La ukufuywa kwezinhlanzi nge-microalgae Sekungomunye wemikhakha enamandla kakhulu futhi ethembisayo ekukhiqizweni kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka nje, sekusuke ekubeni ukusekelwa okucishe kube ukuhlolwa kwezibungu kanye nama-mollusk kwaba yingxenye ebalulekile kumamodeli okukhiqiza aqinile, izinhlelo ze-biofloc, izinhlelo ze-symbiotic, kanye nezindawo zokuhlanza ezinkulu ze-biorefinery. Ukufuywa kwezinhlanzi zanamuhla akusaqondakali manje. de pecesama-crustacean nama-bivalve ngaphandle kokucabangela indima ye-phytoplankton ekhuliswe kahle.
Ukuhlinzeka nge-microalgae ukudla okunempilo okusezingeni eliphezulu, ikhwalithi yamanzi ethuthukisiwe, kanye nezinsizakalo zemvelo Kunzima ukukhiqiza kabusha ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezivamile. Kusukela ekwakhiweni "kwamanzi aluhlaza" emachibini asemaphandleni kuya kuma-photobioreactors ayinkimbinkimbi alawulwa yikhompyutha, uhla lwezinhlelo zokusebenza lukhulu kakhulu. Kuyo yonke le ndatshana, sizochaza ngokuthula nangokucacile ukuthi ziyini, ukuthi zitshalwa kanjani, ukuthi zihlanganiswa kanjani ezinhlelweni zokufuya izilwane zasolwandle, izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwazo, nokuthi ucwaningo oluthuthuke kakhulu luya kuphi.
Ziyini i-microalgae futhi kungani zibaluleke kangaka ekukhuliseni izilwane zasemanzini?
Ama-microalgae ama-microorganism e-photosynthetic unicellular Zihlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemanzini, kokubili zasolwandle kanye nezamanzi ahlanzekile. Zakha umongo we-phytoplankton futhi ziyisisekelo sochungechunge lokudla olwandle, emachibini nasezindaweni zokungena kwamanzi. Izinhlobo eziningi ziyi-autotrophs eqinile (zikhiqiza ukudla kwazo ngokukhanya, i-CO₂, kanye nezakhamzimba ezingaphili), kodwa futhi kunezinhlobo ze-heterotrophic kanye ne-mixotrophic ezikwazi ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali e-organic.
Ngokombono webhayoloji, okulandelayo kungahlukaniswa: i-prokaryotic kanye ne-eukaryotic microalgaeAma-prokaryotes, njenge-cyanobacteria, awanawo i-nucleus yeseli echazwe kahle; ama-eukaryotes (ama-chlorophytes, ama-chrysophytes, ama-bacillariophytes, ama-haptophytes, ama-dinoflagellates, ama-euglenophytes, njll.) anama-organelles ahlelekile. Ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi, amaqembu afana nama-chlorophytes, ama-chrysophytes, ama-diatoms, kanye namanye ama-haptophytes avame ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okunomsoco kanye nokusebenza kwawo okuhle ekukhuleni okukhulu.
Nakuba kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezingaphezu Izinhlobo ezingu-30.000 ze-microalgaeZimbalwa kakhulu ezifundwe ngokujulile, kanti cishe ziyishumi zitshalwa ngokwezentengiselwano. Ukubaluleka kwazo akugcini nje ekondleni izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini: zibaluleke kakhulu nasekudleni kwabantu, ekudleni kwezilwane, kumanyolo, kumafutha emvelo, nasezimonyweni, kodwa lapha sizogxila endimeni yazo ekukhuliseni izilwane zasemanzini.
Ezindaweni zemvelo zasemanzini, ama-microalgae anesibopho se- ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo kanye nokufakwa kwe-CO₂ emhlabeni jikelele. Kusetshenziswa endaweni yokuchamisela, lokhu kuholela endaweni yokulima ethuthukisiwe uma kuphathwa ngokuhlakanipha, yize kungabangela nezinkinga ezinkulu (i-anoxia, ukuguquguquka kwe-pH, ukufa okungazelelwe) uma kungalawulwa.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-microalgae ezisetshenziswa ekulimeni kwezinhlanzi
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, kuye kwasungulwa iqembu elincane lezinhlobo ezicatshangelwayo "Inkomba" ye-microalgae ezindaweni zokuzalela kanye nezinhlelo zokukhuluphalisa, ngenxa yenani layo lokudla okunomsoco, ukugayeka kahle kanye nekhono lokukhula ezindaweni eziqinile zokukhula kwezilwane.
Phakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi:
- I-Chlorella (Amanzi ahlanzekile kanye ne-chlorophyte yasolwandle): icebile kakhulu ngamaprotheni namavithamini, isetshenziswa kokubili ekukhuliseni izilwane zasemanzini kanye nasezithasiseleni zabantu. Ekukhuliseni izilwane zasemanzini, isebenza njengokudla okuqondile kwezinhlanzi kanye nezimfanzi, futhi njengengxenye yokudla okuxubile kwama-larval.
- Spirulina (I-Cyanobacteria): eyaziwa ngokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwama-antioxidants nama-acid abalulekile amafutha. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengesengezo kanye nombala wemvelo ekudleni kwezilwane ukuze kuqiniswe umbala futhi kuthuthukiswe impilo.
- dunaliella (Chlorophyceae): umkhiqizi wemibala ye-carotenoid enezakhiwo ze-antioxidant; isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yombala yemvelo ekudleni de peces futhi kwezinye izimo njengomthombo wamakhemikhali asebenzayo.
- I-Nannochloropsis (i-eukaryote encane): ibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-omega-3 fatty acid kanye nobubanzi bayo obuncane kakhulu bamaseli, okulungele ukondla izibungu de peces kanye nama-crustacean.
- I-Tetraselmis suecica nezinye izinhlobo ze-Tetraselmis: ama-chlorophyte amakhulu, ahambayo anephrotheni enhle kanye nekhwalithi yamafutha, asetshenziswa kabanzi emapulazini asolwandle kanye nasezivivinyweni ze-biofloc.
- Isochrysis galbana kanye ne-Isochrysis sp.: ama-chrysophyte asolwandle acebile nge-DHA, ayisihluthulelo sezigaba zama-larval zama-bivalve nezinhlanzi zasolwandle.
- I-Chaetoceros muelleri y I-Thalassiosira weissflogii (ama-diatoms): abalulekile ekudleni kwama-mollusk nama-shrimp ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo kwe-EPA kanye nodonga lwawo oluthile lwamaseli.
Izifundo zokuqhathanisa zikhombisile ukuthi umthombo we-nitrogen wesikhungo sokutshala Kuthinta umkhiqizo kanye nokwakheka kwalezi zinhlobo ezincane ze-algae. Isibonelo, izifundo nge-Chaetoceros muelleri, i-Thalassiosira weissflogii, i-Isochrysis sp., kanye ne-Tetraselmis suecica zikhombisile ukuthi i-urea kanye nomanyolo ofana ne-Nutrilake kungashintsha amazinga okuhlukaniswa, i-biomass eyomile, okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, kanye nama-lipid, ngezimpendulo ezihlukile kuye ngohlobo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-microalgae ekukhuliseni izilwane zasemanzini: okungaphezu kokudla
Ukusetshenziswa okwaziwa kakhulu umsebenzi wayo njengo ukudla okuphilayo okunenani eliphezulu lokudla okunempiloKodwa akupheleli lapho. Ama-Microalgae asebenza futhi njengezihlungi ze-bio, abakhiqizi be-oxygen, abakhiqizi be-bioproduct, kanye nengxenye ebalulekile kubuchwepheshe bamanzi aluhlaza kanye nokufuywa kwezinhlanzi okusebenzisanayo.
Ukondla izibungu kanye namachwane
Ezigabeni zokuqala de pecesama-crustaceans nama-mollusk, ukudla kufanele kube okunomsoco kakhulu futhi okugayeka kalulaisimiso esiyinhloko ku umsoco wezilwane zasemanziniAma-Microalgae ahlinzeka ngamaprotheni asezingeni elihle, ama-polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA, DHA), amavithamini kanye nemibala ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni okufanele kwezitho zomzimba, ulwelwesi lwamaseli kanye nezinhlelo zezinzwa.
