El i-clownfish, wegama lesayensi i-amphiprion ocellaris, ingenye yezilwane eziqashelwa kakhulu, ezithandwayo nezithakazelisa kakhulu emhlabeni wasemanzini. Umzimba wayo osawolintshi okhanyayo, omhlophe, nomnyama, ukuziphatha kwayo okuhlukile kokubhukuda, kanye nobudlelwano bayo obuthakazelayo nama-anemone kuyenze intandokazi phakathi kwama-aquarists anolwazi nabaqalayo. Ukudlondlobala kwayo ekudumeni kwamazwe ngamazwe kwavela ikakhulukazi ngenxa yefilimu ethi "Finding Nemo," lapho ukubukeka kwayo okunobungane kwakhanga izigidi zababukeli.
Uma uzibuza indlela yokunakekela i-clownfish, ezikudlayo, indlela eziziphatha ngayo, yiziphi izifo ezingase zibe nazo, nokuthi iyini indawo ekahle ukuze baphile ukuphila okunempilo nokujabulisayo. Lapha uzothola konke odinga ukukwazi, ukuhlanganisa ulwazi lobuchwepheshe, iseluleko esisebenzayo, namaqiniso athakazelisayo asekelwa ulwazi olungochwepheshe kanye nedatha yakamuva kakhulu.
Ukuhlukaniswa, izinhlobo nezici zomzimba ze-Clownfish
I-clownfish ingeye-oda I-Perciform, umndeni I-Pomacentridae kanye ne-subfamily AmphiprioninaeLeli qembu lihlanganisa abathile 30 izinhlobo ezahlukene de peces ukushaya umoya, ngalinye linamaphethini nemibala ehlukile, nakuba okuwolintshi nokumhlophe kuyisakhiwo sodumo. Ubudlelwano babo be-symbiotic nama-anemones nabo bubenzele igama Inhlanzi ye-Anemone.
- i-amphiprion ocellaris (I-Nemo): Ibanga lemibala eliwolintshi, elimhlophe nelimnyama, amabhendi abanzi nokusabalalisa kwe-Indo-Pacific, kuvame kakhulu ku-aquaristics.
- i-amphiprion percula: Ifana ne-ocellaris kodwa enamabhande amnyama agqame kakhudlwana azungeze imigqa emhlophe.
- I-Amphiprion frenatus (Tomato clownfish): Umbala obomvu ojulile noma owolintshi onomugqa owodwa omhlophe ngemuva kwamehlo.
- Amphiprion clarkii (Clark's clownfish): Imibala ehlukahlukene namabhendi, kusukela kophuzi kuye kwabamnyama nemithende emibili noma emithathu emhlophe.
Ngokuqondene nosayizi wabo, i-clownfish ivame ukukala phakathi 10 futhi 18cm. I abesifazane bahlala bebakhudlwana, igcina ukubusa kweqembu. Ubude bokuphila kwabo buhluka phakathi Iminyaka ye-5 ne-14 kuya ngokuthi baphila enkululekweni noma ekuthunjweni.
Akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezinemibala efanayo: kunezinhlobonhlobo zamathunzi ophuzi, obomvu, opinki, onsundu, ngisho nomnyama, okunikeza ukuhlukahluka okukhulu okubonakalayo kuma-aquariums.
Isikhumba se-clownfish simbozwe ungqimba olukhethekile lwamafinyila okwenza kube avikeleke ebuhlungu obuhlabayo be-anemonesLokhu kusho ukuthi ingaphephela phakathi kwamatende ayo ngaphandle kokulimala, kuyilapho ezinye izinhlanzi zizothinteka.
