Uyayazi inhlanzi I-Corydoras? Uma ungumthandi we-aquarium, cishe uke wezwa ngalezi zinhlanzi ezincane ezaziwa ngezazo indima ebalulekile ekugcineni inhlanzeko ngaphansi kwe-aquarium. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuba umhlahlandlela ophelele kakhulu nowakamuva we-Corydoras, ohlanganisa imvelaphi yazo, izici, izinhlobo ezinconyiwe, imikhuba, ukuziphatha, ukuhambisana, ukunakekelwa, ukuphakela, ukuzala, ukuphila isikhathi eside, nokunye okuningi, ukuhlanganisa lonke ulwazi lwakamuva nolufanele kakhulu ukunakekela ngokucophelela laba bambisene abathakazelisayo bokugcinwa kwamanzi.
Umsuka, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokusabalalisa kwendawo
I-Las I-Corydoras bayingxenye yomndeni I-Callichthyidae, ehlukaniswe yaba imindeni emincane emibili: UCallichthyinae y I-Coridoradinae. Ungathola izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu njenge I-Aspidoras, i-Brochis, i-Callichthys, i-Corydoras, i-Dianema y I-Hoplosternum. Olohlobo I-Corydoras zikhona izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-150 ezihlukanisiwe (eminye imithombo ikhuluma ngamanani aphezulu) futhi okungenani angama-30 namanje ayikacaciswanga. Lokhu kwehlukahlukana okungavamile kubanika a ukwenza izinto ezihlukahlukene okungenakuqhathaniswa ukuze kuhlanganiswe emanzini abo bonke osayizi nezitayela.
Ngokwemvelo, uCorydoras Badabuka eNingizimu Melika, isatshalaliswa kuyo yonke indawo yase-Amazon kanye nemingenela eminingi esuka eLa Plata e-Argentina kuya enyakatho yeVenezuela, okuhlanganisa iBrazil, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay kanye ne-Uruguay. Bayizakhamuzi eziyizifanekiselo zase imifula, amachweba kanye nemifudlana yamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nemisinga ehamba kancane ukuya komaphakathi, ngokuvamile ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwesihlabathi noma ezinodaka lapho zifuna khona ukudla.
Umthamo wayo omkhulu wokuzivumelanisa nezimo ibavumela ukuthi baphile emanzini anamazinga okushisa angaba phakathi kwawo 16 °C no-28 °C kuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane, okubenza bafaneleke kuzo zombili izindawo zasemanzini ezishisayo nezipholile. Ngokwesibonelo, owaziwayo I-Corydora aeneus Isakazwa cishe kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Melika, ikhombisa ipulasitiki emangalisayo lapho ibhekene nezinguquko zemvelo.
I-Corydoras: inhlanzi yangempela yokuhlanza phansi
Kunenganekwane esabalele ukuthi inhlanzi ihlanzekile phansi Ama-Corydoras "angabaqoqi bakadoti" abasusa konke ukungcola ku-aquarium bebodwa. Nokho, lo mbono awunembile ngokuphelele. Ngenkathi ama-Corydoras enyakazisa i-substrate ngama-barbels abo efuna izinsalela zokudla, Azidli indle noma imfucuza ebolayo; empeleni, ukusebenzisa le mfucumfucu kungaba yingozi empilweni yakho kanye neyase-aquarium.
Indima yayo eyinhloko ekuhlanzeni i-aquarium uku hlanganisa kahle i-substrate, esiza izinhlayiya eziphilayo ukuthi zithwetshulwe yisihlungi semishini futhi sikhuthaze ukungena komoya phansi, okuvimbela ukwakheka kokunqwabelana okunobuthi. Nokho, Azithathi indawo yokuhlanza okwenziwa ngesandla noma izinguquko ezivamile zamanzi., okuhlala kubalulekile ekugcineni i-aquarium enempilo.
Lo msebenzi "wokunakekela" ubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini atshaliwe, njengoba ukunyakaza kwawo njalo kuvimbela ulwelwe oluncane ukuthi lungazinzi kahle ezitshalweni nasemihlobiso, ngaleyo ndlela lusize ngokungaqondile gcina ukwanda kwabo ngaphansi kokulawula.
Ukuzijwayeza, i-morphology kanye nokuvikela kwemvelo
Igama I-Corydoras livela ku-greek ikhory ('isigqoko sokuzivikela') kanye ama-doras ('isikhumba'), ibhekise ngqo kusici sayo izikhali zamapuleti amathambo emaceleni azo, esikhundleni samazenga atholakala kwezinye izinhlanzi. Lezi zingcwecwe zinikeza isivikelo esiyingqayizivele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye kanye nolaka lwangaphandle.
