Ubuhlungu ezinhlanzini buyinto engokoqobo iningi lomphakathi elingazi nhlobo. Nakuba kunokuthambekela kokucabanga ukuthi lezi zilwane azizizwa ngendlela efanayo nezilwane ezincelisayo, ucwaningo lwesayensi oluhlukahlukene luye lwaqinisekisa ukuthi zingase zibe nakho. ukuhlupheka okukhulu ezimeni eziningi eziqondene nezilwane zasemanzini nezokudoba. Ukunaka kwakamuva kwabezindaba mayelana nenhlalakahle yezinhlanzi kuye kwasikhanyisela ekuhlatshweni okuhlelekile kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha ezingaholela emaminithini amade okuhlupheka buthule ngaphansi kwamanzi.
ISpain ithatha indawo evelele ekukhiqizweni kwezilwane zasemanzini zaseYurophu, okusho ukuthi izigidi ziyaqoqwa futhi zihlatshwe minyaka yonke de peces ezindaweni zezimboni. Ngaphandle komthethonqubo othize futhi ophelele, i Ukuvikelwa okusemthethweni kwalezi zilwane cishe akukho, ukwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza kanye nezindlela zokuhlaba ezibeka phambili ukusebenza kahle komnotho kunenhlalakahle yezilwane.
Ubuhlungu obufihliwe ngemuva kwezindlela zomhlatshelo
Ucwaningo lwakamuva luveze ukuthi amasu okuhlaba anjenge ukuphelelwa umoya emanzini kanye nokushaqeka okushisayo imbangela a ubuhlungu obukhulu futhi obude ezinhlanzini. Ukusebenzisa ucingo I-Wellbeing Footprint Framework (WFF), ochwepheshe baye babala imizuzu yokuhlupheka lezi zilwane ezidlula kuzo ngemva kokukhishwa emanzini, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezifana ne-rainbow trout. Kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi, kuye ngezimo, inhlanzi ingakhuthazela phakathi Imizuzu emi-2 nengama-22 yobuhlungu obukhulu ngaphambi kokufa ngenxa yokuntuleka komoyampilo, ngokwesilinganiso cishe imizuzu eyi-10.
Lesi simo sinesilinganiso somhlaba sokulinganiswa okukhulu: Bangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2,2 abantu abafa unyaka ngamunye de peces zasendle kanye nezigidigidi ezingu-171 ezivela emapulazini ezinhlanzi emhlabeni jikelele. Izinqubo ezisabalele zenza a ubuhlungu obukhulu futhi obungabonakali, okwenziwa kubi nakakhulu ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yezimboni nemithetho igxilisa ukunakekela kwazo ezilwaneni ezincelisayo nezinyoni, okushiya izinhlanzi zisesimweni sokuntula isivikelo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezifana ukushaqeka okushisayo —okuhlanganisa ukucwilisa izinhlanzi eziphilayo eqhweni noma emanzini aneqhwa imizuzu emide—noma asfikisi ngokuqondile emanzini, ezimweni eziningi kubangela ukuthi izilwane zihlale ukwazi ngenkathi uhlushwa i-hypothermia, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, nokulimala kwesitho nezicubu. Imboni iyazithethelela lezi zinqubo ngezindleko eziphansi nobulula, kodwa ubufakazi besayensi bukhomba ku ukuhlupheka okungagwemeka nokuthatha isikhathi eside.