Indawo yemvelo kanye nokuziphatha kwe-symbiotic ne-anemone
El indawo yemvelo I-clownfish itholakala emanzini angashoni asezindaweni ezishisayo Izixhobo zamakhorali, isatshalaliswa kulo lonke elasePacific Ocean, i-Indo-Pacific, i-Red Sea kanye ne-Great Australian Barrier Reef. Zincamela izindawo ezinomsinga ophansi noma ophakathi nendawo futhi phakathi kwemitha eyi-1 kanye ne-15 ukushona, lapho kuneziningi khona ama-anemones olwandle abakha ngabo ubudlelwano obuthakazelisa kakhulu be-symbiotic emvelweni.
I-Mutualistic Symbiosis Umehluko phakathi kwe-clownfish ne-anemonefish ukuthi inhlanzi ithola isivikelo ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye futhi iyindawo ephephile yokuzalana. Ngenxa yolwelwesi lwamafinyila oluvikelayo, inganyakaza kalula phakathi kwamatende ahlabayo. Ngokubuyisela, inhlanzi ibuyisela lesi sivikelo ngamafosholo:
- Iqeda izinsalela zokudla kanye nama-parasites we-anemone, ukuyigcina ihlanzekile futhi inempilo.
- Sus udoti wendle usebenza njengezakhamzimba okwe-anemone.
- Ivimbela izilwane ezidla ezinye ze-anemone, iyivikele ekuhlaselweni.
Ubudlelwano busungulwa kancane kancane, njengoba izinhlanzi ezisanda kuzalwa zingenalo ulwelwesi lwamafinyila olukhethekile futhi kufanele luthuthuke kancane kancane “ngomdanso” we-anemone, okuvumela bobabili ukuthi bazijwayeze futhi bagweme ukusabela kokuzivikela.
Ukondla: Ukudla endle nasekuthunjweni
El i-clownfish iyi-omnivorous futhi inokudla okujwayelane nokuphila kwasendle kanye nase-aquarium yasekhaya.
Ukudla emvelweni
- Ama-mollusk amancane, ama-crustaceans, i-zooplankton kanye nezilwane ezingenamgogodla zasolwandle.
- Izinsalela zezilwane kanye ne-detritus efakwe emanzini.
- I-algae, izitshalo zasolwandle kanye ne-plankton lokho kuhambisana nokudla kwabo.
- Izimuncagazi kanye nemfucuza yokudla evela ku-anemone, ukuvala umjikelezo we-symbiosis.
Ukudla ku-aquarium yasekhaya
- Ukudla okuvela ezilwaneni: ama-squid, izimbaza eziphekiwe, izimfanzi ezihlutshiwe, ingwane, inhlanzi emhlophe, amaqhude, ama-crustaceans, ama-brine shrimp, izikelemu eziphilayo, ama-copepods nama-mysids.
- Tshala ukudla: isipinashi esiphekiwe kanye ne-chard, ukhula lwasolwandle noma ukudla kwezitshalo okomisiwe.
- Isiphakeli esomile sekhwalithi ephezulu (ama-pellets athile nama-flakes ezinhlanzi zasolwandle) ahlinzeka ngamavithamini namaminerali abalulekile.
- Ukudla okuqandisiwe njengemfanzi kanye ne-krill, elungele ukuhlukahluka kanye nokucebisa ukudla.
- Ukudla okuphilayo ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze bakhuthaze umuzwa wabo wemvelo wokuphanga.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ukudla kube ngokulinganiselayo futhi ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzala, ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okulungile kwamaqanda kanye gazinga.
Izimo ze-aquarium ezifanelekile kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe
- Ivolumu encane enconyiwe: Amalitha angu-75 i-clownfish ngayinye, nakuba ithangi elinamalitha angu-150 noma ngaphezulu lilungele izibonelo ezimbili. Uma ufuna ukugcina iqembu, ivolumu kufanele inyuswe ukuze ugweme ukulwa kwezindawo.
- Ukushisa kwamanzi: phakathi kuka-24 no-27 °C, kulingisa izimo ezishisayo zendawo yazo.
- I-pH efanelekile: 7,8 kuya ku-8,4, okuhambisana namanzi asolwandle ane-alkali kancane.
- Usawoti: 1.020 kuya ku-1.026 amandla adonsela phansi athile.
