Inhlanzi Bayiqembu Izilwane ezinomgogodla ezinqobe cishe zonke izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini emhlabeni. Ngenxa yokwehluka kwazo okumangalisayo, zitholakala ku amanzi ahlanzekile y amasaladi, kusukela Izilwandle ezijulile kuze kufinyelele imifudlana yasezintabeni. Ukuhlukaniswa kwabo kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuziphatha kwabo, izici zabo i-anatomical kanye nokujwayela kwayo imvelo.
Ukuhlukaniswa okujwayelekile kwezinhlanzi
Izinhlanzi zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu amaningana amakhulu ngokusekelwe kukwakheka kwazo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ukuhlukaniswa okuvunyelwe kakhulu kuyawahlukanisa abe okulandelayo amaqembu amakhulu amathathu:
- Izinhlanzi ezingamathambo (Osteichthyes): Baningi kakhulu futhi bane- ithambo lamathambo.
- Izinhlanzi ze-Cartilaginous (Chondrichthyes): hlanganisa oshaka, imivimbo y ama-chimera, enohlaka loqwanga.
- Izinhlanzi ze-Cyclostome (Agnatha): Ziyizinhlanzi ezingenamhlathi ezihlanganisa izibani y i-hagfish.
Izinhlanzi ezingamathambo (Osteichthyes)
I-Los izinhlanzi zamathambo Bakha iqembu elihluke kakhulu embusweni wezilwane, elimelela ngaphezu I-95% yazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane de peces ekhona. Babonakala ngokuthi:
- Un uhlaka lwamathambo olwakhiwe ngethambo esikhundleni soqwanga.
- I-Gills ivikelwe nge-bone operculum.
- Una ukubhukuda isinye okubavumela ukuthi balawule ukunyakaza kwabo emanzini.
- Amaphiko asekelwa ngu imigogodla yamathambo kanye nesikhumba se-membranous.
Ngaphakathi izinhlanzi zamathambo Sithola ama-subgroups amabili amakhulu:
Ama-Actinopterygians
Ziyizinhlanzi ezine ray amaphiko, evame kakhulu emanzini nasezilwandle. Izibonelo zihlanganisa i i-clownfish, the izinhlanzi zegolide futhi i i-trout.
I-Sarcopterygian
wakhe izinhlanzi ezifakwe nge-lobe, njenge- i-coelacanth futhi i i-lungfish, ezaziwukhiye ekuziphendukeleni kwezilwane ezinomgogodla wasemhlabeni.
Izinhlanzi ze-Cartilaginous (Chondrichthyes)
Leli qembu lakhiwe izinhlobo ezine a uhlaka lwamathambo lwakhiwe ngokuphelele uqwanga, okubanikeza isakhiwo esilula futhi esivumelana nezimo. Izici zayo zihlanganisa:
- Ukungabibikho kwe i-bone operculum, esikhundleni salokho banayo vula imifantu yegill.
- Isikhumba esimbozwe nge izikali ze-placoid, okubanikeza ukuthungwa okumaholo.
- Amazinyo angashintshwa phakathi nayo yonke impilo yakhe.
- Ukukhulelwa kwangaphakathi futhi, kwezinye izimo, i-viviparity.
Izibonelo de peces i-cartilaginous
- Ushaka omhlophe (Carcharodon carcharias): Umzingeli wasolwandle, obalulekile ekulinganiseni kwemvelo.
- I-Manta ray (Manta birostris): Aziwa ngosayizi wawo omkhulu kanye nemikhuba yokuhluza.
- I-Chimaera (Chimaera monstrosa): Izinhlanzi ezinamanzi ajulile ezinoqwanga nokubukeka kwakudala.
Izinhlanzi ze-Cyclostome (Agnatha)
Ngabe izinhlanzi zakudala kakhulu nokuswela imihlathi. Babonakala ngokuthi:
- Un umzimba omude efana ne-eel.
- Umlomo nge inkomishi yokumunca efakwe amazinyo anezimpondo.
- Ukungabibikho kwe izikali namathambo angempela.
Izibonelo de peces ama-cyclostomes
- Isibani solwandle (Petromyzon marinus): Idla igazi lezinye izinhlanzi.
- I-Hagfish (Myxini): Ifihla amafinyila e-viscous njengesivikelo.
Ukubaluleka kokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanzi
Ukuqonda ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanzi kubalulekile kubhayoloji nokongiwa kwemvelo, njengoba kusivumela ukuba sihlaziye imisebenzi yazo yemvelo, ubudlelwano bazo nemvelo kanye nomthelela wazo emaketangeni okudla. marinas y umfula.
Njengoba sithuthuka ocwaningweni lwezinhlanzi, sithola ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lunayo ukuzivumelanisa okuyingqayizivele ukuze uphile ezindaweni zasemanzini ezihluke kakhulu, okubonisa ukuvela kwezilwane ezinomgogodla phakathi kwezigidi zeminyaka.
