Ukuhlonzwa kwamuva kwezinhlobo ezintsha zamaxoxo eCordillera del Cóndor , eningizimu ye-Ecuador, kuphinde kwaletha ukunaka kwenye yezindawo eziyingqayizivele eNingizimu Melika. Kule ndawo enezintaba exhumanisa i-Andes ne-Amazon, ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe libhale ngezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini ezazingaziwa ngaphambili yisayensi.
Lokhu kutholakala akugcini nje ngokwandisa uhlu lwezinhlobo zohlobo lwe- Pristimantis , kodwa futhi kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwemvelo kwe-Cerro Plateado Biological Reserve , indawo engakahlolwa kakhulu. Kumphakathi wesayensi waseYurophu, okuhlanganisa nomphakathi waseSpain, le miphumela isebenza njengesilinganiso sokuqonda ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezindawo ezikude kuthinteka kanjani yingcindezi yabantu kanye noshintsho lomhlaba wonke.
Amaxoxo amasha eCordillera del Cóndor: okubalulekile ekutholakaleni kwezinto eziphilayo
Iqembu labacwaningi liqinisekisile ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezintsha zamaxoxo ohlangothini lwase-Ecuador lweCordillera del Cóndor, izintaba eziseduze nomngcele nePeru. Lo msebenzi wenziwa eCerro Plateado Biological Reserve , indawo evikelwe esesifundazweni saseZamora Chinchipe, enkabeni yesifunda sase-Amazon esiseningizimu yezwe.
Lolu cwaningo, olushicilelwe ephephabhukwini lesayensi lamazwe ngamazwe i-PeerJ , luchaza ngokuningiliziwe i-Pristimantis verrucosus , i-Pristimantis plateado , kanye ne -Pristimantis melanops . Lawa maxoxo angaphansi kwe- Huicundomantis , iqembu eliyisici se- Andes eshisayo lapho amarekhodi amasha ehlala evame khona ngenxa yokuhlolwa okulinganiselwe okuhlelekile kwamahlathi ayo amafu kanye nezintaba ezikude.
Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zingaphansi kohlobo olukhulu lwe- Pristimantis , olubhekwa njengolunye lwezinhlobo zezilwane eziphila emanzini ezihluke kakhulu emhlabeni. Ezindaweni zezintaba njenge-Cordillera del Cóndor, ukuhlanganiswa kwezindawo eziphakeme, ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo, kanye nezimo zezulu ezihlukile kusiza ukuvela kwezinhlobo ezitholakala endaweni ethile ezingatholakali kwenye indawo emhlabeni.
Kusayensi yaseYurophu naseSpain, lolu hlobo lokutholakele e-Amazon basin luyisisekelo sokuqonda ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kukhiqizwa futhi kugcinwe kanjani ezindaweni ezishisayo. Amaphrojekthi amaningi okulondolozwa kwemvelo nocwaningo axhaswe yiYurophu asebenzisa izinqolobane ezinjengalezi njengenkomba yokubeka phambili izindawo ezivikelwe noma ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Umzamo ohlanganyelwe phakathi kwezikhungo zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe
Ithimba elibhekele ukutholwa kwalokhu liholwa abacwaningi abavela kwi- Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL) , abahola umsebenzi wasensimini kanye nencazelo ye-taxonomic. Ochwepheshe abavela e -Ovidius University of Constanta , eRomania, kanye ne-Green Jewel Foundation nabo bahlanganyele, beqinisa ingxenye yomhlaba wonke yalo msebenzi.
Ngokusho kwesitatimende esivela ku-UTPL, i -Cerro Plateado Biological Reserve ibilokhu iyisizinda sezinkambo eziye zavumela abacwaningi ukuthi babhale phansi la maxoxo. Yindawo ephakeme kakhulu etholakala eCordillera del Cóndor, lapho amahlathi ase-Andean kanye nezindawo zemvelo zase-Amazon kuhlangana khona, okudala izinhlobo eziningi zezindawo zokuhlala endaweni encane kakhulu.
Ukubamba iqhaza kwezikhungo zaseYurophu, njengeyunivesithi yaseRomania ehilelekile ocwaningweni, kugcizelela isithakazelo esivezwa yisifunda ngale kweLatin America. Idatha etholakele ihlobene nemigqa yocwaningo oluqhutshwa yizikhungo zesayensi e-European Union ezihlaziya umthelela wokubhujiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala ezishisayo kanye nemiphumela engaba khona ezinqubweni zomhlaba wonke, okuhlanganisa nokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu.
Lokhu kubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, okuzuzisa abacwaningi bendawo kanye nabalingani bangaphandle, kuvula futhi umnyango wamaphrojekthi ahlangene esikhathi esizayo ezindaweni ezifana nokuqapha isikhathi eside izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kososayensi abasebasha baseLatin America naseYurophu.
