Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo oluyingqayizivele lwezinhlanzi ezinhlobo zazo ezingaphila endaweni yasolwandle nasemanzini ahlanzekile. Imayelana ne- inaliti yenhlanzi. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi igama le-pipefish ezindaweni ezithile, nakuba kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi, uma sikhuluma nje, igama le-needlefish lisebenza ezinhlotsheni ze-needlefish. umndeni waseBelonidae, kuyilapho okuthiwa i-pipefish ingeye- umndeni Syngnathidae, okuhlobene nama-seahorses. Ezifundeni eziningi, nokho, womabili amagama asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlanzini ezinemizimba emide namakhala amancane. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko, sizohlukanisa ngokucacile phakathi kwamaqembu amabili lapho kufanele khona.
Ingowomndeni wakwa-Belonidae futhi, esikhundleni sokuba uhlobo olulodwa, leli gama lihlanganisa isizukulwane nezinhlobo eziningi izici ezivamile. Kulo mndeni zonke izinhlanzi zibonakala kakhulu ngokuba nomzimba omude kanye nemihlathi enwetshiwe enoqhwaku olude olugcwele amazinyo amahle, abukhali.
Kulesi sihloko ungafunda konke mayelana ne-needlefish: izici, indawo yokuhlala, ukondla, ukuzala, ukudoba, umehluko nge-pipefish nolwazi olusebenzayo lokuzigcina ekuthunjweni.
Izici eziyinhloko
Lezi zinhlanzi zine umzimba omude kakhulu futhi babe namakhala abekwe emgodini phambi kwamehlo abo. Inezinye amaphiko amafushane e-pectoral uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlanzi, futhi i-dorsal ne-anal fins zitholakala ngemuva komzimba, endaweni sekwephuzile kakhulu, okuthuthukisa ukuzinza ngesivinini esiphezulu eduze kwendawo.
Ungumnikazi a umugqa we-ventral lateral egijima umzimba wonke. Lo mugqa uqala ephikweni le- pectoral futhi weqe iflenki endaweni engezansi. Iyethula izikali ezincane ze-cycloid ezisuka kalula ngokushesha nje lapho kuba nokungqubuzana noma ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwejubane.
Ziyizilwane ezihlala eduze kwamanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, banombala oguqulelwe endaweni yabo. Okusho ukuthi, ngokuvamile ziyi-shades of eluhlaza noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emhlane y isiliva noma imhlophe esiswini. Akuvamile ukuthi babonise a ibhande elimnyama okwesibhakabhaka noma elimnyama eceleni. Umugqa oqondile we-ventral ungabonakala nge-blue hue.
Ithiphu ye umhlathi ophansi Kuyinto, ezimweni eziningi, inyama futhi umbala osawolintshi noma obomvuNgenxa yoqhwaku lwazo olude, olunamazinyo amaningi, zingabamba inyamazane ngokushesha okukhulu nangokunemba phezulu.
Ngokuqondene nosayizi, kunokuhlukahluka okukhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane: ezinye izingwane zasemanzini ahlanzekile aziweqi neze 7 cm, kuyilapho izinhlobo ezinkulu zasolwandle zingafinyelela ngaphezu 1 m (ngisho kuze kube 140 cm noma ngaphezulu kolunye uhlobo). Ezindaweni eziningi ezisogwini, nokho, akuvamile ukuthola ama-specimens eduze 40 cm.
Njenge-bony fish, babelana ngokujwayela okujwayelekile: ukuphefumula kwegill, izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliguquguqukayo (ama-ectotherms), ithambo lamathambo y amaphiko ezisebenza njengama-appendages e-locomotion. Ukwengeza, umzimba wabo omude kanye nokuhleleka kwangemuva komhlane kanye ne-anal fins kuthanda a ukubhukuda okuqondile nokusheshayo eduze kakhulu neshidi lamanzi.
Ubuwazi ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi ze-needlefish ziyakwazi gxuma phezu kwamanzi kuze kube yimithaLokhu kuziphatha, okungase kuzisize zibaleke izilwane ezidla ezinye noma izinto zokudoba, kuchaza ukuthi kungani ngezinye izikhathi zibonwa "zindiza" ngaphezu komhlaba.