Ekulimeni izimfanzi zasolwandle (njengoba Litopenaeus vannameiAmasiko e-Tetraselmis kanye ne-Isochrysis abe yisihluthulelo sokufinyelela amazinga aphezulu okusinda kusukela esigabeni se-zoea III kuya ku-post-larva. Lawa ma-microalgae ahlinzeka nge-EPA (C20:5) kanye ne-DHA (C22:6), ama-fatty acid angatholakali emithonjeni yasemhlabeni futhi abalulekile ekukhuleni okunempilo ezindaweni zasolwandle.
Zisetshenziswa futhi njenge Isengezo sokudla kwezinhlanzi ezincane nezindala, kungaba ngokucwiliswa ngqo noma okufakwe ekudleni noma okuxubile. Izingxube ze-Spirulina, i-Nannochloropsis noma i-diatom ziyengezwa ukuthuthukisa umbala, ukukhuluphala, impendulo yomzimba kanye nekhwalithi ye-fillet.
Ukuthuthukiswa nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi
I-Microalgae iziphatha njenge izitshalo zokwelapha amanzi amdaka eziphilayoZibamba ama-nitrate nama-phosphate emanzini, izakhamzimba ezimbili, eziholela ekukhuleni kwe-eutrophic kanye nokwanda okungalawuleki kwe-algae engafuneki. Ukuzifaka ohlelweni kunciphisa ukuqongelela kwamakhemikhali e-nitrogen ne-phosphorus, kugcina indawo ezinzile yezilwane ezifuywayo.
Nge-photosynthesis, lawa ma-microorganisms Zikhiqiza umoya-mpilo futhi zidle i-CO₂Lokhu kusiza ukugcina amazinga amukelekayo omoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe emini futhi kuvimbela kancane ukugeleza kwe-carbon dioxide. Kodwa-ke, lo mphumela unezinhlangothi ezimbili: i-biomass eningi ingabangela i-anoxia enkulu yasebusuku kanye nokushintshashintsha kwe-pH, njengoba sizobona kamuva esigabeni samanzi aluhlaza.
Ukuhlunga nge-bio kanye nokuhlanzwa kwamanzi
Ezinhlelweni ezithuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, ama-microalgae afakwa njenge izihlungi ze-bio kumasekethe okujikeleza kwegaziUmgomo uwukuba basuse izakhamzimba ezincibilikisiwe. izinsimbi ezithile ezisindayo kanye nengxenye yomthwalo wezinto eziphilayo, okunciphisa isidingo sokushintsha okukhulu kwamanzi.
Kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zingakwazi gcina izinsimbi ezisindayo futhi unciphise inani lamagciwane abangela izifo ngokuncintisana ngezakhamzimba noma ngokukhiqiza ama-metabolites alwa namagciwane. Ekubuyiseleni kabusha izinhlelo ze-aquaculture (RAS) kanye nasemachibini axhunywe kuma-photobioreactors, lokhu kuholela ekuthwaleni okuphansi kwamagciwane angafuneki kanye nokungcola okuncane okungcolisa amanzi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo enenani eliphezulu
Nakuba kungesona ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko epulazini de pecesUkufuywa kwezinhlanzi ezincane ze-algae kuya ngokuya kuhlotshaniswa ne- indawo yokuhluza ulwelweKu-biomass ekhiqizwe, kungakhishwa amafutha acebile nge-omega-3, ama-carotenoid pigments, ama-antioxidants, ama-polysaccharides kanye nezinye izinto ezithakaselwayo zokudla kwe-premium, umanyolo, ama-biofuel kanye nezicelo zemithi.
Iphrojekthi yaseYurophu i-SABANA (Sustainable Algae Biorefinery for Agriculture and Aquaculture) ibonise ngezinga lezimboni ukuthi kungenzeka ukulima ama-microalgae nge amanzi angcolile asedolobheni nasezolimo kanye namanzi olwandleUkuhlanganisa ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo enenani elongeziwe: ukudla kwezinhlanzi, umanyolo wemvelo, kanye ne-biofuel. Le ndlela ifanelana kahle ne-bioeconomy eyindilinga futhi ikhumbuza Imodeli ye-Boiro algae valorization: ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamanzi nokudala imisebenzi ezindaweni ezisogwini.
Ukutshalwa kwe-microalgae: izinhlelo, imidiya kanye nemingcele ebalulekile
Enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ezikhangayo ze-microalgae yi- izinga lokukhula eliphezulu kakhulu kanye nekhono layo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ezinye izinhlobo zingaphinda kabili i-biomass yazo ngamahora ambalwa, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo okufanela izidingo zesikhungo sokuchamisela.
