La Ukungcola olwandle sekuphenduke enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zemvelo ngesikhathi sethu. Sekungamashumi eminyaka siphatha ulwandle njengokungathi luyindawo yokulahla imfucumfucu engapheli, sithemba ukuthi yonke into izoncipha ngaphandle kwemiphumela, kodwa iqiniso lihluke kakhulu: izinto nemfucumfucu esiyiphonsa olwandle kuyanqwabelana, kuguqulwe, futhi kubuyele kithi ngesimo sezinkinga zemvelo, izinkinga zempilo kanye nokulimala komnotho.
Namuhla siyakwazi lokho Alikho elinye iphuzu leplanethi elibalekela umkhondo wokungcola kwethuAmapulastiki avela emiseleni yolwandle ekujuleni okungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10.000, izinsalela zikamanyolo zitholakala emachwebeni asogwini njengeMar Menor, ama-hydrocarbon akhona ezindaweni zezivakashi, futhi izinto eziphilayo ezibolayo zitholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini njengalezo zaseGran Canaria. Ukuqonda okwenzeka endaweni yasolwandle nokuthi kungani kubi kangaka kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokukumisa.
Kuyini ngempela ukungcola olwandle?
Ngokwe-United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo yasolwandle kuyisizathu ukwethulwa okuqondile noma okungaqondile kwezinto noma amandla ngabantu olwandle namachweba abangela noma angabangela imiphumela elimazayo: kusukela ekulimaleni kwezilwane nezitshalo, kuya ezingozini zempilo yabantu, ukuphazamisa imisebenzi efana nokudoba noma ukuvakasha kanye nokuwohloka kwamanzi ukuze asetshenziswe ukuzilibazisa noma ukukhiqiza.
Lona Ukungcola kungaba nomsuka wemvelo noma we-anthropogenicKodwa-ke, okungaphezu kwamandla okusabela kwezinhlelo zemvelo kuvela emisebenzini yethu: ukuchitheka ngephutha emathangini kawoyela noma amapulatifomu, ukuvuza ezikhungweni zezimboni, ukungcola okuqhubekayo okuvela ezimpophomeni ezingaphansi kolwandle noma ukusabalalisa okuphuma emifuleni egcwele amakhemikhali, amapulasitiki kanye namanzi angcolile.
Ezifundeni ezinezimoto eziningi zasolwandle, njenge I-Valencian Community kanye namakhilomitha angama-470 ogwiniUkuthuthwa kukawoyela kubangela ingozi njalo. Ingozi eyodwa ingadedela inqwaba yama-hydrocarbon olwandle, okunomthelela oqondile emabhishi ezivakashi, emachwebeni, ezimfundeni zasolwandle, nasezindaweni zasolwandle; ngakho-ke, kunezinqubo eziqondile zokubhekana nokungcoliswa kolwandle ngengozi.
Iplanethi egcwele amapulasitiki
Cishe iminyaka eyikhulu, isintu ikhiqiza amapulasitiki ngejubane elibaleka ngokupheleleZiyakwazi ukumelana, zishibhile, ziyabumbeka futhi cishe zaphakade: izimfanelo ezilungele kakhulu imboni kodwa ziba inkinga enkulu lapho le mikhiqizo iba udoti.
Unyaka ngamunye, cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-500 epulasitikiKulokhu, ingxenye encane kuphela, elinganiselwa ku-9%, igaywa kabusha. Okusele kuphelela ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu, kushiswe, noma, ngokwesilinganiso esikhathaza kakhulu, kunqamule imifula nemisele iye olwandle. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi ngaphezu Imifula eyi-1.000 ibhekele cishe u-80% wamapulasitiki ezifinyelela olwandle, kugcizelelwe ngokukhethekile emifuleni yamanzi yasemadolobheni ebonakala imincane.