Izimo zepulazi lezinhlanzi: kusukela ekuminyana kuya ekucindezelekeni
El ukuminyana ngokwedlulele Emapulazini ezinhlanzi anamandla, lokhu kungenye yemithombo eyinhloko yokucindezeleka kwezinhlanzi. Bahlala emathangini noma emakhejini lapho bengakwazi ukunyakaza khona, okwandisa amazinga abo okucindezeleka futhi kwenze buthaka amasosha abo omzimba. Ukuxhumana njalo nezinsimbi nezinye izinhlanzi kubangela ukuguguleka kwe-fin, ukwehla kwesikali, kanye nokuziphatha okungavamile okuhlobene nalesi sifo. ukucindezeleka okungapheliNgaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi yamanzi empofu, enomoya-mpilo omncane kanye ne-ammonia eyengeziwe, kubangela ukuhlupheka okwengeziwe.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zisakazeka kalula Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, lokhu kuholela ekuqubukeni okuqhubekayo kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ama-parasitic, kanye negciwane elingavamile ukuthola ukunakekelwa okwanele kwezilwane. Ukulawula lezi zinkinga ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwama-antibiotic kanye nama-antiparasites, ngaphandle kokubhekana nembangela yobuhlungu kanye nezinga elibi lokuphila.
Ukuphatha nokuthutha: ukuhlupheka ngaphambi kokuhlatshwa
Izinqubo ze ukuhlukaniswa, ukuphatha kanye nokuthutha Bamele isigaba esisha sokucindezeleka nobuhlungu bezinhlanzi embonini. Ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kosayizi noma ukuthuthelwa ezilaheni, kusetshenziswa imishini yokudonsa kanye namanetha, okubangela imihuzuko, ukudabuka, kanye nokuchayeka isikhathi eside emoyeni, nangaphambi kokuhlatshwa. Ngemizuzwana embalwa nje iphumile emanzini, izinhlanzi ziqala ukuqunjelwa, ukudideka, nokuhlupheka okukhulu.
Ukuthutha emikhunjini yasenkulisa noma emathangeni ahambayo kuvame ukwenzeka ezimeni eziyinselele, ezinamazinga aphezulu okuminyana kanye nezinga eliphansi lamanzi. Izinhlanzi zingashayisana zodwa noma ezindongeni zethangi, zikhulise ukulimala futhi zikhulise ukungakhululeki kwazo.
Okunye kanye nezinselelo zokulawula
Ngenxa yalesi simo, ochwepheshe bahlongoza electrostimulation kanye percussion (ukushaya okuqondile ekhanda) njengezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokunciphisa isikhathi nokuqina kobuhlungu emhlatshelweni de peces. Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwalezi zindlela kungaba kunciphisa kakhulu ukuhlupheka kwangaphambi kokufaKodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni, kukhona amaphutha ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kanye nokuntuleka kokuqeqeshwa okuholela ekutheni izilwane eziningi zihlale ziqaphela ngesikhathi senqubo.
Nakuba izinhlanzi zibhekwa njenge izidalwa ezinemizwa Ezivumelwaneni nasezimisweni zaseYurophu, ukuntuleka kwemithethonqubo ecacile neqondile yezilwane zasemanzini nezokudoba kushiya izikhala eziningi. Ukuphatha nokwengamela ngokuvamile kuncike emithethweni ehlakazekile noma iziphathimandla zesifunda, okushiya izindinganiso zezenhlalakahle zisethunzini.
Izinhlangano zenhlalakahle yezilwane nochwepheshe besayensi bakhuthaza ukuba kube nomthetho othuthukisiwe wokuvikela izinhlanzi, odinga izindinganiso ezilinganiselwe ngokuphathelene nokuminyana, izindlela zokuhlaba, nokuphatha okubeka inhlalakahle yazo kuqala. Baphinde bacele ukuba sobala okukhulu kanye nokulawulwa kwezempilo ukusiza ukunciphisa ukufa nobuhlungu kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhiqiza.
Umphakathi nabathengi badlala a indima ebalulekile Ekuqwashiseni ngale nkinga nasekukhuthazeni izinguquko zokulawula ezigqamisa ukuhlupheka kwezinhlanzi. Imikhankaso esekelayo, ukucela ulwazi, kanye nokufuna amazinga aphezulu enhlalakahle kungaba negalelo ekuthuthukiseni isimo sezigidi zezilwane emapulazini ezinhlanzi nasekudobeni ngenjongo yokuthengisa.
