Lapho ulungiselela i-aquarium etshaliwe, esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuqinisekisa impumelelo nokulinganisela kwe-ecosystem ukukhetha indawo i-substrate yama-aquariums atshalweLesi sici sidlulela ngaphezu kwengxenye yokuhlobisa elula: inikeza ukusekelwa ngokomzimba nokondleka okudingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwezimpande ezifanele, kuthonya impilo yonke yezitshalo zasemanzini, futhi kunganquma ukukhululeka kokugcinwa nokuzinza kwemingcele yamanzi. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zama-substrates, amatshe amatshe, nezihlabathi emakethe namuhla, ngayinye inezici zayo kanye nezinzuzo ezithile.
Umsebenzi obalulekile we-substrate ku-aquarium etshalwe
El isisekelo Isebenza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile ku-aquarium etshaliwe. Ayigcini nje ngokusekela izitshalo futhi ivumele izimpande zazo ukuba zimile, kodwa futhi ifaka isandla kumjikelezo wezinto eziphilayo ze-aquarium ngokusebenza njengendawo yokuhlala amagciwane azuzisayo ezibolisa udoti wezinto eziphilayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela zisize ukugcina amanzi ezimeni ezifanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-substrate enhle isiza ukumuncwa izakhamzimba ezibalulekile kokubili ngezimpande namaqabunga, isici esibalulekile ekukhuleni okunempilo nokunamandla kwezitshalo zasemanzini.
Kunomehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe i-inert substrates kanye ne-nutritive. Nakuba izinto ezingasebenzi (ezifana netshe kanye nesihlabathi sokuhlobisa) zinikeza ukusekelwa ngokomzimba kuphela nokuzinza okubonakalayo, Izakhamzimba zinikeza izakhi zamaminerali kanye ne-organic Okubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo ezidinga kakhulu. Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwe-substrate kuncike ohlotsheni lwezitshalo ofuna ukuzigcina, izilwane, izici zamanzi, kanye nomklamo jikelele oyifunayo we-aquarium yakho.
Izinhlobo zama-substrates zama-aquariums atshaliwe
- Ama-substrates angasebenzi: Yakhiwe ngokuyinhloko ngamatshe, isihlabathi se-silica, noma i-quartz. Azihlinzeki ngemisoco emanzini, kodwa zilungele abaqalayo e-aquariophily noma kuma-aquariums anezitshalo ezingafuneki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba zingaguquli imingcele yamanzi, zidinga ukulungiswa okulula. Ama-substrates angasebenzi angasetshenziswa kokubili njengesisekelo sokuqala kanye nezindawo zokuhlobisa, futhi atholakala ngamasayizi ahlukahlukene okusanhlamvu nemibala ukuze kwakheke ama-aquascapes amangalisayo.
- Izisekelo ezingaphansi komsoco: Ekwakhekeni kwawo kuqukethe ingxube yobumba, amaminerali, izinto eziphilayo kanye nama-microelements asebenza njenge umquba wemvelo ngezimpande zezitshalo zasemanzini. Zilungele izindawo zasemanzini ezinezitshalo ezifuna ngamandla kanye nalabo abafuna ukukhula kwezitshalo okufanelekile nokuqhubekayo. Lawa ma-substrates angashintsha kancane imingcele yamanzi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqapha amazinga e-pH nobulukhuni, ikakhulukazi phakathi namasonto ambalwa okuqala ngemva kokufakwa.
- Ama-substrates ahlanganisiwe noma ezobuchwephesheEminye imikhiqizo yesimanje ihlanganisa izici zakho kokubili i-inert ne-nutrient substrates, yenza kube lula ukufakwa nokwandisa ukutholakala kwezakhi. Eziningi zifaka isakhiwo esiyindilinga esiyindilinga, esivimbela ukulimala kwezimpande nokuguquguquka kwamanzi.
Ungayikhetha kanjani i-substrate efanelekile ye-aquarium yakho etshaliwe
Ukukhethwa kwe-substrate kuncike ngokuyisisekelo uhlobo lwe-aquarium futhi i izinhlobo zezitshalo ohlose ukuyigcina. Kwabaqalayo, i-substrate enconywa kakhulu yitshe elingenalutho noma isihlabathi, esidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane futhi sivumela ukuhlolwa okulula ngezitshalo ezingafuneki noma zokuhlobisa. Kodwa-ke, umkhawulo wayo ukuthi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izitshalo ezidinga kakhulu zingase zibe nokuntuleka komsoco uma kuphela lolu hlobo lwe-substrate lusetshenziswa.