Lokhu kugeleza njalo kwemfucuza kubangele abadumile “iziqephu” noma iziqhingi zikadoti kuma-ocean gyres amakhulu, anezindawo ezinkulu kunamazwe amaningi. Izikhwama, iziqukathi, amabhodlela, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, elahlekile amanetha okudoba noma izikebhe ezilahliwe ziyaqhubeka nokubamba izinhlanzi, izimfudu, nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle iminyaka eminingi into eyaziwa ngokuthi ukudoba izipoki.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amapulasitiki Azipheli, kodwa kunalokho zihlukana zibe ama-microplastics nama-nanoplastics. Lezi zingcezu ezincane zingantanta, zilengiswe kukholomu yamanzi, noma zihlale obishini. Zimunywa ama-plankton, ama-bivalves, izinhlanzi, nezinyoni, ngaleyo ndlela zingene ohlelweni lokudla. imfucumfucu yepulasitiki eziswini zezimfudu, izinyoni zasolwandle, ama-cetaceans nasemikhiqizweni esiyidlayo, njengosawoti wasolwandle.
Akuwona nje umthelela womzimba. Ipulasitiki Zisebenza njengezipontshi zokungcola kwamakhemikhali kanye nezimoto zama-microorganismsukuthutha izinsimbi ezisindayo, inhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo ezinobuthi, noma ulwelwe oluyingozi ezindaweni ezikude nendawo yokuqala yokulahla. Amapulastiki atholakale esebenza njengendawo yokukhosela yezilwane ezinjengama-octopus, ezisebenzisela ukuvikela nokuzalela amaqanda esikhundleni sokusebenzisa amagobolondo noma izimbotshana zemvelo, ngaleyo ndlela ziguqule ukuziphatha kwazo okuvamile.
Ukungcola kwamakhemikhali: umanyolo, izinsimbi ezisindayo nokunye ukuchitheka okungabonakali
Ngale kwepulasitiki ebonakalayo, ingxenye ebalulekile yokungcola olwandle amakhemikhali futhi angabonakali ngeso lenyamaSikhuluma ngomanyolo, izibulala-zinambuzane, imithi yokubulala ukhula, okokuhlanza, imithi, izinsimbi ezisindayo, noma izinhlanganisela zezimboni ezifika olwandle zisuka emifuleni, ezimayini, emadolobheni nasezindaweni zezolimo.
Lapho inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba, njenge-nitrate nama-phosphates, lifinyelela emanzini, i- ukwanda kwe-algae nama-bacteriaLokhu kugcwala kwempilo engabonakali kudla cishe wonke umoya-mpilo otholakala emanzini, okudala izindawo ezine-hypoxic noma ezine-anoxic lapho izinto eziningi eziphilayo zingakwazi ukuphila. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi i-eutrophication.
Isibonelo esiyinhloko yi- UMar Menor eMurciaIchibi elisogwini osekuyiminyaka lithola umanyolo wezolimo, imfucuza yemfuyo, namanye amakhemikhali. Iziqephu ezimangalisayo zokufa kwabantu abaningi zenzeke lapho. de peces nezinye izinto eziphilayo, ezihlotshaniswa nezimbali ze-algal ezishiya amanzi engenawo umoya-mpilo futhi ziphule ibhalansi yemvelo ye-ecosystem.
Okufanayo kwenzeka ngezinga elikhulu emlonyeni we- Mississippi River eGulf of Mexicolapho imisoco evela kwezolimo idala "indawo efile" yezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha-skwele, uma iqhathaniswa nobukhulu bomphakathi waseValencian. Kule ndawo, izinga lomoya-mpilo liphansi kangangokuthi azikho izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingachuma.
Eminyakeni yamuva, umphakathi wezesayensi unake ngokukhethekile I-PFAS (izinto ze-perfluoroalkyl kanye nezinto ze-polyfluoroalkyl)Lezi zinhlanganisela, ezisetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo (izindwangu, ukupakishwa, amagwebu okucisha umlilo, i-cookware engagxili, njll.), ziphikelela kakhulu, zinqwabelana entweni ephilayo, futhi zitholwe egazini nasemanzini cishe kuso sonke isibalo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, ezinemiphumela yezempilo engaba khona kusaphenywa.