Ububanzi nendawo okuhlala kuyo inalfishfish
Lezi zinhlanzi zinesici sazo sokusabalalisa indawo enwebeka kulo lonke I-Western Atlantic nengxenye ye- ULwandle iMedithera, njengoba ulwazi lwendabuko lwabadobi basogwini lubonisiwe. Nokho, umndeni wakwaBelonidae unjalo isatshalaliswa kabanzi ngokusebenzisa izilwandle nezilwandle amanzi afudumele napholile yeplanethi, okuhlanganisa izindawo ezisogwini lwezinye izilwandle namachweba ahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ama-spits of amanzi amasha en ENingizimu Melika y Asia, okuyingxenye yezinhlobo zezwekazi.
Ngokuvamile zisuka ogwini ziye emabangeni aphakathi futhi zisondela lapho izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka wamanzi entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ebusika, abantu abaningi abasogwini bayafudukela amanzi ajulileEnkathini efudumele, ukubuka kwabo nokubamba kuba lula ngenxa yokugxila kwabo ngaphakathi amapheshana asogwini kanye namachweba.
Ngokukhethekile, indawo yayo yemvelo itholakala amanzi angaphezulu avulekile ngethonya pelagic, nakuba Bakhona emachwebeni, imisele kanye nezindawo ezisogwini ezinamanzi ahlanzekile. Ezinhlelweni zezwekazi elishisayo, izinhlobo ezithile zikhetha izifundo eziphakeme naphakathi emifuleni, enamanzi ane-oxygen eningi.
Lapho bebhukuda ngokwakheka amabhentshi ahlangene, isethi idala ukugeleza kwesici emanzini, okulula ukukubona kubadobi abanolwazi. Uma inhlanzi bagxumele phezulu, ukuhlonzwa kwamabhange kuba sobala nakakhulu.
Ukuziphatha, ukuhamba ngezinyawo nokuphepha
Ama-stingrays asolwandle ababhukudi abasheshayo ezigada phezulu zifuna inyamazane, zisizakala nge-hydrodynamic silhouette yazo. Ngokuphambene, izinhlobo eziningana zezwekazi zihamba nazo ukunyakaza okuzolile, ukuhlala uhlakaniphile phakathi kwezimila noma imisinga emaphakathi.
Kuye kwabhalwa izehlakalo ezingazodwa lapho ezinye izilonda ziye zabangela ukulimala lapho kugxuma. amanxeba kubantu abaphezulu. Nakuba kuwumcimbi akuvamile kakhulu, kuhle ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ngesikhathi ukudoba ebusuku noma ukuzulazula ezindaweni ezinamabhange aminyene: ukuphatha izibani ezanele, ukugwema ukucwayiza izinhlanzi kanye nokugcina ibanga eliphephile kunciphisa amathuba okuba netwetwe.
Ukondla nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-pipefish
I-pipefish inhlanzi esidla inyama ukudla okuyinhloko nokuncane kakhulu kwabancane ama-anchovies nama-sardineLezi zinhlanzi zinezindlela ezingcono zokuzingela ezizivumela ukuba zizidle njengezinkabi.
Ngaphandle kwama-anchovies amancane, avame ukudla ezinye izilwane ezifana ama-crustaceans, ama-molluscs nezinye izinhlanzi ezincane. Kodwa-ke, okokuqala akungabazeki ukuthi yisidlo sakhe esithandayo. Ukudoba inaliti Kulula kakhulu uma ufaka ukudla okudliwayo okungaba ukudla kwayo kwemvelo.
Ku-belonids yasolwandle, isu lokuzingela lisekelwe isivinini nokuhlasela kwezinhlangothi usebenzisa uqhwaku olunamazinyo, olufana nolo lwe ezinye ze-barracudas, kuyilapho i-pipefish (Syngnathidae), lapho yabelana ngendawo yokuhlala, idla ngokusebenzisa a ukumunca okuqondile ukusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo umlomo wayo we-tubular, ukuthumba umabhebhana nama-crustaceans amancane. Ezinye izinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile ezidume ngokuthi yi-needlefish nazo zibonisa ukudla okugcwele ama-crustaceans amancane nezibungu.
