Izimiso zemvelo zasemanzini njengamanje zibhekene nezinselele ezinkulu ezithinta ibhalansi yazo yemvelo kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuzo. Ukwanda kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlaselayo, ukungcola kwamanzi, kanye nokuphathwa kabi kwemfucuza yizinto ezibeka engcupheni kokubili izilwane nezitshalo, futhi zithinta umnotho kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila kwemiphakathi eseduze.
Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, izinhlelo ziyavela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba ezifuna ukuguqula ukuwohloka kwemvelo, ziguqule izinkinga zibe amathuba, futhi ziqinise ukuqwashisa umphakathi ngokubaluleka okubalulekile kokulondoloza impilo yemifula, amachibi kanye nolwandle.
Izitshalo zasemanzini ezihlaselayo kanye nemiphumela yazo kuma-ecosystem
Ukusabalala okungalawuleki kwezitshalo zasemanzini ezihlaselayo kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Isibonelo esicacile yindaba ye- water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) , uhlobo oluvela e-Amazon, okwathi, ngemva kokungeniswa emachibini nasemifuleni eMexico, lwakwazi ukuphindaphinda ukuba khona kwalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje. Lesi sitshalo, nakuba sibonakala siwukuhlobisa nje, sivala imisele yamanzi, sinciphise amazinga omoya-mpilo emanzini, futhi simelela usongo lwangempela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasendaweni , oluthinta kokubili ukudoba kanye neminye imisebenzi yezomnotho ehlobene namanzi.
Okwamanje, iHydrilla verticillata , esinye isitshalo esihlaselayo esitholakale eCiénaga Grande de Santa Marta eColombia, sitholakale njengento enciphisa kakhulu amazinga omoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe, okudala umthelela omubi kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphezulu okungcola kwezinto eziphilayo. Lezi zinhlobo ziphazamisa imijikelezo yemvelo, zibangele izinguquko zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ohlelweni lwemvelo, futhi zingasiza ekunyamalaleni kwezinhlobo zemvelo.
Umthelela wokungcola kanye nokulawulwa kwemfucuza okunganele
Ukungcola kwamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nogu lolwandle kungenye ingozi enkulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Isibonelo, ePichicuy Bay, ukuvuza kwemisele yezimboni emifuleni nasemifuleni kuye kwaletha izinsimbi ezisindayo kanye namakhemikhali ayingozi njenge-arsenic, i-lead, ithusi, nezinye, okubeka usongo kokubili ezilwaneni zasendle kanye nempilo yabantu. Ukuchitheka kwamanzi angcolile angalashwanga kanye nokuphathwa kabi kwemfucuza eqinile ezindaweni ezifana neNueva Venecia nakho kudala umthwalo omkhulu wezinto eziphilayo, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla okuzihlanza kwemvelo kwamanzi kanye nezingozi ezandayo emiphakathini encike kulezi zindawo zemvelo.
Lolu hlobo lokungcola, kanye nokuba khona kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo, kwandisa izinkinga zemvelo nezenhlalo. Ukuncipha komoya-mpilo kanye nokuba khona kokungcola kuthinta ngqo ukuzala nokusinda kwezinhlobo eziningi , kunciphisa ukuceba kwezinto eziphilayo zalezi zindawo zokuhlala.
Ukuqamba nokusetshenziswa okuzinzile njengempendulo
Bebhekene nobunzima besimo, kuye kwavela ezinye izindlela ezifuna ukunikeza imfucuza yezitshalo impilo yesibili futhi ziguqule izinsongo zibe amathuba . Echibini laseTecocomulco (eMexico), abacwaningi basebenzise i-water hyacinth ukuthuthukisa isisekelo sokutshala amakhowe adliwayo ohlobo lwePleurotus . Le nqubo ayisizi nje kuphela ekuhlanzeni izindawo zamanzi, kodwa futhi ikhuthaza umnotho ojikelezayo futhi idale amathuba emisebenzi amasha kanye nentuthuko yendawo.