Umsindo nokungcoliswa okuncane endaweni yasolwandle
Uma sikhuluma ngokungcola olwandle, ngokuvamile sicabanga ngokuchitheka, kodwa Ukukhanya okwenziwa nomsindo nakho kuyishintsha kakhulu imvelo yasolwandle., ikakhulukazi eduze nogu nasezindaweni ezigcwele izimoto zasolwandle.
Ezindaweni ezingasogwini ezinokukhanya okukhanyayo, i Izibani zasebusuku zishintsha isigqi sebhayoloji yezinhlobo eziningi. Izikhathi zabo zokusebenza, imikhuba yokudla, nokuziphatha kokuzala kuyashintsha. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye zasogwini zizingela isikhathi eside futhi ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni kunezindawo ezimnyama, okuphazamisa yonke iwebhu yokudla.
Ezinhlotsheni ezithile, njenge i-clownfish noma ezinye izinhlanzi ezihlala emanziniUkukhanya okwenziwayo kungaphazamisa ukuchanyuselwa kwamaqanda, kunciphise impumelelo yokuzala futhi kuphazamise ukuvuselelwa kwenani labantu. Lezi zinguquko zingase zibonakale zizincane esikhathini esifushane, kodwa umthelela wazo oqongelelekayo phakathi namashumi eminyaka ubalulekile.
Ukungcoliswa komsindo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuvela izinjini zemikhumbi, i-sonar yezempi, izinhlolovo zokuzamazama komhlaba, noma amapulatifomu kawoyelaUmsindo uhamba kahle kakhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi, ngakho le mithombo yomsindo ingaphazamisa ukuxhumana namasistimu e-echolocation yama-cetaceans njengamahlengethwa noma imikhomo, ivimbele ukudla kwawo, ukufuduka kanye nokuzala.
Amacala alotshwe ku i-cetacean strandings exhunywe kuma-pulses omsindo oqinilekanye nezinguquko zokuziphatha (ukubalekela izindawo ezithile, ukwanda kokucindezeleka, ukushiywa kwezindawo zokuzalela). Lena imithelela okunzima ukuyibona emhlabeni, kodwa ingokoqobo kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezincike emsindweni ukuze ziqonde olwandle.
Ukuchitheka kukawoyela nokungcoliswa kolwandle ngephutha
I-Los uwoyela nokunye ukuchithwa kwe-hydrocarbon Mhlawumbe ziwubuso obusakazwa kakhulu ngokungcoliswa kolwandle. Izingozi ezifana nenhlekelele yethangi likawoyela i-Prestige eSpain noma ukuchitheka kukadoti onobuthi ophuma ekucwengisweni kukawoyela e-Ivory Coast zibonise ukuthi imiphumela yazo ingahlala iminyaka noma amashumi eminyaka, ithinte ukudoba, ukuvakasha kanye nempilo yemvelo.
Lolu hlobo lwesigameko luhlobene a Ukukhula kwethrafikhi yasolwandle kawoyela ongahluziwe nemikhiqizo ecolisisiweUkusuka ezindaweni ezikhishwayo kuye ezindaweni zokuhluza futhi, ukusuka lapho, kuya ezikhungweni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukuhluleka kokuzulazula, ukushayisana, noma ukuwohloka kwezindawo zokulayisha nokuthulula kungase kubangele isimo esiphuthumayo esikhulu.
Izifunda ezifana ne-Valencian Community, kuvezwe kakhulu ekuthuthweni kwe-hydrocarbonBanezinhlelo zokusebenza eziqondile zokubhekana nobungozi bokungcoliswa kolwandle ngengozi, ezinemininingwane yezinqubo zokuphendula, ukusebenzelana phakathi kwabaphathi kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinsiza zokuphatha nokuhlanza.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi, ngisho namazinga amahle, alukho uhlelo olungenaphuthaNgakho-ke, ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwezokuthutha kanye nokulawula ukusebenza, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuncika kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi futhi siye kumodeli yamandla esimeme kakhudlwana eyehlisa umthamo wawo wonke wama-hydrocarbon esiwahambisa olwandle.