Ngokuphathelene nokuzala kwayo, i-belonid needlefish iyayixosha amaqanda emanzini angashoni lapho kukhona inala ulwelwe noma izinto ezintantayo abangabambelela kukho. Amaqanda alinganiselwa ku-3 mm. kanye namanje ama-filaments noma ama-tendrils okwenza kube lula ukulungiswa kwazo, zihlale zinamathele kuze kube yilapho zichanyuselwa. Abancane bazalwa bebukeka besitayela kodwa yabo uqhwaku lwethambo ithuthuka ngokuqhubekayo.
Ku-pipefish (isb., I-Syngnathus), ukukhiqiza kuveza ububodwa: kungu owesilisa ulayini ekufukamela amaqanda ku-a isikhwama se-incubator noma ngaphansi kokugoqa kwe-ventral kuze kube yilapho kuzalwe amaphuphu aphelele. Lesi sici senze leli qembu laduma "ngokukhulelwa okungamanga" koyise futhi lihlukanisa ngokucacile ama-sygnathid kuma-nightshade.
Indawo yokusabalalisa yezwekazi kanye nezibonelo zezinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile
Ngaphezu kwamafomu olwandle, kukhona ama-continental spurs emazwenikazi ahlukene. ENingizimu Melika Kunezinhlobo zemifula namachibi ezingafinyelela osayizi abajwayelekile mayelana ne-20-25 cm, okubonisa ukuziphatha kwe-pelagic ku-headwaters noma izingxenye ezimaphakathi nokudla nge ama-crustaceans asemanzini njengengxenye eyinhloko. Ku Asia, isizukulwane samanzi ahlanzekile sihlanganisa izinhlobo zase-Southeast Asia ezijwayelwe izindawo ezishisayo futhi ezithobile.
Endaweni yaseMedithera nasempumalanga ye-Atlantic, yaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi inaliti yomfula ku-sygnathid ehambisana nayo izindawo ezisogwini, amachweba namachweba nezimila ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Kuyinhlanzi ye imikhuba ehlakaniphile, exhunywe eduze izimfunda zasolwandle kanye nama-macroalgae, adla kakhulu umabhebhana. Ukuzwela kwakho ku- ukungcola Ukulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala kakade kwenza kube i-bioindicator enhle.
Ukudoba iMarlin
Cishe emhlabeni wonke, ukudoba inaliti sekukhona intshisekelo enkulu yokuhweba, njengase- inkosi yenhlanziBathunjwa kusetshenziswa indlela ye Hudula noma nge isikhwama sesine amanetha phezulu, lapho izikole zigxile khona. Lapho ezungezwe, ama-specimens azama ukuphunyuka futhi thandela kalula ngenxa yokuma kwayo okude. Kukhona futhi inguqulo yendabuko nge i-phytora (i-trident) eyenziwa ebusuku, ukusizakala ngezibani ukuheha izinhlanzi zibheke esikebheni.
Ekudobeni kokungcebeleka, izinti zemvelo (izinhlanzi ezincane noma ama-crustaceans) zisetshenziswa eduze nendawo kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zamanzi ahlanzekile nasogwini, ngokuvamile upendeZiyizinhlanzi ezingakwazi ukumelana emgqeni ngenxa yokugijima kwakhe okunamandla kanye nezinguquko zendlela lapho egxuma.
Kubhekwa njengento ewuju ngenxa yayo inyama emnandi kanye nomnikelo we omega-3 fatty acidsNokho, abanye abantu bayayigwema ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe ama-ossicle amahle umbala oluhlaza okotshani. Inani ngokuvamile lisukela I-10 kanye ne-15 euro ngekhilo, yingakho ngezinye izikhathi igcinelwe izikhathi ezikhethekile.
