El I-Mar Menor isibe yindawo yokucwaninga evulekile yangempela lapho isayensi, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nomkhakha wezolimo bezama ukusebenzisana ukuvimba iminyaka yokuwohloka kwemvelo. Okwamanje, izakhamuzi zisalokhu ziqaphela kakhulu umbala wamanzi kanye neziqephu zalokhu. “isobho eliluhlaza”Abacwaningi baqhubeka nokuthuthukisa amathuluzi okulinganisa okwenzekayo ngempela echibini laseMurcian.
Ngokuhambisanayo, Ezolimo endaweni ezungezile zizama ukuzivumelanisa nezinhlobo ezihlala isikhathi esidengamaphrojekthi ahlose ukunciphisa ukugeleza kwezakhamzimba nokuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kokunisela. Etafuleni, inselele efanayo: ukuqonda kahle ukuthi iMar Menor ishintshe kanjani eminyakeni eyishumi edlule nokuthi yini engenziwa, kusukela ezweni nasolwandle, ukunciphisa ingcindezi ohlelweni lwemvelo oludumile kakhulu lwaseSpain.
Imephu yedijithali ye-X-ray i-Mar Menor ngemininingwane eminingi
I-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), nge-Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN-CSIC), ithuthukise indlela ehlanganisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nezithombe ezivela kwisathelayithi i-Sentinel-2 ukutadisha ngokunemba okukhulu ukuvela kwekhwalithi yamanzi eMar Menor cishe iminyaka eyishumi.
Ucwaningo, lushicilelwe ephephabhukwini Ijenali yeHydrologyIncike ochungechungeni lwezithombe ezithathwe phakathi kukaJulayi 2015 noJuni 2024. I-Sentinel-2 inikeza ukulungiswa kwendawo kwamamitha ayi-10 ngephikseli ngayinye, okwanele ukulandelela ukuvela kwezindawo ezinkulu ezisogwini nokuthola izinguquko ezifanele esimweni sechibi, yize kungafakwanga imininingwane yezinto ezincane njengezikebhe ngazinye.
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zithombe, ithimba lesayensi liqaphele izinkomba ezimbili ezibalulekile: i-chlorophyll-a, esetshenziselwa ukulinganisa inani le-algae elikhona, kanye ukudungekaokubonisa inani lezinto ezilenga emanzini. Amazinga aphezulu alezi zinhlaka zombili avame ukuhlotshaniswa izinqubo ze-eutrophication kanye nokulahlekelwa yi-oxygen, izenzakalo ezimbili ezikhathazayo kakhulu eMar Menor.
Ukuhlaziywa akukhawulelwanga ekufundeni nje amanani, kodwa kusetshenziswe amasu okufunda komshini angagadiwe kanye nezindlela zezibalo ezithuthukisiwe. Lawa mathuluzi asivumela ukuthi siqoqe izindawo zaleli chibi ngokusekelwe ekuziphatheni kwazo kwemvelo, okuwusizo kakhulu ekuqondeni lapho izinkinga zigxile khona nokuthi ziguquka kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngenxa yale ndlela, abacwaningi bakwazile ukukhiqiza imephu yedijithali enesinqumo esiphezulu yeMar MenorImephu ikhomba ngokucacile izindawo eziwohloke kakhulu futhi ichaza amaphethini azo ezemvelo. Ngakho-ke le mephu iba yisisekelo esiqinile sokwenza izinqumo ngabaphathi kanye nohulumeni.
I-Rambla del Albujón kanye nezindawo ezintathu ezinkulu zemvelo echibini
Omunye wemiphumela evelele kakhulu yomsebenzi we-CSIC yi- ukuhlukaniswa kweMar Menor kube yizindawo ezintathu ezinkulu zemveloLezi zindawo zichazwa ngokwezimpawu zazo kanye nokuziphatha kwazo eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Lolu hlobo lokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo lusiza ukuhlukanisa imikhakha enozwelo oluhlukahlukene kanye nokusabela emiphumeleni yangaphandle.
