Iminyaka eminingi, abatshuzi abaningi ababehlola izixhobo zaseFrench Polynesia babecabanga ukuthi babukele "Traditional" clownfishUmbala wayo osawolintshi kanye nesiphephelo phakathi kwama-anemone kwakubonakala kungaqondakali.
Ucwaningo lwesayensi lusanda kuqeda lowo mbono: lokho okubizwa nge- "Polynesian anemonefish" akuyona into ehlukile yendawo, kodwa. uhlobo olusha lwesayensi, enomzila wayo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ehlukene nezihlobo zayo eziseduze.
Uhlobo lwe-clownfish olukhonjwe e-French Polynesia
Ucwaningo, oluholwa ngu James L. O'Donnell (University of California, Santa Cruz) futhi yanyatheliswa kumagazini i-ZooKeys, iqinisekisa ukuthi kunjalo I-Amphiprion maohiensisIsiphetho sifinyelelwe ngokuhlanganisa amasampula enkambu nokuhlaziywa kofuzo kwesimanje kanye nokuhlolwa okukhulu kwezithombe.
Sekungamashumi eminyaka, izibonelo nge i-cola ewolintshi kusukela engxenyeni esempumalanga yePacific, babuthana eduze kwe-clownfish Iglue emhlophe Ukusuka e-Australia kuye eMicronesia. Ukuphikelela kwalokhu kuhluka kwendawo kuphakamise izinsimbi zokuxwayisa: kungenzeka i-cryptic speciation ngemuva komehluko ocashile kodwa ongaguquguquki.
Iwashi lokuziphendukela kwemvelo nokuhlolwa kofuzo
Isignali ye-DNA ibeka ukuhlukana phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezintsha zasePolynesia nesihlobo sayo esiseduze kakhulu 1,5 izigidi zeminyaka, ibanga lokuziphendukela kwemvelo elimangalisayo eliqondana nezithiyo ze-oceanographic ukuthi ukushintshaniswa kwezibungu okulinganiselwe phakathi kwePacific emaphakathi nentshonalanga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithimba labhala izici ezihlukile ze-anatomical ngezibonelo zasePolynesia—njengamaphiko amade kancane emhlane kanye nasesifubeni—okuqinisa ubunikazi bawo njenge igatsha elihlukile lohlobo lwe-Amphiprion.
Ukuphila phakathi kwama-anemones: ukuzivumelanisa nokuvumelana
I-clownfish entsha ihlala phakathi kwamatende ahlabayo we I-anemone enhle kakhulu (Radianthus magnifica)indawo engaba yingozi ezilwaneni eziningi. Isikhumba sayo sikhiqiza a "isihlangu samakhemikhali" okunciphisa ubuthi, okuvumela ukuhlalisana okungenangozi.
Lesi isibonelo sakudala se ukuzwanaLe nhlanzi ithola isiphephelo ezilwaneni ezizingelayo futhi, ngokubuyisela, ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo komninikhaya kuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwamanzi futhi kuletha ukudla eduze kwe-anemone.
I-epithet maohiensis Kubhekiselwa egameni lesiko elithi "maohi," elisho ukuthi "kusuka ezweni lendabuko," ukuvuma ngekhanda kwendawo ogcizelela ukuhluka kwezinto eziphilayo zalezi zixhobo.
Amamephu okusabalalisa kanye nesayensi yesakhamuzi
Ukuchaza ubukhona bayo, ithimba lihlaziye okungaphezu kwalokho Izithombe ze-800 inikelwe ngabatshuzi kanye namavolontiya. Lokhu kubambisana kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukudweba amamephu okusabalalisa anembayo futhi kuqinise umehluko ozinzile ku-morphology nezakhi zofuzo.
Elinye lamaphethini acace kakhulu yi-gradient entshonalanga-empumalanga: ubuningi bezinyoni ezinomsila omhlophe ngasentshonalanga ye-Pacific kanye nezinyoni ezinomsila owolintshi ngasempumalanga ye-Pacific, umngcele we-biogeographical osekela ukuqashelwa izinhlangano ezimbili ezihlukene.
Ukufaneleka kweYurophu kanye nokongiwa kwezixhobo
Nakuba lokhu kutholakala kutholakala eFrench Polynesia—indawo yaphesheya kwezilwandle exhumene neYurophu—lezi zindaba ziyathakazelisa umphakathi wesayensi futhi ama-aquariums ezwekazini ngenxa yomlayezo wayo oyisisekelo: Kusenezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezisazochazwa Futhi imingcele phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane ingase ingabonakali ngaphandle kwedatha ye-genomic kanye nochungechunge olubanzi lokubuka.
Ukuqashelwa okusemthethweni kwe I-Amphiprion maohiensis Igxile ekuvikeleni izixhobo zendawo, iziphephelo zezinhlobo eziyingqayizivele. Ukugcina ubuqotho balezi zimiso zemvelo kuyisihluthulelo ukongiwa, ucwaningo kanye nezokuvakasha kwemvelo eziphethwe kahle.
Lokhu kusengaphambili kuthumela umlayezo ocacile: inhlanganisela ye umsebenzi wasensimini, i-genomics kanye nesayensi yesakhamuzi Ingadalula izinhlobo "ezingabonakali" ngeso lenyama, futhi iqondise izinqumo zokuphatha olwandle ukuze kuzuze izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemiphakathi ethembele kuzo.