Ukupheka le nhlanzi udinga ukwazi izinto ezimbalwa kuqala. Ukulungiswa kwayo kulula kakhulu njengoba ine ameva amakhulu ambalwa; into ekhandla kakhulu ukuzivumelanisa nayo i-longated morphology uma ifakwe. Kungaphekwa izitsha ezinhle ezithosiwe noma ezithosiwe. Okukheniwe (okwaziwa ngokuthi ukujikijela kabusha kwezinye izindawo), isetshenziswa ku amasaladi y ukudla okulula ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kanye ne-flavour eqinile; kuphekwe ku ngentukuthelo Igcina izakhiwo zayo kanye ne-juiciness kahle.
I-Needlefish Care
Uma izinhlanzi sezilethwe endle zayiswa echibini noma e-aquarium, zingaba imelana impela futhi achume ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Nokho, kubalulekile ukubheka izimpawu ze ukutheleleka ngegciwane: izinhlanzi akufanele zibonise ifu emehlweni, isikhumba noma amaphiko, noma ukuphefumula ngokushesha okukhulu.
Futhi, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi isilwane asikho kugcizelelweUkuguquka kusuka endaweni yemvelo kuhle kakhulu uma kufakwe abantu abanomqondo ofanayo noma izinhlobo ezihlobene ezinokuziphatha okuzolile. Izibonelo ezifuywe ezibanjiwe zijwayele ukujwayela kangcono kunalezo ezithathwe endle.
Ukondla i-needlefish ekuthunjweni
Ekuthunjweni, badinga a ukudla okuhlukahlukene de ukudla bukhoma noma ikhwalithi eqandisiwe. Kuhle ukubeka phambili izinto eziphilayo ze imvelaphi yasolwandle ngomcebo walo ku amafutha e-unsaturated kakhulu. Uma kusetshenziswa amadamu amanzi ahlanzekile, kuyancomeka ukunothisa namavithamini (isibonelo, uvithamini C) kanye nezithasiselo ze-HUFA.
Izinketho ezivamile zihlanganisa ama-amphipods, ama-copepods, mysis, i-artemia (i-nauplii kanye nabantu abadala), izimpungushe izimpungushe, imfanzi yesipoki o izimfanzi ezibomvu usayizi olingana nomlomo wenhlanzi. Ama-Syngnathids ahlomula ezilwaneni ezincane ezishukumisayo ukudla okubonakalayo kanye nemithamo eminingana yansuku zonke.
Izidingo zethangi
Isethaphu efaneleke kakhulu ye-marine needlefish iyi-aquarium engu-1/2". Amanzi kasawoti con amatshe, utshani basolwandle kanye nezindawo zokukhosela (imihume nezilenge) eziphindaphinda indawo ezizungezile. Zigcinwa kahle kakhulu imibhangqwana noma amaqembu amancane. Ububanzi be lokushisa okunconyiwe cishe phakathi 22 ºC no-25 ºC (ilingana no-72–77 ºF). I pH elilungile ngokuvamile phakathi I-8.1 ne-8.4, nge i-alkalinity okulingene futhi amandla adonsela phansi athile okujwayelekile kwetilosi (1.020-1.025). A ukukhanyisa ngokwanele kwenza kube lula kubo ukuthola inyamazane yabo, njengoba kunjalo amakamelo okudlela abonwayo.
Ukukhiqiza kanye nomjikelezo wempilo
Ku-marine belonids, ukukhwelana kuvame ukugxila izinkathi ezifudumele. Amaqanda, ka ngo 3 mm, vumelana ne ulwelwe noma izinto ezintantayo sibonga imicu. I ukuchanyuselwa kwenzeka phakathi kwezinsuku noma amasonto ambalwa, kuye ngezinga lokushisa, futhi izingane ziqala ukudla plankton nama-microcrustaceans kuze kube yiwo ukuphakama futhi amazinyo akhule ngokugcwele ukuze abambe izinhlanzi.
Ku-sygnathids, insikazi idlulisela amaqanda ku- owesilisa, ebafukamela esakhiweni se-ventral amasonto ambalwa, ngemva kwalokho abancane bayazalwa yakheke kahle futhi izimele. Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-pipefish, i- ukuvuthwa ngokocansi ingafinyelelwa kusenesikhathi futhi yayo impilo ende ngokuvamile imaphakathi.
