sinamaphiko amaningana ezinhlangothini zekhanda laso eliyisebenzisela ukubhukuda. Lokhu akuvamile kuma-octopus aziwa kakhulu. Amaphiko ayindilinga futhi ayakwazi ukuhamba ngendlela ekhumbuza i-Dumbo, njengokungathi inamadlebe amabili amakhulu njengaleyo ndlovu yakwa-Disney.
Le octopus akuyona ukuphela kohlobo olukhona olunalezi zici. Zakha i-genus yonke, i-Grimpoteuthis, enezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili ezichazweWonke anamathente anama-web kanye nezimpiko emakhanda awo, ngakho-ke lesi sici esiyingqayizivele sihlala. Ngokungafani namanye ama-octopus, Zigwinye inyamazane yazo. esikhundleni sokuwachoboza kusengaphambili ngoqhwaku.
Ihlala ekujuleni kolwandle, futhi njengoba kuyindawo okungangeneki kuyo, akukho okuningi okwaziwayo ngayo. Yindawo okungangeneki kalula kuyo ngoba Ingcindezi inkulu kakhulu. futhi idinga amathuluzi nemishini ukuyisekela, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, Akukho ukukhanyaUbukhulu obujwayelekile balolu hlobo alwaziwa kahle, futhi kusanda kubonwa amaphuphu azo. Ukuthi zikhiqiza kanjani kunzima ukuyiqonda, nakuba ubufakazi busivumela ukuba sakhe kabusha izici eziningana.
Descripción
Kubhekwe ngemuva kophenyo oluthile ukuthi basuka kubo pink emhlophe noma ephaphathekileLokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuntuleka kokukhanya endaweni abahlala kuyo kusho ukuthi abadingi ukuthuthukisa umbala oqinile esikhumbeni sabo. Umzimba unokuthungwa kwegelatin ngoba idinga ukuthi imelane namazinga aphezulu okucindezela okuzungezile. Ngaphandle kwalesi sikhumba esine-gelatin, cishe ngeke sikwazi ukuphila.
Isilinganiso sobukhulu nesisindo salolu hlobo akwaziwa kahle. Isifanekiso esikhulu kunazo zonke ezake zarekhodwa zinesisindo esingaba [isisindo esilahlekile]. amakhilogremu amaningana futhi yalinganisa ubude cishe amamitha amabiliLokhu akusho ukuthi zonke izibonelo zinjalo. Okufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo zazo eziwela phakathi kwebanga eliphakathi, kodwa kuhlale kunezinye ezeqa leso silinganiso. Ubude obujwayelekile bulinganiselwa ku-20-30 cm., nakuba isisindo saso singaziwa kahle, ngezinye izikhathi ukufundwa okuphakeme kakhulu.
Ulwelwesi olumise okwesambulelaPhakathi kwezingalo zayo kunolwelwesi lwesikhumba oluhlangana nazo, lufane nesambulela. Lesi sakhiwo sithuthukisa ukuzinza futhi sivumela ukuhamba okulawulwa kakhulu emanzini ajulile.
Igazi eliluhlaza futhi alikho uyinkiNgokungafani nabantu, lezi octopus zisebenzisa i-hemocyanin okusekelwe ekhopha ukuthutha umoya-mpilo, okunikeza igazi lakho umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi Ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle emanzini abandayo, angenawo umoya-mpilo.. Futhi Bantula isikhwama sikayinkingenxa yokuthi ebumnyameni obumnyama le ndlela yokuzivikela ayisebenzi kangako.
Amehlo nezinzwa: okwamanje amehlo amakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa okuyinto, kwezinye izinhlobo, ethatha ingxenye enkulu yobubanzi be-mantle. Umbono wabo uguqulelwe ukuhlukanisa ngokuyinhloko ukunyakaza, ukukhanya nobumnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yayo ama-suckers anemicu yezinzwa ezibona ukudlidliza kwamakhemikhali nokomshini endaweni ezungezile.
Isakhiwo sangaphakathi esiyingqayiziveleBaphethe a igobolondo le-cartilaginous langaphakathi eline-U-shape kanye noqhwaku oluqinile kunamanye ama-octopus, okuhlobene neqhinga labo loku gwinya inyamazane ipheleleIzifundo zezithombe ezingahlanyisi zenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza Amamodeli we-3D aphezulu kanye nemininingwane izici ezifana inhliziyo yesistimu, ukwakheka kwamagill kanye nomgudu wokugaya ukudla ngaphandle kokulimaza izibonelo.