Izinhlelo ezivulekile kanye nama-photobioreactor avaliwe
Izitshalo zingahlelwa zibe amasistimu avulekile (amachibi angajulile, amachibi asemaphandleni, amathangi okwakha, izikhwama ezinkulu zangaphandle) noma ngaphakathi izinhlelo ezivaliwe (Ama-photobioreactors e-Tubular, ama-photobioreactors ephaneli eyisicaba, izikhwama ezihlanzekile, amaflaski elebhu). Inketho ngayinye inezinzuzo nezingozi zayo.
- En los amasistimu avulekile Zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga, azidingi ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okuningi, futhi zilungele kahle izimo zezulu ezifudumele ezinemisebe emihle yelanga. Kodwa-ke, ukugcina izinhlobo zezitshalo ezihlanzekile, ukulawula ukungcola okuvela kwezinye izinhlobo ze-algae noma i-protozoa, kanye nokulawula kahle imingcele efana nokushisa kanye nosawoti kuyinselele kakhulu.
- I-Los ama-photobioreactor avaliwe Zivumela ukulawulwa okuqinile kokukhanya, izinga lokushisa, izakhamzimba, i-pH, kanye nomoya. Ziyindlela ekhethwayo yokukhula kwe-axenic, izigaba zokukhiqiza i-inoculum, kanye nezivivinyo zokuhlola. Inkinga yazo enkulu izindleko zokufaka nokusebenza, ikakhulukazi lapho kusetshenziswa ukukhanya okwenziwayo.
Empeleni, izikhungo eziningi ziyahlangana amavolumu amancane alawulwayo elabhorethri (ukugcina izinhlobo ezihlanzekile nokukhiqiza i-inoculum) ngamathangi amakhulu noma amachibi asemaphandleni okutshala ngobuningi okuhloswe ngawo ukondla izibungu noma ukuthola i-biomass ukuze isetshenziswe kwezinye izinto.
Amapharamitha angokwenyama: ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa, umoya, kanye nokujula
Ukuze izitshalo zichume, kudingeka kulungiswe imingcele eminingana ngokucophelela. ukukhanyisa Ngokuvamile ibekwa phakathi kuka-2.000 no-4.000 lux kwezinhlobo eziningi, kanye nama-photoperiod angasukela ekukhanyeni okuqhubekayo (ukukhulisa izinga lokuhlukanisa) kuya emijikelezweni yasemini/ebusuku efana nokukhanya kwemvelo, okukhuthaza ukukhula okuzinzile nokunempilo.
La izinga lokushisa elifanele Kuyahlukahluka kuye ngeqembu: ama-diatom amaningi akhula kahle kakhulu phakathi kuka-15 no-20 °C kanti ambalwa abekezelela amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-28 °C, kuyilapho amanye ama-chlorophyte afana ne-Chlorella ebekezelela amazinga okushisa abanzi (cishe u-12,5–30 °C ezindaweni ezikhula ngaphandle). Ukujula kwethangi kubalulekile ekungeneni okwanele kokukhanya; ezinhlelweni ezijulile kakhulu, ungqimba olungezansi lungaba sebumnyameni.
La ukungenisa umoya Kusebenza ekwenzeni izakhamzimba zibe munye, kuvimbele ukubola kwenhlabathi, futhi kuhlinzeke nge-CO₂. Ezindaweni ezinkulu, kunconywa ukufaka inani elincane le-CO₂ (cishe u-0,5%) ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-photosynthesis futhi kuzinziswe i-pH. Ukuma kwesitsha nakho kudlala indima: kwamanye amathangi aklanywe kabi, ama-diatom avame ukuqongelela ezindaweni ezine-turbulence ephansi, okunciphisa ukukhula okuphelele.