I-Taxonomy kanye nomkhakha omele
Izinaliti (Belonidae) zihlanganisa inqwaba yezinhlobo zihlelwe zaba izizukulwane eziningana ezikhona olwandle olufudumele nolupholile futhi, ngokwezinga elincane, emanzini asezwekazini. Phakathi kwabamele kakhulu kukhona:
- Ablennes: ama-stingray asolwandle asakazwa kabanzi, azacile ngosayizi kanye nokuziphatha kwe-pelagic.
- Belone: evamile empumalanga ye-Atlantic, iMedithera kanye noLwandle Olumnyama; umzimba ozacile kanye nomhlathi ongezansi othi mude.
- I-Belonion: izinaliti ze amanzi amasha INingizimu Melika.
- I-Petalichthys: izinhlobo ezingaphansi kosayizi omaphakathi, ezinombala osiliva-blue.
- I-Platybelone: uhlobo oluthile lwasolwandle olunomzimba omude noqhwaku olucijile.
- I-Potamorrhaphis: imifula namachibi e ENingizimu Melika; ezinye izinhlobo zikhona 20-25 cm futhi udle ama-crustaceans amancane.
- I-Pseudotylosurus: Uzalo lwamanzi ahlanzekile aseNingizimu Melika.
- I-Strongylura: ama-stingrays avamile anokusabalalisa okubanzi; izinhlobo ezisogwini nezinye izinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile.
- I-Tylosurus: ngokuvamile osolwandle, ka usayizi omkhulu nomzimba omude kakhulu.
- Xenentodon: izinaliti ze amanzi amasha en Asia, nemikhuba ekha phezulu.
Ngokuhambisanayo, okuthiwa "i-pipefish" yi-sygnathids (I-Syngnathus, Nerophis nokuhlobene), nge umzimba wenyoka, izindandatho ezinamathambo esikhundleni sezikali, ubuso be-tubular kanye nokungabikho kwama-pelvic fins, ahluke kakhulu kuma-Belonidae naphezu kokufana kwamagama awo avamile.
Indlela yokubona i-pipefish evela ku-marlin
I-needlefish yomfula noma i-pipefish yamanzi asogwini/i-estuarine ngokuvamile iyakala ngaphansi kuka-15 cm, izipho umbala onsundu noma ompunga ngemifanekiso esagolide noma eluhlaza okotshani kanye a ukunyakaza kancane sibonga i-dorsal fin. Icasha phakathi izimila ezingaphansi kwamanzi futhi kuyaqabukela aphambukele kude nayo. Ukudla kwayo kugxile kukho umabhebhana kanye nama-microcrustaceans, owesilisa uyafukamela amaqanda.
Ngokuphambene, i-pipefish yasolwandle ejwayelekile (belonid) ibonisa a isiliva elikhanyayo i-ventral, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma eluhlaza imiphetho, eyodwa umugqa we-ventral lateral imakwe kahle noqhwaku olugcwele amazinyo athumba ngayo izinhlanzi ezincane ngesivinini esikhulu eduze kwendawo.
Njengesikhumbuzo esisebenzayo: uma ubona inhlanzi ezacile kakhulu, ensundu, nge izindandatho emzimbeni kanye umlomo we-tubular ngaphandle kwamazinyo abonakalayo, ubheka i-pipefish; uma kuyisiliva futhi emangelengele, enoqhwaku olude olucwebezelayo, inyonyane yasolwandle.
Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lukusiza ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nale nhlanzi. Lokhu okuqukethwe kuhlanganisa izici ezibalulekile ze-needlefish, indawo yayo yokuhlala nokudla, kuhlukanisa izinhlobo zayo zasolwandle nezasezwekazini, kuchaza ukuzala kwayo kanye nokudoba kwayo kanye nesithakazelo sokupheka, futhi kuhlanganisa namathiphu awusizo okugcinwa kwayo. ukubhekwa nokugcinwa ngendlela efanele ku-aquarium lapho kufanele khona.