I-taxonomy ebalulekile yohlobo lwe-Grimpoteuthis
- Isizinda: Eukaryota
- UMbuso: Animalia
- IzindizaI-Mollusca
- IsigabaI-Cephalopoda
- I-odaI-Octopoda
- I-suborderI-Cirrine
- Umndeni: Opisthoteuthidae
- Ubulili: Grimpoteuthis (igama elifanayo: I-Enigmatiteuthis)
Mayelana nezinhlobo ezaziwayo
Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-17 ichazwe ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi G. abyssicola, G. ama-bathynectes, G. boylei, G. inselele, G. ukutholakala, G. hippocrepium, G. innominata, G. meangensis, G. megaptera, G. pacifica, G. plena, G. tuftsi, G. umbellata, G. wuelkeri y G. imperatorphakathi kwabanye. Kwezinye izimo, izinhlobo ngaphambilini ezabelwe uhlobo ziye uthuthiwe emndenini wakwa-Opisthoteuthidae.
Ukuhlonza Grimpoteuthis imperator Lokhu kwafezwa ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwamasu engahlaseli futhi ayingeneleli kancane okufana ne-magnetic resonance imaging, micro-computed tomography, nokuhlaziywa kofuzo, okwavumela ukucwaninga okuningiliziwe kokwakheka kwayo ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo. Le ndlela isiphenduke ibhentshimark chaza i-deep-sea megafauna ukuhlonipha imvelo nokugcina izibonelo eziyivelakancane.
Ukuziphatha kwe-dumbo octopus
Njengoba izici zayo zingacacile ngoba kunzima ukufunda ngazo, cabanga ngokuziphatha kwayo. Kuyamangaza impela, uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunzima ukukubona ekujuleni. Okuwukuphela kwento eyaziwayo ukuthi bahlala ezindaweni ezibanzi, ezijulile zolwandle futhi lokho Ziziqhubezela ngamaphiko Zifana nezindlebe emakhanda azo. Ukudla okuyinhloko abakufaka ekudleni kwabo kwaziwa ngokujwayelekile. Ngokuvamile zidla ama-crustaceans, ama-bivalves, nezinye izikelemu.Njengoba ziqhuba, zigcina ibhalansi yazo ngenxa yokunyakaza kwamaphiko azo. Esebenzisa amatende azo, ezwa ukujula kolwandle, amadwala, noma amakhorali. Ziyifuna kanje inyamazane yazo. Uma sebeyibonile, bayohlala phezu kwayo futhi Bawagwinye wonke.
Ekujuleni okumnyama, lapho ingcindezi inkulu futhi ukudla kuyindlala, konke ukuzivumelanisa nakho kubalulekile. Yingakho, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa amaphiko abo, bangakwazi shaya kancane i-membrane yesambulela ukubhuleka, ukujika, noma ukushibilika. Ukungabikho kwesaka likayinki kunxeshezelwa ngu izinguquko zombala ezicashilei-compact silhouette nokunyakaza okuhamba kancane, amasu anciphisa ukuhlangana nezilwane ezidla ezinye.
Indlela yabo yokuphila injalo UwedwaLapho owesilisa nowesifazane behlangana, owokuqala udlulisela isidoda ngokusebenzisa a isakhiwo esikhethekile kwenye yezingalo (i-hectocotylus). Insikazi ingakwazi gcina isidoda isikhathi eside bese uvundisa amaqanda uma izimo zivuma.
Mayelana nokukhiqiza kabusha, akubonakali kunesigaba esimisiwe noma esichaziwe sesizini. Ngokuvamile, abesifazane bangathwala amaqanda ngezigaba ezahlukene zokuvuthwaZibekela amaqanda ngaphansi kwamatshe, amagobolondo noma ama-octocoral lapho imvelo ivuma. Lesi sixhumanisi esinamakhorali ajulile olwandle siyisihluthulelo: iqanda lihlala liqinileukuvimbela umsinga ukuthi ungawudluliseli ezindaweni ezingafanele.
Lapho amaphuphu ekugcineni echanyuselwa eqandeni, ayazalwa ngokugcwele futhi bayakwazi ukuzimela. Kulezi zindawo ezinobutha, abakwazi ukuchitha isikhathi ngokukhula kancane kancane futhi bafunde kumama wabo. Kumele bakwazi ukuzinakekela kusukela ekuqaleni. Ukubhekwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa kubonisiwe izitho esezivele zisebenza futhi encane isikhwama se-yolk okubanikeza indawo yokubamba ngempumelelo inyamazane yabo yokuqala.
Umsoco ngokuningiliziwe
- Amadamu: ama-crustaceans amancane, iminenke, ama-oyster, izikelemu ze-polychaete kanye nama-bivalves.
- isu: vala ukucupha okungezansi, ukutholwa kwamakhemikhali athintekayo ngamasucker kanye nokugwinya okuphelele.
- Izindawo zokudlaamathafa kwalasha futhi izindawo eziseduze nemithombo ye-hydrothermal, lapho kugcwele khona izilwane ezingenamgogodla.
Habitat
Lolu hlobo lutholakale ekujuleni ukuthi isukela kumamitha ayi-2000 kuye kumamitha ayi-5000Akwaziwa ukuthi akhona yini amanye ngezansi. Impela iyindawo enenzondo lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kungafinyeleli khona futhi kukhona a ukucindezela okukhulu ukubekezela.
