Kunezindawo ezibonakala zingaphandle kwenganekwane, kodwa ngaphansi kokuthula kwazo okubonakalayo kucashe usongo oluthule. Emachibini aphezulu asezintabeni zasePyrenees, inhlanzi encane ibilokhu idla izinto eziphilayo ezigcina ibhalansi yesimiso semvelo. I-minnow, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-veró ngesiCatalan, yafika nabantu yanda ngokungalawuleki, yaguqula amanzi aba luhlaza futhi yasusa izinhlobo zezilwane zasendaweni. Manje, ukungenelela okukhulu kuye kwakwazi ukuguqula isimo.
Iphrojekthi ye-European LIFE RESCE ALPYR isebenzise i-rotenone, ubuthi bezinhlanzi obubolayo, obususelwa ezitshalweni , emachibini amabili axhumene e-Alt Pirineu Natural Park: iTres Estanys del Mig kanye neTres Estanys de Baix. Ezinyangeni eziyishumi ngemva kokwelashwa, ososayensi baqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlanzi ezihlaselayo sezinyamalele ngokuphelele nokuthi indawo ezungezile isiqala ukululama. Imiphumela, eyanyatheliswa yi-Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), ikhombisa ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo ekukhanyeni kwamanzi kanye nokubuya kwezilwane ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini kanye nezilwane ezingenamgogodla ezazingakaze zibonwe kusukela ngo-2014.
Inkinga ethule emachibini aphezulu asezintabeni
I-minnow (i-Phoxinus spp.) ayiyona indawo yokuhlala yala machibi eqhwa. Yethulwa ngengozi njengesicupho esiphilayo sokudoba ama-trout okuzijabulisa, futhi amandla ayo okuzala aphezulu kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwayivumela ukuthi ihlale ngokushesha emanzini. Ngokudla i-zooplankton, izinambuzane, amaqanda, kanye nezibungu ze-amphibian, yashintsha ngokuphelele uchungechunge lokudla. Ukunyamalala kwezilwane ezincane ezinamagobolondo ezilawula ama-microalgae kwabangela ukuthi amanzi alahlekelwe ukukhanya futhi abe nombala oluhlaza okotshani, into eyaziwa ngokuthi i-eutrophication.
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi abaphathi bamapaki bezama ukulawula inani labantu ngamanetha, izicupho kanye nokudoba nge-electrofishing. Lezi zindlela zikwazile ukunciphisa inani lezinhlanzi, kodwa azizange ziphumelele ekuqedeni abasindile bokugcina. Kwathatha izinhlanzi ezimbalwa kuphela ezazifihliwe emadwaleni ukuze inani labantu lilulame. Isimo saba sibi kakhulu, kwathi ngoSepthemba 2025, kwenziwa isinqumo sokusebenzisa i-rotenone.
Isixazululo: ubuthi obulawulwayo
I-Rotenone iyinhlanganisela yemvelo ekhishwe ezimpandeni zezitshalo ezinamaqabunga. Isebenza ngokuvimbela ukuphefumula kwamaseli ezinhlanzini, okuyimunca ngemiphunga yazo. Nakuba ibola, ayiyona ingozi: iyisihlungu esingabulala noma iyiphi inhlanzi evezwe ekuhlungeni okwanele. Kodwa-ke, la machibi ayengenazo izinhlanzi zasendaweni ukuze zivikeleke, njengoba izilwane zakuqala zazihlanganisa amagciwane, izilwane ezinamagobolondo, izinambuzane, kanye nezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini.
Ukwelashwa kwasetshenziswa emachibini amabili, axhumene, okwakudinga ukusabalalisa i-rotenone kulo lonke uhlelo ngaphandle kokuba iphume iye emfuleni ongezansi komfula.