Ngokusebenzisa izinsalela ze-hyacinth yamanzi esikhundleni sokuzishisa noma ukuzishiya, akugcini nje ngokusetshenziswa kwe-biotechnology, kodwa futhi nomthelela omuhle emvelweni . Imizamo efanayo inganwetshwa nakwezinye izindawo ezithintekile, okubandakanya abantu bendawo ekuthuthukiseni izixazululo ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo.
Ukuzibandakanya komphakathi nezinhlelo zokubuyisela
Amaphrojekthi afana noHlelo Lokuqapha Imvelo Yomphakathi e-Lower Urubamba abonise ukusebenza kahle kokubandakanya imiphakathi ngokwayo ekuqapheni nasekulondolozweni kwezinsizakusebenza zayo zasemanzini. Lezi zinhlobo zamamodeli zihlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe nolwazi lwendawo, okwenza kube lula ukuqapha imiphumela yezemvelo kanye nokukhuthaza umthwalo wemfanelo owabiwe.
Okugqamile kufaka phakathi:
- La ukuhlanza ngomshini kusuka ezindaweni ezithinteke kakhulu izitshalo ezihlaselayo.
- Ukudalwa kwe izindawo zokuqeqesha kanye nokuqwashisa izingane, intsha kanye nabantu abadala mayelana nokugaywa kabusha, ukuphathwa kwemfucuza kanye nokubaluleka kokuhlukahluka kwemvelo yasemanzini.
- Ukuqaliswa kwe- amaqembu asebenzayo namakomidi ahlanganyelwe phakathi kweziphathimandla, ochwepheshe kanye nezakhamuzi ukuze bavumelane ngamasu okubuyisela kanye nokulandelela izibopho.
Le nhlanganisela yesayensi, imfundo, nokubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi kunomthelela ekuqiniseni ukuzibophezela ngokubambisana kanye nokusimama kwesikhathi eside kokungenelela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukubaluleka kokulondoloza izinto zemvelo eziphawulekayo njengezindawo zotshani basemanzini iPosidonia oceanica oLwandle iMedithera. Kunokuba kube yinkinga, ukuba khona kwazo emabhishi kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuguguleka komhlabathi nokugcina ingcebo yezinto eziphilayo nezindawo ezinhle. Izinhlangano eziningi nososayensi basekela izinqubomgomo zokuphatha ezibeka phambili ukulondolozwa nokwaziswa komphakathi kunokususwa kalula kwalezi zinsalela zezitshalo.
Iqhaza lokusebenzisana nokuxhasa ngezimali okusimeme
Ukubambisana phakathi kwezikhungo zikahulumeni, imiphakathi, ososayensi, kanye namabhizinisi kubalulekile ukuze kuphumelele noma yiliphi isu. Kulokhu, ukukhishwa kwezibopho eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumelela intuthuko ebalulekile: lawa mathuluzi ezezimali avumela ukuqoqa imali ngqo yamaphrojekthi akhuthaza ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini kanye nezinhlelo zemvelo zasolwandle, njengokwelashwa nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi amdaka, ukubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi yezomnotho esimeme njengokuvakasha okunomthwalo wemfanelo kanye nokufuywa kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle.
Ukwamukela izixazululo ezintsha nezimeme kuya ngokuya kuphuthuma, futhi amamodeli afaka bonke abadlali bezenhlalakahle futhi ahlinzekele ukufinyelela ezinsizeni nokuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe cishe azosebenza kakhulu.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini zibhekene nesikhathi esinzima, sithonywa kokubili izingcindezi zemvelo kanye nesenzo somuntu. Nokho, okuhlangenwe nakho kwamuva kubonisa ukuthi, ngobuhlakani, ukubambisana, nokuzinikela, kungenzeka ukuhlehlisa umonakalo, ukubuyisela izimiso zemvelo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imifula, amachibi, izilwandle namachibi kuyaqhubeka kuyizindawo ezigcwele ukuphila nokunotha ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.