Phakathi kwezindawo eziyinkinga kakhulu, okulandelayo kuvelele kakhulu: I-Rambla del Albujón, umzila wamanzi ogeleza uye echibini eliphakathi kweLos Alcázares ne-El Algar futhi osewakhiwe njenge enye yezindawo eziyinhloko zokungena kwezakhamzimba ohlelweni lwemveloIzithombe zesathelayithi kanye namamodeli e-AI ziyavumelana ekubhekiseleni kule ndawo njengenye yezindawo eziwohloke kakhulu.
Ucwaningo luphinde lubonise ukuthi le ndlela ivumela kanjani hlukanisa phakathi kwezinguquko zesizini, izitayela zesikhathi eside, kanye neziqephu ezithileNgakho-ke, ukushintshashintsha okuvamile kwehlobo ngalinye, okuhambisana nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa, akufani nokuthambekela okuqhubekayo okubi noma ukuphakama okungazelelwe okuhlobene ne-DANA (isolated high-level depression) noma izimvula ezinkulu.
Ngokusho kwabacwaningi abathintekayo, okuhlanganisa UPaola Barba no-Isabel CaballeroUkusetshenziswa kwama-algorithms ahlanganisa ama-pixel anezimo ezifanayo kwenze kwaba lula ukubona amaphethini abengeke aqashelwe. Lokhu kuye kwavumela abacwaningi ukuthi babone ukuthi izindawo ezithile zisabela kanjani ngendlela ehlukile ezigamekweni ezifanayo zokucindezeleka kwemvelo.
Leli zinga lemininingwane libaluleke kakhulu ku- ukuvuselelwa kohlelo kanye nezenzo zokuqaphaLokhu kuvumela ukubeka phambili izindawo ezibucayi kakhulu nokulungisa kangcono izinsiza ezitholakalayo, kokubili kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezomnotho.
"Isobho eliluhlaza", isiphepho se-DANA sika-2019 kanye nokulinganisela okusha kwemvelo
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha yeminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi akuvezi isithombe esingashintshi, kodwa kunalokho Ixhumanisa ngqo izinto ezingavamile ezitholakele nezenzakalo ezimbi kakhulu. okuye kwaphawula umlando wamuva weMar Menor. Phakathi kwazo kukhona "isobho eliluhlaza" elaziwayo lango-2016 nango-2017, lapho ukwanda kwe-algae kwafaka umbala emanzini futhi kunciphisa kakhulu ukugcwala komoya-mpilo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luxhumanisa izinguquko ezisheshayo ku-chlorophyll-a kanye nokusha kwenhlabathi kanye isiphepho se-DANA sika-2019 kanye neminye imicimbi yesimo sezulu elandelayoLezi zenzakalo zandise ukungena kwamanzi ahlanzekile, inhlabathi, kanye nezakhamzimba ezivela endaweni enamanzi. Lezi zigameko zishintshe kakhulu ukuguquguquka kwemvelo yedamu.
Enye yezinto ezitholwe ngendlela emangalisa kakhulu yile ukuhlonza isimo esisha sokulingana Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokusho kwababhali, amazinga e-chlorophyll-a kanye ne-turbidity abonakala ezinzile, okungase kusikisele ukuthuthuka. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi bacacile kuleli phuzu: Lokhu kuzinza akufani nokululama kweMar Menor..
Kunalokho, basikisela ukuthi ichibi ngabe lidlulele ku- ukusebenza okuhlukile kwemvelolapho amapharamitha ehlala ezungeze amanani angaguquki, kodwa asekude nalokho okungabhekwa njengesimo esinempilo. Ngamanye amazwi, uhlelo luye lwazivumelanisa nesimo sokucindezela okuqhubekayo, ngaphandle kokubuyela esimweni salo sokuqala.