Ukuhlaziywa okulandelayo kuqinisekisile ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlala uvinjelwe futhi wonakalisiwe ngesivinini esilindelekile. Ngokusho kukaBarend L. van Drooge, umcwaningi kwa-IDAEA-CSIC, isigamu sokuphila kwe-rotenone sasiphakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-10 nezingama-20, okwanciphisa ukuqhubeka kwayo endaweni ezungezile futhi kwanciphisa umthelela wayo kwezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Imiphumela ngemva kwezinyanga eziyishumi
Ukuthatha amasampula okwenziwa ezinyangeni eziyishumi ngemuva kokungenelela kungatholakalanga ngisho neyodwa i-minnow kunoma yiliphi lamachibi amabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucaca kwamanzi kuthuthuke kakhulu, futhi izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini nezilwane ezingenamgogodla ezazingakaqoshwa selokhu kwaqala izinhlelo zokuqapha ngo-2014 seziphinde zavela. UMarc Ventura, umxhumanisi wephrojekthi ye-LIFE RESCE ALPYR kanye nomcwaningi eBlanes Center for Advanced Studies (CEAB-CSIC), uveza ukuthi umsebenzi wangaphambilini wemishini kungenzeka ukuthi wasiza ekulondolozeni ichibi lezinhlobo zezilwane zasendaweni odakeni, okuzochaza ukubuyiswa okusheshayo kweTres Estanys del Mig.
Umthamo wamanzi ahlanziwe udlula amalitha ayizigidi eziyi-100, ngokusho kwezilinganiso ezisuselwe endaweni engaphezulu kanye nokujula okumaphakathi kwamachibi. Lo msebenzi wawuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokuhlolwa kokuqala kokuhlola okwenziwe ngoSepthemba 2024 eLake Manhèra eVal d'Aran, ngenxa yokuxhumana phakathi kwamachibi amabili. UQuim Pou-Rovira, umqondisi weSorelló Estudis al Medi Aquà tic kanye nomphathi wezobuchwepheshe wephrojekthi, ugcizelela ukuthi le ndlela iye yabonakala isebenza ngisho nasezinhlelweni zamachibi amakhulu, axhumene.
Ukuqhathaniswa neminye imisebenzi
Impumelelo ePyrenees ihluke kakhulu kulokho okwenzeka ngesikhathi kuthululwa amanzi echibini lase-AlcollarÃn eCáceres, lapho uMnyango Wezokuguquka Kwemvelo wachitha khona amalitha amanzi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-50.000 ukuze kuqedwe enye inhlanzi ehlaselayo, i-Pseudorasbora parva. Ngokusho kukaPaco Castañares, owayenguMqondisi Wezemvelo we-Extremadura, lo msebenzi awuzange wehluleke nje kuphela kodwa wavumela nezinhlanzi ukuba ziphume phansi komfula, kwashiya umfula ugcwele izidumbu. Nokho, e-Alt Pirineu, i-rotenone yahlala emachibini futhi ayizange itholakale phansi komfula, okubonisa ukuthi ukulawula okuqinile komthamo nokusabalala kungavimbela umonakalo ohlangene.
UMarc Garriga, umqondisi we-Alt Pirineu Natural Park, uthi le miphumela yokuqala iyizindaba ezinhle kakhulu zokulondolozwa kwamachibi aphezulu asezintabeni. Iphrojekthi yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukubuyisa imvelo elahlekelwe yingxenye enkulu yezinhlobonhlobo zayo zezinto eziphilayo nokukhiqiza ulwazi oluwusizo lokubhekana nezinselele ezifanayo kwamanye amachibi asePyrenean. Ukuqapha kuzoqhubeka eminyakeni ezayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuqothulwa kuyagcinwa yini nokuthi imiphakathi yezinto eziphilayo ithuthuka kanjani.
Ukunyamalala kwe-minnow sekuvele kuveza izinguquko ezibonakalayo. Amanzi aphinde acwebezela, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini ziyazala futhi, kanti izilwane ezingenamgogodla ziphinda zibuyisele phansi kolwandle. Nakuba ukululama okuphelele kuzoba inqubo ehamba kancane, idatha yamanje ikhombisa ukuthi i-ecosystem isendleleni efanele. Ngaphansi kwaleyo ndawo ebonakala ingathintekile kwakunosongo oluthule, futhi ukuze kuqedwe, kuye kwadingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe esinye isilinganiso esingabonakali ngokulinganayo, kodwa esibulalayo kakhulu nesilawulwayo.