- Isibani: Amahora angu-9-10 emini, okungcono kube nezibani ezithile zezindawo zasolwandle, kanye namahora angu-14 obumnyama.
- I-substrate nomhlobiso: Isihlabathi esihle noma amatshe, amatshe amaningi aphilayo, futhi, uma kungenzeka, ama-anemone ahambisanayo futhi anempilo. Kunconywa izindawo zokukhosela zemvelo nezindawo zokucasha.
- Ukuhlunga okusebenzayo: amasistimu okuhlunga emishini kanye nawebhayoloji agcina amanzi enomoya-mpilo, ehlanzekile futhi engenazo iziqongo ze-ammonia noma ama-nitrites.
Ukuhambisana, ukuziphatha kanye nesakhiwo somphakathi
I-Clownfish injalo indawo kakhulu futhi ingaba nolaka kokubili nge-conspecifics kanye nezinye izinhlobo, ikakhulukazi uma ziqhudelana ngama-anemone noma indawo.
- I-Monogamous kanye ne-hierarchical: Iqembu liphethwe owesifazane omkhulu kunabo bonke. Uma owesifazane efa, owesilisa ovelele ushintsha ubulili ukuze athathe indawo yakhe.
- Ukuhambisana: Kungcono ukugcina ipheya noma iqembu elincane kuphela emanzini amakhulu. Ukugcina amadoda amaningana amakhulu ndawonye akunconywa, ngoba angangena ezimpini ezinzima.
- Izinhlobo ezihambisanayo: Ama-damselfish, ama-damselfish, ama-gobies, ama-blennies, i-surgeonfish, i-angelfish, ne-loreto gramma. Gwema izilwane ezidla ezinye noma izinhlobo ezinkulu, ezinolaka.
Lokhu kuziphatha kukhuthaza ukuvikelwa kwe-anemone nokuzinza kweqembu, ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yokuzala kanye nokuhlalisana okufanele ku-aquarium.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha: Ukwakheka ngababili kanye nokuzalanisa ekuthunjweni
I-clownfish a protandrous hermaphrodite, okusho ukuthi bonke bazalwa besilisa futhi oyedwa kuphela oba ngowesifazane ekuvuthweni. imibhangqwana eshadile uzinze kakhulu.
- Insikazi ikhetha indawo yokubeka, ngokuvamile indawo ehlanzekile eduze ne-anemone.
- Owesifazane ufaka phakathi 1000 kanye 3000 amaqanda ngokubeka. Iduna liwavundisa ngaphandle futhi unomthwalo wemfanelo wokufaka umoya-mpilo kanye nokuwavikela izinsuku ezingu-9-10, okuyisikhathi sokufukamela.
- Ngemva kokuchanyuselwa, izibungu zintanta ngokukhululekile futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ziqala ukuthuthukisa umbala ovamile namaphethini omuntu omdala.
- Angakhuliswa ekuthunjweni ngempumelelo eyandayo, ngenxa yentuthuko ye-aquariophilia, ngokugwema ukubanjwa kwezilwane zasendle nokusiza ekulondolozeni inani labantu bemvelo.
Ukunakekelwa, ukunakekelwa kanye namathiphu e-aquarium enempilo
- ukunakekelwa okuvamile: Izinguquko zamanzi zamasonto onke ze-10-20%, ukuhlanza ingilazi nangaphansi, ukuhlola nokufaka izihlungi esikhundleni.
- Imingcele yamanzi: ukuqapha njalo izinga lokushisa, usawoti, i-pH, i-ammonia, amazinga e-nitrite ne-nitrate.
- Ukuhlanza udoti wokudla kanye nokususwa kolwelwe kanye nemfucuza ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubhebhetheka kwezifo.
- Gwema ukuminyana: hlinzeka ngendawo eyanele kanye nezindawo zokucasha ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka nolaka.