Yethula i-morphology iguqulelwe phansi: umzimba oyisicaba nekhanda, isisu esiqondile, umlomo ubheke phansi futhi ufakwe amapheya amabili noma amathathu ezinzwa lapho behlola ngokucophelela i-substrate ukuze bathole ukudla. Ubukhulu bawo buyahluka kakhulu kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane, kusukela kuma-specimens amancane afana ne- I-Corydoras pygmaeus (2-3 cm) kuze kufike ezinhlotsheni eziphakeme kune 10 cm njenge I-Corydoras barbatusE-aquarium, bangaphila kusuka eminyakeni engu-8 kuya kwengu-12 futhi ezimeni ezihlukile, eminye imibiko inemibhalo yokuphila isikhathi eside okuphakeme.
Umbala we-Corydoras uphendula iphethini yokufihla nokujwayela indawo ezungezile. Izibonelo ezihlala ngaphansi kwesihlabathi ngokuvamile zibonisa amachashaza angavamile noma amaphethini ahlangana nengemuva, kuyilapho endaweni enodaka, amathoni ansundu noma amnyama abusa kakhulu. ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwe-chromatic kuzivumela ukuba zigweme izilwane ezizidlayo futhi zizivumelanise nezimo ezihlukahlukene zendawo yokuhlala.
Amapharamitha afanelekile we-aquarium nezimo
Ukuqinisekisa inhlalakahle ye-Corydoras yakho, kubalulekile ukuphindaphinda izimo zendawo yazo yemvelo eduze ngangokunokwenzeka:
- Ithempelesha: uhla ekahle of 22 °C kuya ku-26 °C, nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zingamelana namazinga okushisa aphansi noma aphakeme kuye ngemvelaphi yazo.
- i-pH: phakathi I-6.0 ne-7.5, ethambekele ekubhekeni i-asidi encane/engathathi hlangothi.
- Ubulukhuni: kuthambile kuya kokuqina ngokulingene, okungcono kube yi-GH phakathi I-4 ne-12.
- Isendlalelo: into efaneleke kakhulu isihlabathi esihle noma itshe eliyindilinga lokho kuvumela ukumba ngaphandle kokulimaza ama-barbs ayo. Itshe elicijile kufanele ligwenywe.
- Umhlobiso: Uhlaza oluningi (izitshalo zemvelo), izimpande, iziqu, izindawo zokucasha namaqabunga omisiwe. Ukufakwa kwama-tannins (amaqabunga, ama-alder cones, izinkuni) kusiza ukuvuselela izindawo zase-Amazonian futhi kukhuthaze umsebenzi we-Corydoras.
- Ukuhlunga: Kufanele isebenze kahle kodwa ingabangeli imisinga eyeqile. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izihlungi ezisebenza ngomshini ukuze ugweme ukuguguleka okubangelwa ukugobhoza njalo phansi.
- Amandla neqembu: okungenani amalitha angama-50. I-Corydoras onobungane, ngakho-ke kuhle ukugcina amaqembu okungenani ama-specimens angu-5-6 ukuze abheke konke ukuziphatha kwawo kwemvelo futhi agweme ukucindezeleka.
Ukuziphatha, imikhuba nokuhambisana
I-Las Ama-Corydoras ayizinhlanzi ezinokuthula futhi ezithanda abantu., ukukhombisa isimo senhlalo esizibonakalisa ngokubhukuda ngamaqembu kanye nokudla ndawonye. Lokhu kuziphatha kunciphisa amazinga okucindezeleka futhi kukhuthaze ukusebenzisana, kubenze babonakale bekhuthele, bezethemba, futhi benempilo.
Ezindaweni zasemanzini zomphakathi ziyinketho enhle uma uboniswa ukuhambisana okuhle kakhulu nabaningi de peces amanzi ahlanzekile ezinobukhulu obufanayo nobumnene. Kodwa-ke, kungcono kakhulu ukugwema ukuzigcina zinezilwane ezinolaka ngokweqile, zendawo, noma ezinkulu ezingase zisesabise noma zizibone njengezisulu. Izinhlanzi ezinjengama-cichlid amakhulu, ama-plecos aphakathi nendawo nakhudlwana, noma i-territorial botias akubona abangane abangcono kakhulu, kuyilapho ama-tetra, ama-cyprinid amancane, ama-characin, nezinye izinhlanzi zase-Amazonian zifanelekile.