Ezinye izindawo ezishisayo: amanzi angcolile, izimayini, nezigameko ezingazodwa
Ingxenye ebalulekile yokungcoliswa kolwandle ivela emhlabeni ngokusebenzisa amanzi angcolile asemadolobheni nasezimbonini angaphathwa kahleAmadolobha amaningi emhlabeni wonke, ngisho nasemazweni athuthukile, awanazo izinhlelo zokuzihlanza ezanele, ngakho amagciwane, amagciwane, izinto zokuhlanza, imithi yokwelapha kanye nohlu olude lwezinye izinto okunzima ukuziqeda ziphelela olwandle.
Umsebenzi wezimayini, ikakhulukazi uma wenziwa endaweni okungekho emthethweni noma ngaphandle kokulawula okuqinile kwezemveloInomthelela ekungcolisweni kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa i-acid mine drainage. Amanzi agcwala ama-sulfate nezinsimbi ezisindayo (njenge-mercury, i-cadmium, nomthofu), aguqule i-pH yawo futhi ayenze ibe nobuthi ezintweni eziningi eziphila emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokunyakaza komhlaba okuhambisana nezimayini kuthinta umjikelezo we-hydrological kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi angaphezulu nangaphansi komhlaba.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu, kuneziqephu ezithile ezinjengalezi ichitheke ogwini lwaseGran Canaria okusanda kutholwa, okuholele uHulumeni wase-Canary Islands ukuthi aqalise futhi agcine i-Territorial Emergency Civil Protection Plan (PLATECA) kamasipala wase-Telde uqaphile.
Uma kunjalo, izindiza zokuhlola zakuqinisekisa lokho Kwakungasekho umlilo ovuthayo olwandleNokho, izinsalela zalokhu kuchitheka zatholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo e-Agüimes naseTelde, okwakudingeka zisuswe ngemishini emikhulu. Isexwayiso sisalokhu sikhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqapha kwesigameko, ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlaka zikahulumeni, kanye nokusabela ngokushesha kunoma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlobene.
Lolu hlobo lwesimo lubonisa ukuthi, ngisho nalapho ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuvuma, Ukuphatha ukungcola olwandle kudinga imigomo ecacile kanye nokusabela. yiziphathimandla, ukuze kuncishiswe imithelela yemvelo kanye nokuvikela imisebenzi yezomnotho kanye nenani labantu.
Imiphumela yezemvelo: izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, uchungechunge lokudla kanye nezinhlelo zemvelo ezibalulekile
Imiphumela yokunukubezeka olwandle ibonakala ngokungokoqobo noma yiliphi ikona leplanethi lapho kukhona ukuphila kwasemanziniIzinkulungwane zezinhlobo de pecesIzilwane ezincelisayo, izilwane ezingenamgogodla, izinyoni, nezitshalo ziyathinteka ngenxa yokuwohloka kwezindawo ezihlala kuzo, ukulahlekelwa izinga lamanzi, nokuba khona kobuthi obuqhubekayo.
La ukulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini Lokhu mhlawumbe ukubonakaliswa okusobala kakhulu: izinyoni zasolwandle ezivaleleke amanetha noma izindandatho zepulasitiki, izimfudu eziphuthazayo izikhwama ze-jellyfish, izinhlanzi ezidla ama-microplastic kanye nezinhlayiya ezingcolisa umoya… Izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane sezisengozini noma zinenani labantu elinciphayo ngenxa yenhlanganisela yezingcindezi, phakathi kwazo ukungcola kudlala indima ebalulekile.