Izidingo zamakhemikhali kanye nemidiya yamasiko
Ama-microalgae adinga, ngaphezu kokukhanya kanye ne-CO₂, isethi ye ama-macronutrients nama-micronutrients Lezi zidingo kumele zilungiswe ngokwezinhlobo nezinhlelo ngazinye. Ama-macronutrients abalulekile afaka i-carbon, i-nitrogen (ngesimo se-nitrate, i-ammonium, noma i-urea), i-phosphorus, i-silicon (ye-diatoms), i-magnesium, i-potassium, i-calcium, ne-sulfur. Izinto ezilandelwayo njenge-iron, i-zinc, i-manganese, ithusi, i-molybdenum, i-boron, ne-cobalt ziyadingeka ngamanani aphansi kakhulu kodwa zibaluleke ngokulinganayo.
Ukuqinisekisa ukwakheka okuhlala njalo kwe-medium, eziningi amafomula ajwayelekileLezi zinhlobo zezitshalo zifanelekela kokubili ukukhuliswa kwamanzi olwandle kanye namanzi ahlanzekile. Izinhlobo zezitshalo eziphawulekayo zifaka phakathi i-CHU 10, i-Miguel (Allen-Nelson), i-Erd-Schreiber, i-Yashima kanye nokuguqulwa kwayo, ukwakheka kwe-Guillard (f/2 kanye nezinhlobo), i-MET 44 ye-Bacillariophyceae, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo zamanzi ahlanzekile ezinezakhamzimba ezinkulu, izakhamzimba ezincane, amavithamini, kanye nama-buffer e-Tris-type. Ngayinye ifaneleka kangcono kumaqembu athile (ama-chlorophytes, ama-chrysophytes, ama-diatoms, njll.) kanye nezimo zokukhula.
Emikhiqizweni emikhulu yezentengiselwano kuvamile cebisa amanzi olwandle ngomanyolo wezolimo (i-urea, i-triple phosphate, i-ammonium nitrate) ngenxa yezindleko zazo eziphansi, noma ngisho nokusebenzisa umanyolo wemvelo emachibini asemaphandleni ahloselwe izinhlobo ezidla uhlaza njenge-carp. Into ebalulekile ukulinganisela izilinganiso ze-N:P:K nokuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukushoda kwezakhamzimba ezibalulekile.
Izindlela zokuhlukanisa, ukuhlanza kanye nokulawula amagciwane
Ukuze kutholakale amasiko athembekile, kusetshenziswa amasu ahlukene ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlanzwa kwezinhloboPhakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukubhoboza amapayipi e-capillary ngaphansi kwe-microscope (ukukhetha amaseli ngamanye amakhulu kuno-10 μm), ukugoba kwamapuleti e-agar anemidiya ethile ye-microalgae, kanye nokuxubana okulandelanayo okuhlanganiswe ne-clonal subcultures kuze kube yilapho kutholakala i-monocultures.
Ukuhlanzwa kuvame ukuhambisana nokusetshenziswa ngokucophelela kwe ama-antibiotics Ukuze kuncishiswe umthwalo wamagciwane ngaphandle kokulimaza kakhulu ulwelwe, izinto ezifana ne-Zobell's zisetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukuba khona kwamagciwane. Amasampula afakwa ezitsheni ze-Petri futhi ukukhula kwawo kuyabonwa. Ngokusekelwe kuphethini yekoloni, kunganqunywa ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka noma ngabe isiko liphilile.
Izindlela zokubulala amagciwane kanye nokubulala amagciwane
Kubalulekile ukugcina indawo ekhulayo namanzi kungenazo izinto ezingcolisayo. Ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi ezincane, lezi zinto ziyahlanganiswa. izindlela zokubulala amagciwane ngamakhemikhali nangokomzimbaPhakathi kwamakhemikhali, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium hypochlorite ukubulala amagciwane ezitsheni namanzi olwandle (kamuva ahlanzwa nge-thiosulfate), i-formaldehyde ukwelapha izindawo ezingcoliswe kakhulu, kanye nezixazululo ze-ethyl alcohol ezingama-70% zengilazi nemishini yelabhorethri kuyagqama.
Ngokuphathelene nezindlela zomzimba, ukushisa okunomswakama Ukusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile (i-tyndallization) kanye ne-autoclaving kuyizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-culture media, amavithamini, kanye nezitsha zengilazi. Ukuhlunga kusetshenziswa ama-membrane (0,45–5 μm) noma ama-cartridge okwenziwa kusetshenziswa kokubili izinhlelo ze-media kanye ne-aeration. Futhi i- imisebe ye-ultraviolet Kuye kwabonakala kuyisisetshenziswa esiwusizo kakhulu sokubulala amagciwane emanzini olwandle nokunciphisa kakhulu umthwalo wamagciwane emapulazini ezinhlanzi. de pecesukutshalwa kwama-oyster kanye nama-microalgae.