- Ukuhlukaniswa de peces okusha: Kubalulekile ukugwema ukwethulwa kwamagciwane ngama-specimens amasha.
- Izindawo zokucasha nezindawo zokukhosela: Umhlobiso kufanele uhlanganise izindawo zokuvikela nokuphumula, ukulingisa indawo yemvelo.
Izifo ezivamile nokuvimbela
I-clownfish iqinile, kodwa ingathinteka ezifweni ezihlukahlukene zasolwandle:
- I-Marine Ich (indawo emhlophe): Amabala amhlophe emzimbeni, ubunzima bokuphefumula. Ukwelashwa: izinga lokushisa elilawulwayo, imithi ethile, nokuhlanza i-aquarium.
- I-Brooklynella (isifo esikhethekile ku-clownfish): I-Lethargy, izinkinga zokuphefumula, nokulahlekelwa umbala. Ukwelashwa: ukuvalelwa yedwa, izindawo zokugeza ze-formalin, nokulawula okuqinile kwamanzi.
- Fin rot: Imiphetho evuvukele futhi eyonakele. Ukwelashwa: Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yamanzi futhi usebenzise ama-antibiotic athile.
- Ukutheleleka kwe-bacterial and fungal: izilonda, ukushintsha kombala, nokukhathala.
- Izinyathelo zokuqapha: Gcina ukuhlanzeka kwe-aquarium, gwema ukuminyana, hlukanisa izibonelo ezintsha, hlinzeka ngokudla okufanele, imingcele eqinile, futhi unciphise ingcindezi (nikeza izindawo zokucasha futhi ugweme ukuphatha kabi).
- Isifo se-Brooklinella: Kudinga ukunakwa ngokushesha njengoba kungabulala. Kubalulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha futhi uhlukanise isifanekiso esithintekile ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.
Ukukhetha, intengo nokuthenga okunesibopho
Lapho uthola i-clownfish, ibalulekile khetha izibonelo ezifuywayo futhi uye kubathengisi abakhethekile, abathembekile. Izinhlanzi ezifuywayo zizivumelanisa kangcono nezindawo zasemanzini zasekhaya, zinezifo eziphansi, futhi azifaki isandla ekuxhashazweni kwezixhobo zemvelo.
- Inani ngekhophi ngayinye: phakathi kwama-euro ayi-16 nama-26, kuye ngombala, usayizi nemvelaphi.
- Intengo yesisetshenziswa esiyisisekelo: Izinsiza zekhwalithi zasolwandle zasolwandle (isihlungi, isifudumezi, izibani, nosawoti wasolwandle) zisukela ku-€120 kuya ku-€150 ku-25-45 wamalitha wezindawo zasolwandle, nakuba amandla amakhulu etuswa ukuze kube nokuzinza okukhulu.
- I-Rock ebukhoma nezinsiza: phakathi kwama-euro ayi-10 nama-20 ngekhilogremu, kuye ngekhwalithi nokuvuthwa.
Ukuthenga ngendlela efanele kuhlanganisa nokwaziswa kahle mayelana nokunakekelwa okudingekayo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesikhathi eside zezinhlanzi zakho.
I-clownfish ngokungangabazeki ingenye yezinkanyezi ezinkulu zomhlaba we-aquarium ngenxa yobuhle bayo, umlando wayo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ubudlelwano bayo obumangalisayo be-symbiotic nama-anemones, kanye nokuziphatha kwayo okuyingqayizivele komphakathi. Ngokunikeza indawo efanelekayo, ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuqapha impilo, nokugwema ukucindezeleka, ungakwazi ukujabulela lezi zinhlanzi eziyingqayizivele iminyaka eminingi futhi unikele ekulondolozweni kwazo. Ukubukeka kwabo okumibalabala, ukubhukuda okumnandi, kanye nempilo yenhlalo ethokozisayo kubenza bafaneleke kokubili ochwepheshe nabaqalayo, inqobo nje uma bephathwa ngomthwalo wemfanelo wonke ophilayo owufanele.