Umonakalo udlulela ku uchungechunge lokudla oluphelele, oluqala ngeplanktonIsisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwezinto eziphilayo olwandle. Lapho izinto ezingcolisayo ziphazamisa ukuzala nokuphila kwalezi zinambuzane ezincane, wonke ulwembu lwezilwane zasolwandle luyahlupheka, kusukela ezinhlanzini ezincane kuya ezilwaneni ezinkulu ezincelisayo.
Izixhobo zamakhorali zingamadolobha angokoqobo angaphansi kwamanzi ahlala abantu abaningi U-25% wezilwane zasolwandle ezaziwayoKuhlangana izinsongo eziningi. Izinto ezingcolisa amakhemikhali zingase zibe ushevu kumakhorali, amapulasitiki angawaminyanisa noma avimbe ukukhanya kwelanga, futhi amazinga okushisa akhuphukayo ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu abangele izenzakalo eziningi zokufiphala ezinciphisa amandla awo okululama.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imfucuza yepulasitiki nezinye izinto eziqinile ziba izinkundla zokuthutha zama-microorganisms ayingozi, njengolwelwe oluthile olunobuthi noma amagciwane ashintsha impilo ye-ecosystem futhi abangele ukufa kwasendaweni de peces nezinye izinhlangano.
Imithelela empilweni yabantu kanye nomnotho
Konke sikuphonsa olwandle Ihlala igcina ibuya ngandlela thizeUkusebenzisa amanzi angcolile nokudla kuhlotshaniswa nezifo zesisu, izinkinga zezinzwa, futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza nezinye izifo ezingapheli ezihlobene nokuchayeka ezinsimbi ezisindayo noma izinhlanganisela eziphilayo eziqhubekayo.
I-Microplastics, i-PFAS, nezinye izinto ezivelayo zibeka inselele eyengeziwe, ngoba Imiphumela yako kwezempilo isaphenywaKodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi zinhlanganisela zinqwabelana emizimbeni yethu futhi zingaphazamisa uhlelo lwe-endocrine, amasosha omzimba, noma i-metabolism. Ukuntuleka kokwelashwa okuqondile ezindaweni eziningi zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile kusho ukuthi eziningi zalezi zinhlanganisela zifinyelela endaweni ehlala emanzini zingahlungiwe.
Ngasohlangothini lwezomnotho, imikhakha ye ukudoba, ukulima kwezilwane zasemanzini, ezokuvakasha kanye nezolimo Bathinteka kakhulu ngokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Izindawo zokugeza zivaliwe ngenxa yokuchitheka, imibhede yegobolondo engasasebenzi ngenxa yobuthi, ukulahlekelwa yizinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo okwehlisa ukukhanga kwezivakashi, nemingcele yokuthengisa imikhiqizo yezinhlanzi kumane nje kuyizibonelo.
Uma inani lazo zonke izimpahla nezinkonzo ezihlinzekwa olwandle (izinhlanzi, ezokuthutha, ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu, ezokuvakasha, izinsiza zofuzo, njll.) zengezwe ndawonye, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kungaba umnotho wesikhombisa ngobukhulu emhlabeniUkuvikela izinga lamanzi olwandle akuyona nje indaba yokuziphatha noma yezemvelo, kodwa futhi kuyisinqumo samasu esibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho.
Imiphakathi yasogwini ithembele ikakhulukazi impilo enhle yolwandle endleleni yakho yokuphilaLapho ukungcola kwehlisa isithunzi izindawo zokudoba noma kuxosha ezokuvakasha, kudala ukulahleka kwemisebenzi, ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe, nezingxabano zomphakathi, okubhebhethekisa ubungozi balezi zindawo.
Hhayi nje izilwandle nezilwandle: imifula, amaxhaphozi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba
Ukungcoliswa kolwandle akuqali ngasogwini, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho: Imifula, amaxhaphozi, amachibi esikhashana, kanye nemithombo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba konke kuyingxenye yesimiso esifanayoOkwenzeka phakathi nezwe kugcina sekusolwandle, ikakhulukazi uma zingathathwa izinyathelo zokuvikela nokulawula.