Izifundo eziningi zilinganise ukwehla kwamagciwane namagciwane ngokusekelwe ku- Umthamo we-UV (μW·s/cm²)okubonisa ukusebenza kahle okucishe kube yi-100% kumazinga okugeleza ahlukene kanye nokuhlelwa kwezinhlelo zokujikeleza kwegazi, amathangi okugcina kanye namayunithi okwelapha ukungcola.
Izinhlobo zokulima: ezimile, eziqhubekayo kancane, neziqhubekayo
Kuye ngezidingo zepulazi kanye nobukhulu bokukhiqiza, kusetshenziswa eziningana izinhlelo zokusebenza:
- Ukulima okumileIvolumu iyagonyelwa, ivunyelwe ukukhula ifinyelele esigabeni se-exponential noma ubuningi obuqondiwe, bese konke okuqukethwe kuyavunwa. Lena indlela ejwayelekile yokukhiqiza i-inoculum noma yokusebenzisa lonke ivolumu njengokudla ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Ukulima okungaqhubekiIngxenye encane yomthamo ivunwa njalo futhi igcwaliswe ngomshini omusha, okugcina ubuningi ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuthile. Lolu hlelo lusetshenziswa kabanzi ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo kwezibungu kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezifunza izihlungi, okulungisa izinga lokuxuba ukuze kwandiswe umkhiqizo oqhubekayo.
- Ukulima okuqhubekayo (Ama-turbidostate, ama-chemostat): ukufaka nokukhipha okuqhubekayo kwe-medium kanye ne-culture, kugcina ivolumu eqinile kanye nobuningi ekulinganeni okuguquguqukayo. Kudinga ukulawulwa okukhulu, kodwa kunikeza i-biomass efanayo kakhulu.
Amamodeli ezibalo afana nalawo ka I-Monod ne-Droop Lezi zindlela zisetshenziswe ukuchaza ubudlelwano phakathi kobuningi bamaseli, izinga lokuxuba, kanye nokukhiqizwa emasikweni aqhubekayo ezinhlobo ezifana neTetraselmis suecica, i-Isochrysis galbana, kanye neChlorella saccharophila. Izinga lokuxuba elifanele linqunywa kusukela kuma-curve okukhiqiza anjenge-parabolic, okwandisa i-biomass engavunwa ngenkathi kugcinwa isiko elizinzile.
Amanzi aluhlaza ekukhuliseni izinhlanzi: izinzuzo, izingozi kanye nobudlelwano nokufuya izinhlanzi okusebenzisanayo
Ikholi “amanzi aluhlaza” Kungumqondo obanzi ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi okubanzi nokujulile okungabizi kakhulu. Kubhekisela emanzini (amachibi, amachweba, amathangi asemakhaya) lapho umphakathi we-microalgae ubusa khona, okwenza amanzi abe nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa ye-chlorophyll.
Ngokombono ongokoqobo, amanzi aluhlaza angakhiqizwa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: ngokusebenzisa amasiko elabhorethri alawulwayo futhi kudluliselwe ohlelweni lokulima, noma ngokukhuthaza ukukhula kwe-phytoplankton echibini ngokwalo ngomanyolo kanye nokuphathwa kokushintshana kwamanzi.
Amanzi aluhlaza akhiqizwa elabhorethri
Le ndlela isebenza ku amathangi amancane noma izikhwama zepulasitiki ezivaliweKulesi simiso, kukhethwa izinhlobo ezithile (isibonelo, i-Tetraselmis sp. kanye ne-Isochrysis sp. yezibungu ze-shrimp), kanti ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa, kanye nezakhamzimba kulawulwa kusetshenziswa imithombo yokukhulisa ekhethiwe. Umphumela uba amanzi acebile ngama-microalgae awusizo futhi angenazo izinto ezingcolisayo.
Lolu hlobo lwamanzi aluhlaza lube lubalulekile ekufinyeleleni impumelelo ku- ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezinhlobo ezibalulekile njengeLitopenaeus vannamei, njengoba ivumela i-EPA ne-DHA ukuthi zinikezwe ngezilinganiso ezifanele kanye nosayizi bamaseli afanele izigaba ezahlukene zama-larval.
