Ikusasa lezimfudu zasolwandle lisengozini enkulu ngokusheshisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu , okwandisa izinsongo ezikhona njengokungcola, ukudoba ngokungakhethi, kanye nentuthuko yogu lolwandle. Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo, eziye zazulazula olwandle iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100, manje zibhekene nengozi yangempela yokuqothulwa uma kungathathwa isinyathelo esiphuthumayo nesihlelekile somhlaba wonke.
Ezifundeni ezifana nogu lwaseChile, eColombia, nasePeru, kutholakala izinhlobo ezinhlanu kweziyisikhombisa zezinhlanzi zasolwandle emhlabeni wonke, futhi zonke zibhekene nohlobo oluthile losongo . Isimo sibucayi kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezifana ne-leatherback, hawksbill, kanye ne-loggerhead turtles, ezibalwe njengezisengozini enkulu noma ezisengozini yizinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ezifana ne-IUCN. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi ze-ridley eziluhlaza nezimhlophe zibhekene nezingozi ezinkulu futhi zibhekwa njengezisengozini.
Imithelela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu ezimpilweni zezimfudu zasolwandle
Enye yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibangelwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lesihlabathi lapho izimfudu zibekela khona amaqanda azo . Izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokufukamela linquma ubulili bezimfudu ezisanda kuzalwa: ngaphansi kwama-27°C kukhiqiza abesilisa, kanti ngaphezu kwama-31°C kukhiqiza abesifazane. Amagagasi okushisa kanye nokufudumala komhlaba kudala ukungalingani okukhathazayo phakathi kobulili , okubeka engcupheni ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwezinhlobo zezimfudu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukunyuka kwamazinga olwandle kanye nokuguguleka kolwandle kuthinta ngqo izindawo zokuhlala zendabuko. Amabhishi amaningi anganyamalala noma angafaneleki , okunciphisa amathuba okuchamisela amaqanda ngempumelelo. Iziphepho zasezindaweni ezishisayo ezinamandla nezivame kakhulu zilimaza izidleke futhi zandise ukufa kwamaphuphu, okuphazamisa kakhulu ukululama kwalezi zinhlobo.
Ezinye izinsongo: imisebenzi yabantu kanye nokungcola
Ngaphandle komthelela oqondile wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izenzo zabantu ziyayibhebhethekisa leso simo . Ukubanjwa kwezinyoni ngebhayisikile kuyaqhubeka nokubangela ukufa kwezinkulungwane zezimfudu minyaka yonke, ezibanjwa ngamanetha noma ezibanjwa ngokungahlosiwe. Intuthuko yogu, ukufudukela emadolobheni, ukungcola kokukhanya, kanye nezokuvakasha ezingalawulwayo kuphazamisa imijikelezo yokuzala futhi kwandisa ukufa kwamaqanda namaphuphu.
Ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki kubeka usongo oluthule kodwa olubulalayo. Izimfudu eziningi ziphambanisa izinto zepulasitiki, njengezikhwama, ne-jellyfish, umthombo wazo wokudla ovamile. Lokhu kuholela ekuvinjweni kwamathumbu, ukungondleki kahle , ngisho nokufa. Amazwe amaningana asevele enemikhankaso eqhubekayo yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki nokukhuthaza imikhuba enomthwalo wemfanelo emabhishi nasezindaweni zasolwandle.
Izindlela ezifudukayo kanye nokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala
Izimfudu zihamba amabanga amade kukho konke ukuphila kwazo , zilandela imizila yokufuduka encike kakhulu emifuleni yolwandle kanye nezimo zemvelo. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuphazamisa la maphethini , kudida izilwane futhi kuziphoqa ukuba zihambe kude nasemigwaqweni eyingozi kakhulu ukuze zithole izindawo zokudla nezokuzala ezifanele.
Ezindaweni eziningana ezisogwini, ezokuvakasha ezingalawulwa kanye nokudoba okungekho emthethweni kwandisa ingcindezi ezinfuduni , esezibhekene nesimo sokulahlekelwa yindawo yokuhlala okuqhubekayo kanye nokuncipha kwezinsizakusebenza. Ingane eyodwa kuphela kweziyinkulungwane ezisanda kuzalwa efinyelela ebudaleni, ngakho-ke ukusinda kwesidleke ngasinye kubalulekile ekugcineni inani labantu.
Ukongiwa kwemvelo nokubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi
Impendulo yale nkinga idinga ukubandakanyeka kwayo yonke imikhakha . Amazwe amaningi anezinhlelo zokulondolozwa kwezwe futhi ayingxenye yezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-CITES noma i-Bonn Convention, ezifuna ukuvikela izimfudu zasolwandle ngokudala izindawo ezivikelwe, ukulawula ukudoba, kanye nokulwa nokushushumbiswa okungekho emthethweni.
Izinhlangano zokulondolozwa kwemvelo zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokulungisa imikhuba yansuku zonke , njengokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki, ukubika ukuzingela nokuhweba okungekho emthethweni, ukuhlonipha amabhishi okuzalela izidleke, ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yokuzithandela, kanye nokusekela amaphrojekthi esayensi. Imfundo yemvelo kanye nezokuvakasha ezithembekile zinegalelo ekuvikeleni lezi zinhlobo nezindawo zazo zokuhlala.
Okunye okuphawulekayo yizinhlelo zendawo eziholwa yimiphakathi yabantu bomdabu kanye namaqembu okuzithandela, akhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwezidleke , ukukhululwa kwamaphuphu, kanye nokuqapha ogwini ngesikhathi sokuzalela.
Ukubamba iqhaza okubonakalayo nokuzinikela komuntu ngamunye kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphila kwalezi zinhlobo zezilwane kanye nokulondoloza impilo yezilwandle zethu nezingu.