Su indawo yokuhlala ekhethwayo ingaphansi, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi zingabonakala zikhuphukela phezulu ukuze ziphefumule. Banohlelo lokuphefumula olwengeziwe olubavumela ukuthi bagwinye umoya emilonyeni yabo ezimweni eziphansi komoyampilo, amunca umoya-mpilo emathunjini futhi ikhiphe udoti nge-anus, isici esikhulisa ukumelana kwayo nezimo ezingafaneleki.
Uma unama-Corydora amaningi, kufanele wazi ukuthi ukunyakazisa njalo phansi kungabangela ukuguqubala okuncane. Ukusebenzisa isihlungi semishini kungaxazulula le nkinga. Lo mkhuba futhi usiza ukugcina umoya ophansi ushisa futhi uvimbele ukuvinjelwa kusihlungi sebhayoloji.
Ukondla i-Corydoras: ukudla okulinganiselayo nokuhlukahlukene
I-Las I-Corydoras i-omnivorous, okubavumela ukuba badle kokubili imithombo yezilwane nezitshalo. Nakuba zaziwa ngokuthi "izinhlanzi ezihlanzekile," Udoti wokudla abawuthola phansi akwanele.; ngakho-ke, kuyatuseka ukuthi wengeze ekudleni kwakho nsuku zonke ngokudla okuthile:
- Amaphilisi okucwila namaphilisi akhelwe izinhlanzi ezihlala phansi.
- Ukudla okuphilayo noma okuqandisiwe: izibungu zomiyane, izimfanzi ze-brine, i-daphnia, i-tubifex.
- Ukudla kwe-flake okuchotshoziwe kanye nama-granules amancane.
- Izengezo ngezikhathi ezithile zemifino e-blanched njenge-zucchini, ikhukhamba, noma uphizi ohlutshiwe.
Khumbula ukudla ngemva kokuba izinhlanzi ezingaphezulu sezidlile, ngakho ukudla kufinyelela phansi futhi akudliwa ezinye izinhlanzi kuqala. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukudla kube ehlukahlukene futhi elinganiselayo ukuze ugweme ukuntuleka komsoco, ugcine imibala egqamile futhi ukhuthaze ubungqabavu.
Ukudla ngokweqile kufanele kugwenywe ukuze kugwenywe ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi (i-nitrite ephezulu, i-ammonia, njll.). Nikeza inani elilungile abangalisebenzisa emizuzwini embalwa futhi basuse okweqile. Ungakwazi ukuhlela izinsuku "zokuzila" ukuze ukhuthaze umuzwa wabo wemvelo wokudla. I-Corydoras eyondleke kahle ifaka isandla ebhalansini yemvelo ye-aquarium ecosystem.
Ukwehluka kwezocansi nokuzalana
El i-dimorphism yezocansi E-Corydoras aliphinyiselwanga ngokukhethekile, kodwa kunomehluko ocashile:
- Ezisikazi zivame ukuba zinkulu. futhi ube nesisu esiyindilinga, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzala.
- Abesilisa bazacile kakhulu, i-dorsal fin ibheke kakhudlwana.
- Ezinye izinhlobo zibonisa imibala egqame kakhulu kwabesilisa.
La ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Corydoras Ilula kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezidumile (I-Corydoras aeneus, paleatus, i-sterbai, i-metae), kodwa idinga izimo ezithile:
- Gcina amaqembu amaningana abesilisa nabesifazane ku-aquarium yokuzalanisa (okungenani abesilisa abangu-3 x 2 abesifazane).
- Yenza izinguquko ezivamile zamanzi ngokwehla kancane kwezinga lokushisa ukuze ulingise inkathi yemvula yemvelo.
- Nikeza izimila eziningi ezinhle, amaqabunga noma izindawo ezibushelelezi (ingilazi, amaqabunga abanzi, izisefo) lapho ezinsikazi zizobekela amaqanda azo.
Inqubo yokuqomisana iyathakazelisa: ngokuvamile baqoqana ndawonye futhi babhukude ngokuxhamazela, bekhuhlana baze bamukele isiphambano noma isikhundla sika-TInsikazi ibamba amaqanda ama-2 kuya kwamane phakathi kwamaphiko ayo e-pectoral, okuthi iduna liwavundise. Insikazi ibe isibeka amaqanda emaqabunga, engilazini, noma emihlobiso. I-incubation iyaqhubeka Izinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyi-3 kuye ngezinga lokushisa. Uma sezichanyuselwe, okuthosiwe kuphakelwa i-brine shrimp nauplii ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, kulandele ukudla okuchotshoziwe.
Kwezinye izimo, ukuzala kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo uma imvelo kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi kulungile. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ze-Corydoras ezihlala kunzima ukuzalela ekuthunjweni, okuzenza zifunwa kakhulu phakathi kochwepheshe.
Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo
- I-Corydoras aeneus: Eyaziwa ngokuthi "ithusi", ingenye ekwazi ukumelana nezimo.
- I-Corydoras paleatus: enephethini enamabala (grey, brown and silver), kulula ukuyinakekela futhi isebenza kakhulu.
- I-Corydoras sterbai: Igqama ngephethini yayo enhle yamachashazi amhlophe kungemuva elimnyama.
- I-Corydoras pygmaeus: encane, ilungele ama-nano aquariums.
- UCorydoras julii: eyaziwa ngokuthi "ingwe", enamabala amnyama kungemuva elimpunga.
- I-Corydoras albina: okuhlukile kwethusi, okwaziswa kakhulu ku-aquarism.
Impilo, impilo ende kanye nokuvimbela izifo
Ama-Corydoras ajabule ukumelana okukhulu nezifo ngenxa yesimiso sabo sokuphefumula nokuvikelwa kwamathambo abo. Kodwa-ke, zingangenwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, isikhunta, kanye nezifo ezifana ne-dropsy uma izimo zamanzi zinganele.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zesifo:
- Izimo zokuthutha ezimbi: Ukuthutha amanani amakhulu noma amancane kungalimaza amaphiko. Kunconywa ukuthi uzijwayeze ngamaqembu amancane usebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile, anemithi ngemuva kokuthenga.
- Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okunamandla: Ama-nitrites amaningi, i-ammonia, nezinto eziphilayo ezingasusiwe. Isixazululo silele ekugcineni i-aquarium ihlanzekile, ukwenza izinguquko zamanzi njalo, nokugwema ukumunca ngokweqile.
- Ama-substrates acijile: Itshe elibukhali lingabangela izilonda kuma-barbels, kube lula ukungena kwezifo.
Qaphela ukuziphatha nokubukeka kwama-Corydoras akho nsuku zonke: Inhlanzi esebenzayo, enemibala egqamile enesifiso esivamile inhlanzi enempilo. I-Healthy Corydoras iyasebenza, inobudlelwane, futhi ibonisa ukuziphatha kweqembu lemvelo.
Ezimweni ezinhle ze-aquarium, Ngokuvamile ziphila phakathi kweminyaka eyi-7 neyi-10, nakuba kukhona izifanekiso ezeqile kuleyo minyaka futhi amanye amarekhodi abeka ukuphila kwawo isikhathi eside ngaphezu kwamashumi amabili eminyaka ezimeni ezingavamile.
- Mangaki ama-Corydora okufanele ngibe nawo? Okungcono kakhulu okungenani amakhophi amahlanu noma ayisithupha ukuze bakwazi ukuveza ukuziphatha kwabo kwemvelo futhi bagweme ukucindezeleka.
- Iluphi uhlobo lwe-substrate olungcono kakhulu? Isihlabathi esihle noma amatshe ayindilingaAma-substrates acijile noma acijile angalimaza ama-barbel, abalulekile ekondleni.
- Ingabe ziyahambisana nezitshalo? Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi ziyahambisana, zikhetha izindawo zasemanzini ezitshaliwe, ezilingisa indawo yazo futhi zinikeze iziphephelo zemvelo.
- Ingabe kufanele ngibeke isihlungi sangemuva? Kungcono ukusebenzisa ukuhlunga kwangaphandle noma isiponji ukuze ugweme ukulimala futhi wenze kube lula ukufinyelela ku-substrate.
- Ungawabona kanjani ukuthi anempilo? Qaphela umsebenzi, isifiso sokudla, imibala, nokuqoqana. I-Corydora eyedwa ngokuvamile icindezelekile noma iyagula.
- Ingabe i-Corydoras ihlanza i-aquarium ngokwayo? Zisiza ukugcina indawo engaphansi ingenawo udoti kodwa ayishintshi ukuhlanza okwenziwa ngesandla noma ukushintsha kwamanzi.
I-Corydoras isizithole njengenye yezinhlanzi ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni we-aquarium ngenxa yenhlanganisela yazo yemvelo kanye nobuhle bobuhle. Ziyisinqumo esifanele kulabo abafuna ukugcina i-aquarium elinganiselayo. enempilo futhi esebenzayo, njengoba zinikeza ubukhona obunobungane, obunobudlelwane, nobushukumisayo ngaphansi kwethangi. Ngokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo nokunakwa okufanele, i-Corydoras yakho izofaka isandla ngokuqinile enhlalakahleni yonke ye-aquarium yakho futhi ikuvumele ukuba ujabulele omunye wemibukiso yemvelo ethakazelisa kakhulu etholakala ngaphansi kwamanzi ekhaya lakho.