Njengoba kungekho okwaziwa ngokugcwele ngakho, kunenkolelo yokuthi lolu hlobo lwezilwane lungase luphile yonke iplanethiItholakale ezindaweni ezahlukene lapho bekhona ugu lwePacific ne-Atlantic eNyakatho Melika, iziQhingi zasePhilippine, iziQhingi zase-Azores, eNew Zealand, e-Australia, eNew Guinea, futhi ubukhona bayo busanda kubhalwa ku Ulwandle lwase-Argentina. Ngakho-ke, kucatshangwa ukuthi i-dumbo octopus ayinakho ukukhetha uhlobo oluthile lolwandle noma olunye.
Ngaphansi kwe- Amamitha angu-3000Ukukhanya kuyacisha futhi amazinga okushisa akwazi ukuhambahamba 2 °CIngcindezi ikhona izikhathi ezingamakhulukhulu ebusweni. Noma kunjalo, ama-octopus ama-dumbo asekoloni izindawo kwalasha kusuka emhlabeni wonke, namarekhodi asuka ku-400 kuya ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-7000 ukujula ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zohlobo.
Ingqophamlando yakamuva kwaba ukubona oLwandle lwase-Argentina e-Mar del Plata Submarine Canyon, ebangeni elingamamitha angu-3781, ngenxa yemoto engenamuntu (I-ROV SuBastian) eqhutshwa yiSchmidt Ocean Institute kanye nochwepheshe abavela I-CONICET futhi i I-INIDEPOkubonwayo kubonise isampula ebomvana ihamba kahle phezu kwenhlabathi, iqinisekisa ubukhona bayo bendawo. ngaphandle kokuyikhipha endaweni ezungezile, enikeza ulwazi oluthembekile mayelana nokuziphatha kwabo.
Ucwaningo oluthakazelisayo
- Ukubuka okungahlanyisi kugwema ukuhlanekezela kombala nokuma okwenzeka ngemva kokubanjwa, ukutholwa idatha engokoqobo.
- Imvelo ekwalasha kakhulu ye-canyon iye yembula ezinye izinhlobo ezigqamayo (izinkanyezi) I-Hippasteria, ukhukhamba olwandle olunsomi), okubonisa a ukwehlukahlukana okukhulu kusazobhalwa.
- Kulinganiselwa ukuthi siyazi ngaphansi kuka-10% ngalokho okwenzeka ekujuleni kolwandle.
Ukulondolozwa kwe-dumbo octopus
Abantu abakwazi ukwenza okuthile ekujuleni okukhulu lapho kuhlala khona lesi silwane. Ngakho-ke, abakwazi ukusongela ngokuqondile ukusinda kwayo. Nokho, kunjalo okusongelwa kakhulu imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwenyuka kwamazinga okushisa olwandle. Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi Lokhu futhi kuyinkinga, njengoba imfucuza ingakhukhuleka iye endaweni yazo.
Ukuze uphile, udinga ama-octocoral anempilo enhle ukuze ezinsikazi zizalele amaqanda azo. Lawa makhorali nawo ayathinteka ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka imithelela engaqondile njengokwenza i-asidi, ukwanda kwe-microplastics, ukuchithwa kwe-sedimentation kusuka emisebenzini yokukhipha, kanye nokudonsa phansi emithambekeni engakwazi shintsha i-substrate kanye nokululaza izindawo zokukhosela ezibalulekile.
Njengamanje, izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zohlobo azikho ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwengozi, ngokwengxenye ngenxa ye ukushoda kwamarekhodiYingakho izinhlelo ezihlanganayo amarobhothi angaphansi kwamanziImifanekiso yezokwelashwa, ukuhlaziya izakhi zofuzo, kanye nemithethonqubo engahlanyisi kubaluleke kakhulu: kusivumela ukuba sandise ulwazi lwethu ngaphandle kokuthinta abantu ngabanye noma indawo yabo ezungezile, futhi inikeza isisekelo esiqinile izinyathelo zokuvikela uma bekudingekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lokusebenzisana phakathi kwezikhungo ze-oceanographic namanyuvesi lukhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka chaza izinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane ye-deep-sea megafauna ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa, igcina izibonelo zezifundo zesikhathi esizayo. Icala lika Grimpoteuthis imperator Kuyisibonelo esihle sokuthi ubuchwepheshe kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha zesayensi zivula kanjani izindlela zokuqonda kangcono imvelo ngaphandle kokuyilimaza.
Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lukusiza ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne-dumbo octopus namaqiniso ayo athakazelisayo. Njengoba ungase ubone, isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ukwakheka kwayo, nendlela yokuphila ebumnyameni basolwandle kuyahlangana ukuvumelanisa okumangalisayo -igazi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amaphiko amise okwendlebe, ulwelwesi olufana nesambulela, ukungabi bikho kukayinki imikhuba ehlakaniphile esesiqala ukuyibona manje ngokucacile ngenxa yamathuluzi esimanje kanye nohambo olungenamthelela omncane.