I-Los Amaxhaphozi asebenza njengezihlungi zemvelo ezinkulu nezindawo zokuphumula zezinyoni ezifudukayo, ngaphezu kokuba nezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezitshalo nezilwane. Ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwamanzi, ukuthuthela emadolobheni, nokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezibulala-zinambuzane nomanyolo kwehlisa amandla awo okuhlanza nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni, kunciphisa indima yawo njengesithiyo ekulweni nokungcoliswa kolwandle.
I-Las amachibi esikhashana, adalwe izimvula zesiziniLezi zimiso zemvelo zibalulekile ekukhiqizeni izilwane ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini, izinambuzane, izinyoni, nama-crustaceans amancane, kodwa ukugeleza kwezolimo, udoti, namapulasitiki nakho kuyafinyelela kuzo. Nakuba zingase zibukeke njengezinto eziphilayo ezincane, ukuwohloka kwazo kunemiphumela emibi ezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo zendawo nezesifunda.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba amelela cishe u-30% wamanzi ahlanzekile eplanethi kanye namanzi okuphuza angaphezu kwesigamu emazweni anjengeSpain. Ukucwiliswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, umanyolo, izinsimbi ezisindayo, namakhemikhali ezimayini endaweni engaphansi komhlaba kungcolisa insiza eyisihluthulelo futhi okunzima ukuyivuselela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kungakhuthaza ukungena kwamanzi anosawoti olwandle, okulimaza ikhwalithi yamanzi ngendlela engenakulungiseka.
Uma ngempela sifuna ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kolwandle, Ukuvikela imifula, amachibi, amaxhaphozi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba kubalulekileIzilwandle ziyindawo yokugcina yezinto eziningi ezingcolisayo, kodwa ikhambi liqala phakathi nezwe.
Izinyathelo nezisombululo: kusukela ezivumelwaneni zamazwe ngamazwe kuya ezenzweni zasendaweni
Kusukela ngawo-70 kuya phambili, umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe waqala ukuqaphela ubucayi benkinga futhi kwamukelwa izivumelwano. Izivumelwano ezifana neLondon Convention ka-1972ISivumelwano, esamukelwa yiSpain ngo-1975, salawula ukulahlwa kwemfucuza olwandle. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lolu hlaka lwaqiniswa yi-London Protocol ka-2006, evimbela ukulahlwa kwezinto eziningi, ngaphandle kokunye okuhlukile okubhekwa njengokungenabungozi.
Ngokufanayo, i-UN ikhuthaze izivumelwano nemigomo ethile yokubhekana nezinselele zamanzi nokulahlwa kwemfucuza. Izingxoxo zokuthi [okungacacile] zaqala ngo-2022. ithuluzi elibopha ngokusemthethweni ekungcoleni kwepulasitiki, inhloso yayo iwukuvikela impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo, okuhlanganisa nemvelo yasolwandle, kusukela ekukhiqizeni kuya ekulawuleni imfucuza.
Le mizamo ihambisana ne- Umgomo we-UN Wentuthuko Eqhubekayo 6“Amanzi Ahlanzekile Nokuthuthwa Kwendle”, okuhloswe ngawo ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi aphephile emhlabeni wonke, ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa, ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanzeka kwamanzi angcolile kanye nokuvikela imvelo ehlobene namanzi.
Emazingeni kazwelonke nawendawo, amazwe amaningi ashaye imithetho yokuthi ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezimboni nezolimoLezi zinyathelo zihlanganisa ukuthuthukisa ukulungiswa kwamanzi angcolile, ukukhawulela amapulasitiki athile asetshenziswa kanye, nokudala izinhlelo zokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo zokungcoliswa kolwandle. Kodwa-ke, inselele isekuqaliseni ngokuzimisela le mithethonqubo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi iyasetshenziswa ngempumelelo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlangano ezifana I-Ocean Cleanup, CLEAR RIVERS kanye nama-NGO amaningi endawo Bakha izinhlelo zokuthwebula ipulasitiki emifuleni nasezigwini, bakhuthaze imikhankaso yokuhlanza amabhishi namaxhaphozi, futhi basebenzisane namavolontiya ukususa imfucuza futhi baqwashise umphakathi.