Lolu shintsho ekulinganisweni, olutholwe ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwe-AI kanye nokubuka kwesathelayithi, luyisixwayiso kubahambi ngemikhumbi: Ukungabikho kokushaqeka okukhulu ezinkombeni akusho ukuthi inkinga isixazululiwe.kodwa imiphumela eqongelelwe ibeke "indlela evamile" entsha yezemvelo.
Amathuluzi okuphathwa kahle kwe-Mar Menor
Ngaphandle kwemiphumela yesayensi, indlela ethuthukiswe yi-ICMAN-CSIC iye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziwusizo kakhulu zokuphathwa kwemvelo yedamu kanye nezinye izindawo ezisogwini lwaseYurophu zibhekene nokucindezeleka okufanayo.
Okokuqala, ivumela lungiselela indawo yeziteshi zokuthatha amasampula Emhlabathini. Esikhundleni sokusabalalisa izinzwa nemikhankaso yasensimini ngokulinganayo, abaphathi bangagxila imizamo ezindaweni ezibucayi kakhulu noma ezimele, balungise kangcono inani lamaphuzu okulawula kanye nendawo yawo eqondile.
Lokhu kuhumushela ku- ukwehla kwezindleko zokuqapha kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinsiza ezitholakalayo, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla okuhlaziya. Eqinisweni, ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo ngesisombululo samamitha ayi-10 kunikeza izinga lemininingwane okunzima ukulifinyelela ngokuthatha amasampula endabuko kuphela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathuluzi alolu hlobo anikeza ulwazi oluqhubekayo nolubuyekeziwe mayelana nokuvela kwendaloLokhu kubalulekile esimweni sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nezehlakalo zesimo sezulu ezimbi kakhulu ezivame ukwanda. Ikhono lokubona kusengaphambili noma ukusabela ngokushesha "esobhoni eliluhlaza" elisha noma i-DANA (ukucindezeleka okuphezulu okuhlukanisiwe) kungenza umehluko omkhulu.
Umcwaningi U-Isabel CaballeroUmcwaningi oholayo ugcizelela ukuthi le ndlela, esekelwe ku-AI namasathelayithi, ingasiza ekuklameni izindlela zokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ekushintsheni komhlaba wonkeUmqondo uwukuthi ubuchwepheshe akufanele buthathe indawo yomsebenzi wasensimini, kodwa kunalokho kufanele buhambisane nawo futhi buwenze ube nobuhlakani.
Ezolimo ezintsha zokunciphisa ingcindezi echibini
Nakuba umphakathi wesayensi uthuthukisa amamodeli awo okulandelela, kukhona okunye okubalulekile okwenzekayo emhlabeni: ukuguqulwa kwezolimo esigodini saseMar MenorIphrojekthi ye-NewAgro Mar Menor, eqondiswa yi-Polytechnic University of Cartagena (UPCT) kanye ne-PROEXPORT, isebenza ngqo kuleyo ndlela.
Lolu hlelo, oluxhaswe yi- Isisekelo Sezinto Eziphilayo SoMnyango Wezinguquko Zemvelo kanye Nenselele Yokubalwa KwabantuKuhloswe ukuklama nokuhlola amasu athuthukile ezolimo ezenza kube lula ukushintshela kumamodeli okukhiqiza azinzile endaweni ezungezile echibini.
Le phrojekthi ihlelwe ngo- amabhlogo okusebenza amahlanu ahlobene, kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinzwa ukuqapha ukunisela kuya ekufakweni kwezitshalo ezizuzisayo kanye ukutshalwa kwe-algae ezitshalweni. Enye yezinto ezigxile kakhulu kuyo ukuqapha okuhlakaniphile kwamanzi okunisela, besebenzisa amathuluzi edijithali ukulungisa okokufaka amanzi nokunciphisa ukulahleka kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi kuya eMar Menor.