Amanzi aluhlaza akhiqizwa ngaphandle
Indlela yesibili ilula futhi iyonga kakhulu. Ihlanganisa ukuphatha izinguquko zamanzi kanye nokukhulelwa emachibini noma emathangini asemakhaya ngendlela ekhuthaza ukukhula kwe-phytoplankton etholakala ngokwemvelo. Azikho izinhlobo ezithile ezikhethiwe: izakhamzimba (i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, kanye nezakhamzimba ezincane) zengezwa, futhi ama-microalgae endawo avunyelwe ukwanda.
Lezi zinhlelo zivame ukubuswa izinhlobo ezisebenzisa amathuba njenge I-Chlorellaezisebenzisa kahle izakhamzimba ezihambisana nokuphathwa kwezolimo. Umphumela ungaba umthombo wokudla wemvelo omningi we-tilapia, i-penaeid shrimp, kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-planktivorous noma ze-omnivorous ezidla ingxenye enkulu ye-plankton.
Imikhawulo yokudla okunempilo kanye nezingozi zemvelo zamanzi aluhlaza
Nakuba ama-microalgae ayingozi Umthombo omuhle kakhulu wama-fatty acid abalulekileAmanzi aluhlaza, abhekwa njengomthombo owodwa we-trophic, avame ukuntula amaprotheni agayeka kalula kanye nezinye izakhamzimba ezinikezwa amabhaktheriya kanye ne-zooplankton ehlotshaniswa nobuchwepheshe be-biofloc. Ama-Biofloc ahlanganisa izinto ezibangelwa amabhaktheriya (nokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni okungu-43-50%), ama-microalgae, ama-protozoa, ama-microcrustaceans, ama-rotifers, kanye nama-nematode, okwenza "i-cocktail" elinganiselayo kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcwala ngokweqile kwe-microalgae kungabangela izehlakalo ze- i-anoxia yasebusukuEmini, ulwelwe lukhiqiza umoya-mpilo, kodwa ebusuku, lapho i-photosynthesis iphela, ludla umoya-mpilo ukuze luphefumule. Uma i-biomass iphezulu kakhulu, ukuhlushwa komoya-mpilo kungehla ngaphansi kuka-2 mg/L emahoreni ambalwa, okubangela ukufa kwesisindo. de peces noma i-shrimp.
Enye inkinga evamile... ukuguquguquka okunamandla kwe-pHEmini, ama-microalgae adla i-CO₂ kanye ne-bicarbonate, okunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-carbonic acid kanye nokuphakamisa i-pH. Ebusuku, ngaphandle kwe-photosynthesis, i-CO₂ iyaqoqana futhi i-pH yehla kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuthinta kokubili i-metabolism yezilwane kanye nezinqubo ezibalulekile ze-microbial, njenge-nitrification. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwe-alkalinity kungavimbela ukuqina kwe-exoskeleton kuma-shrimp, okwenza abe sengozini enkulu yokudla abantu kanye namagciwane.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, iziqephu ze "ukufa okungazelelwe"Ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwezimo (isibonelo, imvula enkulu eshintsha i-pH kanye nosawoti) kungabangela ukufa okukhulu kwe-microalgae; ukucwila kwayo phansi kanye nokubola okulandelayo kudala ungqimba olungenawo umoya, kukhiqize i-hydrogen sulfide, futhi kukhiqize i-cocktail enobuthi ebulala izinhlanzi ze-shrimp kanye ne-benthic. Uphawu olujwayelekile ichibi eliba sobala phakathi namahora ambalwa, nezilwane ezifile zintanta kulo.
Ukulima kwasolwandle okusebenzisanayo kanye nokulawulwa kwe-microalgae kusetshenziswa i-biofloc
Ezinhlelweni ze ukufuywa kwezinhlanzi okusebenzisanayoUbuchwepheshe obufana ne-biofloc kanye ne-aquamimicry buhlose ukuba umphakathi wamabhaktheriya kanye neqoqo elihambisanayo lamagciwane alawula uhlelo futhi agcine izimbali ze-microalgal zilawulwa. Amabhaktheriya akhiqiza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ama-enzyme afana nama-cellulase akwazi ukufihla izindonga zamaseli e-algae amaningi, awavimbele ukuthi alawule ngokuphelele imvelo.
