La ukubamba ushaka Sekuwudaba olulokhu ludingidwa kakhulu emkhakheni wezokongiwa kolwandle, ngenxa yomthelela wawo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zolwandle lwethu. Naphezu kwesithombe esithandwayo soshaka njengezilwane ezidla ezinye ezesabekayo, iqiniso liwukuthi ukubanjwa ngobuningi kwalezi zilwane kuthinta ukuphila kwazo, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulinganisela okuntekenteke kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle.
Izigidi zoshaka zibanjwa emhlabeni wonke unyaka nonyaka., ngokuvamile ngephutha noma ngaphandle kwamarekhodi anembile. Lesi simo siholele ekutheni izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zibe sengozini, okubangele ukusabela phakathi kwezazi zemvelo kanye nomphakathi wesayensi ofuna ukunqanda lo mkhuba futhi ufundise ngokubaluleka kokulondoloza lezi zilwane zasolwandle.
Ukudoba ngezimboni: usongo olukhulu koshaka
Emanzini azungezile I-Peninsula yase-Iberia kanye neziqhingi zaseCanary Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-25 ezihlukene zoshaka, ezihlale eMhlabeni isikhathi esingaphezu 450 izigidi zeminyakaNgokwemininingwane evela ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne-Ecologistas en Acción, usongo olukhulu kulezi zilwane luvela ekudobeni kwezimboni, okunciphise kakhulu inani labantu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje.
Izibalo zokubamba zonyaka ziyethusa: kulinganiselwa Kubanjwa oshaka abaphakathi kwezigidi ezingu-80 neziyi-100 unyaka ngamunye emhlabeni wonkeEziningi zalezi zinhlanzi ezibanjiwe, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezidotshwayo, azibonakali kudatha esemthethweni. Lokhu kubeka ama-chondrichthyans (iqembu elihlanganisa oshaka, imisebe, nama-chimaera) njengeqembu lesibili le-taxonomic yasolwandle esengozini kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.
Imiphumela nezinselelo zokongiwa kwemvelo
Umphakathi wesayensi uyagcizelela ukuthi Oshaka badlala indima ebalulekile njengezilwane ezizingelayo, elawula inani lezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle nokugcina ibhalansi yezimiso zemvelo. Ukunyamalala kwazo kungabangela ukungalingani kwe-trophic nemiphumela engalindelekile yamaketanga okudla olwandle.
Kodwa-ke, umbono ojwayelekile ngoshaka usaphawulwa yinganekwane “yokudla komuntu”, lapho iqiniso liwukuthi Lezi zilwane azibeki engozini abantu. futhi, ngokulandelayo, bangaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu evela emisebenzini yabantu.
Ukuhlehlisa lesi simo, izazi zezemvelo kanye nochwepheshe bacela ukuba ukusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, kwenziwe ngcono izinhlelo zokubika ngezinhlanzi ezidotshiwe, kanye nokuqaliswa ngempumelelo kwezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nezindawo zokudoba ezisimeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunda ngezemvelo kanye nokukhuthaza indlela ebucayi yokuphathwa kwemithombo yasolwandle kuthathwa njengezinyathelo ezibalulekile.
Ulwazi lwakamuva lugcizelela ukuthi, ngaphezu kokudoba ngokweqile, ezinye izici ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu zingase ziguqule indlela yokuziphatha nezindlela zokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zoshaka, okugqamisa isidingo sokuhlaziya lezi zindaba ngokugcwele.
Ingcindezi koshaka ekudobeni kwezimboni, ekudobeni okungasolwandle, kanye nemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kudala isimo esibucayi ezilwaneni eziningi eziye zahlala eMhlabeni amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka. Ukuvikela nokuphatha ngendlela eqhubekayo izilwandle kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphila kwazo nokugcina impilo yemvelo yasolwandle.