I-NewAgro nayo izibophezele ekuqalisweni kokusebenza kwe- izicupho ezihlakaniphile zokulawula i-lepidopteranLokhu kunciphisa isidingo sokwelashwa okujulile kwe-phytosanitary. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa ucwaningo mayelana Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen yamaminerali ngokusebenzisa i-biochar kanye nomphumela ohlangene wezinto ezivuselelayo kanye nokulungiswa kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabathini nasezitshalweni.
Esinye isigaba esifanele yilesi ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezindonga zezolimo Lezi zinto, ngale kokuhlukanisa nje izindawo, zisebenza njengezithiyo zezitshalo, zinikeza isiphephelo sezilwane ezizuzisayo, futhi zisekela izinsizakalo zemvelo. Konke lokhu kuhloswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yezolimo iyasiza ekunciphiseni ukugeleza kwezakhamzimba kanye nodaka oluya echibini.
Ukusatshalaliswa, ukudla kanye noshintsho lwezizukulwane ezungeze iMar Menor
Iphrojekthi ye-NewAgro Mar Menor ayigcini nje ngokucwaninga ezindaweni nasema-laboratory. Ngokubambisana ne- Inhlangano Yemindeni Nabesifazane Ezindaweni Zasemakhaya (i-AFAMMER)Ihlela imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa neyezobuchwepheshe ukuze ilethe lezi zinto ezintsha eduze kwabantu kanye nomkhakha okhiqizayo.
Phakathi kweziphakamiso, umbukiso esakhiweni se-CIM uvelele, lapho izinkampani nezinhlangano ezixhumene nemvelo yaseMar Menor Bangabonisa imikhiqizo yabo, izinsizakalo, kanye namaphrojekthi ahlobene nokusimama kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha emkhakheni wezolimo. Umqondo uwukuba abalimi, imindeni, kanye nezivakashi bazibonele mathupha ukuthi imizamo yokushintsha imodeli yamanje iyaqhubeka kanjani.
Ukudla kwezilwane nakho kudlala indima yako, ngemiboniso yokupheka bukhoma eyenziwe ngabapheki abavela eSifundeni saseMurcia, njenge UDavid López, ovela endaweni yokudlela yase-Local de EnsayoKulezi zikhathi, kulungiswa izindlela zokupheka zendabuko ezivela esifundeni saseCampo de Cartagena, kugxilwe kakhulu inani lemikhiqizo yendawo kanye nefa lokudla lendawo.
Kwabancane, okulandelayo kuhlelwe imihlangano yokusebenzela yamarobhothi, ukupenda kanye nezolimoInhloso ukujwayelanisa izizukulwane ezintsha ngemibono efana nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zokunisela, ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngendlela efanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphrojekthi [ezihlokweni ezizoxoxwa ngazo] ayaboniswa. ushintsho lwezizukulwane kanye nendima yabesifazane ezindaweni zasemakhaya, isici esibalulekile sokuthi ushintsho lwemodeli luhlale isikhathi eside.
Uma zihlanganiswa, lezi zinhlelo zihlose Ukuvikelwa kweMar Menor akufanele kuthathwe njengendaba yobuchwepheshe noma yokuphatha nje.kodwa njengomsebenzi ohlangene othinta umnotho wendawo, isiko lokudla, imfundo kanye nobumbano lomphakathi endaweni.
Ngenhlanganisela ye amamephu edijithali anesinqumo esiphezulu, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nezolimo ezintshaI-Mar Menor ingena esigabeni lapho siqonda kangcono kakhulu okwenzekayo ngaphansi kobuso bayo nokuthi yiziphi izindlela ezisekelwe emhlabeni ezingenza umehluko. Idatha ikhomba ohlelweni lwezemvelo olushintshile futhi oluhlala lungaphansi kwengcindezi, kodwa futhi nokuvela kwamathuluzi namasu, uma esetshenziswa njalo nangendlela ehlelekile, angasiza ekuqondiseni ikusasa lawo eSpain futhi asebenze njengesibonelo kwamanye amachibi nezindawo ezisogwini eYurophu.