Esingakwenza: izinguquko ekukhiqizeni, izinqubomgomo kanye nemikhuba yansuku zonke
Kudingeka ukubhekana nokungcoliswa kolwandle izinguquko ezijulile kumodeli yokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswaikakhulukazi mayelana namapulasitiki nezinto zokulima nezezimboni. Akwanele ukumane sisebenzise kabusha kakhudlwana: sidinga ukuklama kabusha imikhiqizo, sinciphise ukupakisha, sishintshe izinto, futhi sizibophezele emnothweni oyindilinga.
Enye yezinto eziseqhulwini yi- ukwehla okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye kanye nokukhuthazwa kokupakishwa okusebenziseka kabusha noma ukupakishwa okwenziwe ngezinto ezisimeme kakhudlwana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa amazinga okugaywa kabusha, ukuqinisekisa ukulandeleka kwemfucuza, nokuvimbela ukuthunyelwa kwayo emazweni anemithetho exegayo lapho igcina khona, futhi, emifuleni nasezilwandle.
Ohulumeni basekhaya kanye nabaphathi banesibopho soku tshala ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolileLokhu kuhlanganisa nokubuyekeza ingqalasizinda ephelelwe yisikhathi kanye nokwamukela izinqubomgomo ezijezisa ukulahlwa kwemfucuza okungekho emthethweni noma okungalawuleki. Izijeziso kufanele zivimbe ngokwanele futhi zihambisane nezinhlelo zokuhlola nokubeka izinto obala ezakha ukwethenjwa komphakathi.
Emkhakheni wezolimo nemfuyo, i Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zihlanganisa ukunciphisa umanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzaneLawula udaka nemfucuza ngendlela efanele, ubuyisele uthango, izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi kanye nosebe lomfula ezisebenza njengezihlungi zemvelo, futhi ukhuthaze amamodeli okukhiqiza ahlonipha kakhulu umhlabathi namanzi.
Ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye, umuntu ngamunye angakwazi nikela ngokuthinta kwansuku zonke, okuthi, kuhlanganiswe ndawonye, kube nomthelela omkhuluGwema imikhiqizo epakishwe kungenasidingo, sebenzisa kabusha futhi ugaywe kabusha ngendlela efanele, ungazisusi izinto zokusula noma imithi phansi endlini yangasese, ubambe iqhaza ekuhlanzeni indawo yemvelo kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela namaphrojekthi asebenzela ukuvikela amanzi, ahlanzekile nasolwandle.
Yonke le nethiwekhi yezenzo, kusukela ezivumelwaneni ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe kuya ezinqumweni ezincane zansuku zonke, ikhomba ohlangothini olufanayo: ukuyeka ukuphatha ulwandle njengendawo yokulahla futhi siluqaphele njengohlelo olubalulekile esithembele kulo, ekwazi ukusekela umnotho wonke, ukulawula isimo sezulu kanye nokuhlinzeka ngokudla nenhlalakahle ezigidini zabantu uma sikunakekela ngendlela efanele.
Ukubheka ngobuqotho ukungcola olwandle kusho ukucabangela lokho Ulwandle "alusagwinyi" yonke into, futhi imithelela iyanqwabelana. ngendlela yamapulasitiki emabhishi akude, izindawo ezifile ze-eutrophication, ama-cetaceans aphazanyiswa umsindo, izindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba ezinosawoti kanye nemiphakathi yasogwini ebona ikusasa labo lisengozini; kodwa futhi isimema ukuba sisebenzise ulwazi lwesayensi, ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye namandla ezakhamuzi okuguqula indlela futhi sibuyele olwandle okunye ebesikuthatha kukho.