Kulezi zinhlelo umbala wamanzi uvame ukuba onsundu, onsundu oluhlaza okotshani, noma ikhofiakukaze kube luhlaza okujulile. Ama-microalgae akhona, akha ingxenye yama-floc futhi anegalelo ekususweni kwe-ammonia nama-nitrate kanye nokukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo, kodwa inani lawo ligcinwa lilawulwa yisenzo samagciwane kanye nenethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi ye-trophic ye-biofloc.
Ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ukujikeleza kabusha kanye namaphrojekthi amakhulu ane-microalgae
Ngaphandle kwezindawo zokufuya izilwane zendabuko, ukufuya izilwane ezincane emanzini kungena esigabeni lapho kuqala khona ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, izakhamzimba kanye namandlaIsibonelo esicacile umsebenzi owasungulwa eziQhingini zaseCanary nge-Tetraselmis striata emathangini angaphandle angafika kumalitha ayi-10.000 asebenza ngendlela eqhubekayo kancane kancane.
Lolu cwaningo lufinyelele Phinda ujikeleze u-100% wendawo yokukhulisa izitshalo izinyanga ezimbili Ngemva kokuvuna, i-centrifugation supernatant yasetshenziswa kabusha ngqo ngaphandle kokwelashwa okwengeziwe. Akukho mehluko obalulekile owabonwa ekukhiqizeni, ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali, noma ekhwalithini yezinto eziphilayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo ezinamanzi ahlanzekile, okubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka yini ubuchwepheshe bamamodeli okujikeleza kabusha acishe aphelele.
Ezingeni lezimboni, lawa masu avumela ukunciphisa inani lemfucuza ekhiqizwa ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-84 futhi kwehliswe cishe ngo-51% amandla ahlobene nokupompa amanzi olwandle, okulingana nokwehla cishe ngo-7,5% ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuphelele kwenqubo yokukhiqiza. Ukukhiqiza ngaphandle kufinyelele cishe amathani angu-43,7 ngehektha ngalinye ngonyaka, kanti okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni kudlula u-50% ngaphandle komlotha, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ekudleni kwezilwane zasemanzini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-biomass etholakele ihlangabezane ne- Izindinganiso zokuphepha zaseYurophu ezinsimbini ezisindayo kanye nekhwalithi yezinto eziphilayo kokubili ekudleni kwezilwane kanye, mhlawumbe, kwabantu. Ezindaweni ezingamahektha ayi-10, lolu hlobo lwemodeli lungavimbela ukukhishwa okungenani kwamathani ama-3 e-nitrate kanye nethani eli-1 le-phosphate ngonyaka, okuqinisa indima yokufuywa kwezinhlanzi ezincane njengesixazululo sezinkinga zokungcoliswa kwezakhamzimba.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaphrojekthi afana ne-SABANA kanye nomsebenzi wezikhungo ezifana ne- I-ICMAN-CSICI-Andalusian Aquaculture Technology Centre (CTAQUA) kanye nezinkampani ezigxile kwi-phytoplankton yasolwandle zibonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-microalgae biotechnology, ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile, kanye nokufuywa kwezinhlanzi kuhlanganiswa kanjani. amamodeli e-bioeconomy ayindilinga ezingeni lesifunda kanye nelaseYurophu.
Iqiniso lamanje ukuthi ama-microalgae asevele akhiwe njenge- ithuluzi cross Ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi, i-phytoplankton ivumela ukondla izibungu ezidinga usizo, ukuzinzisa kancane ikhwalithi yamanzi, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamanzi, ukusebenzisa imfucuza, ukukhiqiza amakhemikhali anenani eliphezulu, nokusekela izinhlelo zokusizana eziqinile. Inselele isekuhlanzeni okwengeziwe kokutshala, ukulawula, kanye nezindlela zokujikeleza kabusha, kanye nokuqeqesha abalimi bezinhlanzi ngemikhuba yokuphatha esebenzisa izinzuzo zazo ngenkathi kunciphisa izingozi ze-anoxia, ukungalingani kwe-pH, noma ukufa kwabantu abaningi okuhlobene nokulawulwa okubi kwe-phytoplankton.