Ezindaweni zasemanzini lapho ufuna ukuthuthukisa ukukhula kwezitshalo nokwehlukahlukana, inketho engcono kakhulu yi- i-substrate yezakhi noma inhlanganisela yezendlalelo: okokuqala isisekelo se-substrate yezakhi, kulandele ungqimba lwetshe elicolekile noma isihlabathi phezulu ukuze kuvinjelwe imisoco ekuncibilikeni ngokweqile emanzini. Lokhu futhi kusiza ekugcineni ubuhle be-substrate nokuzinza, kuvimbele izimpande zezitshalo ukuthi zingaguquki futhi zixube izendlalelo. Okunye okuhlukile wukukhetha ama-substrates entengiso "konke-kukodwa" ahlanganisa imisoco kanye nokwesekwa ngokomzimba ngendlela ezinzile nehlala isikhathi eside.
Ithiphu ebalulekile ukugwema ama-substrates anezinhlayiya ezibukhali, njengoba zingalimaza izimpande zezitshalo futhi zicasule izinhlanzi ezihlala phansi. Kuhlale kungcono ukukhetha osayizi bokusanhlamvu abayindilinga futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ugeza amatshe noma isihlabathi ngaphambi kokuyengeza ku-aquarium, nakuba imikhiqizo eminingi yekhwalithi isivele ilungele ukusetshenziswa.
Imingcele yamanzi kanye nokugcinwa kwe-substrate
I-substrate ayithinti kuphela ukusekelwa kwezitshalo, kodwa futhi ingashintsha imingcele yamanziAmanye ama-substrates, ikakhulukazi ama-nutrient substrates, angakhuphula okwesikhashana i-pH noma ubulukhuni (kH kanye ne-gH) bamanzi, noma akhulule izinhlanganisela ezishintsha ikhemistri. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi njalo, ikakhulukazi emasontweni ambalwa okuqala ngemva kokumisa i-aquarium. Ezindaweni zasemanzini ezinamanzi athambile ikakhulukazi, amanye ama-substrates e-calcareous angaba usizo ekusimamiseni imingcele, nakuba ezimweni eziningi kutuswa ukugwema lezo eziphakamisa i-alkalinity ne-pH kakhulu, njengoba zivimbela ukumuncwa kwemisoco efana ne-CO2.
El ukulungiswa kwe-substrate Lesi esinye isici esibalulekile. Kunconywa ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile ukhuculule ungqimba olungaphezulu lwetshe noma isihlabathi ukuze kukhishwe udoti, i-detritus, nezinsalela zokudla, kodwa qaphela ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ungaphazamisi kakhulu noma ulimaze izimpande. Ezindaweni zasemanzini ezitshalwe kakhulu, ikhava yezitshalo ngokuvamile ivimbela ukunqwabelana kwemfucuza ngokweqile, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqapha nokulungisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezifile noma ukuminyana, ikakhulukazi uma i-substrate ilungile kakhulu. Ama-nutrient substrates akufanele awashwe ngaphambi kokuba asetshenziswe, ngaphandle uma eyalwe umenzi ngenye indlela, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulahleka kwezakhi.
Amathiphu Athuthukile we-Aquascaping
Kubuciko be aquascaping (i-aquascaping), i-substrate iwukhiye ekudaleni izindawo ezibukekayo nezingokwemvelo. Ochwepheshe bavame ukudlala ngemibala ehlukene kanye nezakhiwo, besebenzisa izihlabathi zokuhlobisa ezikhanyayo ukulingisa amabhishi noma imifula, kanye netshe elimnyama ukuze kugqanyiswe ukugqama. Lapho ukhetha i-substrate yama-aquariums atshaliwe, cabanga nokujula kongqimba, okufanele ngokuvamile kube okungenani. 5 kuya ku-8 cm ezindaweni ezitshaliwe ukuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande ezifanele, futhi kungase kube kuncane ezindaweni zokuhlobisa ngaphandle kwezitshalo.
Ukubala inani le-substrate edingekayo kulula: phindaphinda indawo yesisekelo se-aquarium ngobude obufunayo be-substrate, bese uhlukanisa umphumela ngo-1000 ukuze uthole amalitha adingekayo. Isibonelo, i-aquarium engu-60 cm x 30 cm enobude be-substrate obungu-6 cm ingadinga amalitha angu-10,8 e-substrate.
Khumbula ukuthi ama-hobbyists amaningi ahlanganisa i-substrates yezakhi kanye netshe lokuhlobisa ukuze bathole ukulingana okuphelele phakathi kobuhle, ukusebenza, nempilo yezitshalo. Kungenzeka futhi ukugcwalisa i-substrate nge umanyolo owuketshezi noma ezibhebheni ngokwezidingo zezitshalo ezidinga kakhulu.
Ukukhethwa nokuphathwa kahle kwe-substrate kungenza umehluko phakathi kwe-aquarium etshalwe imaphakathi kanye nenhle kakhulu. Chitha isikhathi ucwaninga, khetha imikhiqizo yekhwalithi, futhi ulungise ukusetha kwakho kuhambisane nemigomo yakho kanye nezinga lesipiliyoni. I-substrate efanele izokhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo, ithuthukise izinga lamanzi, futhi idale indawo engokwemvelo nekhangayo yezinhlanzi zakho kanye nezilwane ezingenamgogodla zasemanzini.