Indlela izinhlobo ezintsha ezitholakala ngayo: izakhi zofuzo, isimo sazo, kanye nomsindo
Lolu cwaningo lwalusekelwe ekuhlanganisweni kokuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo , ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwesimo semvelo, kanye nokuqoshwa kwezingcingo zamaxoxo—indlela ebanzi manje ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni izinhlobo ezihlobene eduze ngaphakathi kwamaqembu ahlukahlukene njengePristimantis . Kuphela ngale ndlela enezici eziningi lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthola umehluko ongabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ngeso lenyama.
Elabhorethri, amasampula ezicubu avumela abacwaningi ukuthi baqhathanise ukulandelana kwe-DNA okuvela ezinhlotsheni ezintsha nalezo zamaxoxo asevele echazwe. Umehluko wezakhi zofuzo otholakale , kanye nezici ezithile zomzimba—njengokuthungwa kwesikhumba, ukulingana kwezitho, kanye nokuma kwekhanda—kanye namaphethini athile ekukhulumeni kwawo, kwaholela ochwepheshe ekuphetheni ngokuthi lezi kwakuyizinhlobo ezazingabhalwanga ngaphambili.
Umcwaningi uPaul Székely , oxhumene ne-UTPL Museum of Zoology kanye nomunye wababhali abaphambili balolu cwaningo, uveza ukuthi kuvamile ukuthola izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini zisanda kufunda isayensi ezindaweni zase- Andes ezishisayo lapho zihlola izindawo ezingavakashelwa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ugcizelela ukuthi ukuhlonza okuqinile kudinga umzamo oqhubekayo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamasu ahlukene okuhlaziya.
Kumphakathi wesayensi eYurophu naseSpain, indlela esetshenziswayo ihambisana nemikhuba esetshenziswa ezifundweni zezilwane zasendle ePyrenees, ezintabeni zaseCantabrian, kanye nase-Alps, lapho izakhi zofuzo, isimo, kanye ne-bioacoustics nazo zihlanganiswa khona ukuze kucaciswe ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyimfihlo. Lokhu kuhlangana kwendlela kwenza kube lula ukuqhathanisa nokuxoxa ngemiphumela ngaphakathi komongo womhlaba wonke.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okumangalisayo: amaxoxo angenaso isigaba se-tadpole
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zala maxoxo amasha umjikelezo wawo wokuphila . Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini ezidlula esigabeni sonoshobishobi emanzini, izinhlobo ezichazwe eCordillera del Cóndor zibonisa ukukhula okuqondile : amaphuphu aphuma eqandeni njengamaxoxo amancane akheke ngokugcwele, ngaphandle kwesidingo sesigaba sobushobishobi basemanzini.
Leli cebo lokuzala libhekwa njengendlela evamile yokushintshashintsha kwezilwane zasemanzini asezintabeni , lapho imithombo yamanzi ingase ibe yindlala, yesikhashana, noma ingazinzi. Ngokuncika kakhulu emachibini nasemifuleni ukuze zizale, la maxoxo angahlala ezindaweni ezincane phansi kwehlathi, phakathi kwamaqabunga, noma ezitshalweni, esebenzisa izinsiza ezitholakalayo ngokugcwele.
Ngokombono wocwaningo lwaseYurophu, lezi zinhlobo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo ziyathakazelisa kakhulu ekutadisheni ukuthi izinto eziphilayo zisabela kanjani ezimweni zemvelo ezidingayo. Ezimweni zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu , ukuqonda amasu asetshenziswa yizinhlobo zezintaba eziphakeme kunganikeza izinkomba mayelana nokuqina kanye nokuba sengozini kwemiphakathi ehlukene yama-amphibian, kokubili e-Andes nasezintabeni zaseYurophu.
I-Cordillera del Cóndor, ngokuxhumanisa imvelo yase-Andean kanye ne-Amazon, inikeza ilebhu yemvelo eyingqayizivele yokuhlola ukuvela kwalezi zici. Ukutholakala kwamaxoxo athuthuka ngqo kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi lena yindawo ebalulekile yokuqonda ukuhlukahluka kwezilwane zase-Neotropical.
Isifunda esinezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezingozi ezandayo
Izinhlobo ezintsha ze -Pristimantis zitholakale endaweni enezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingavamile , lapho izitshalo, izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo, kanye nezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini zihlala khona, eziningi zazo ezitholakala kuphela eCordillera del Cóndor. Indawo elukhuni kanye ne-mosaic yezindawo zokuhlala, kusukela emahlathini amafu kuya ezindaweni ezinamadwala, kuvumela izilwane ezincane ukuba zihlukane futhi ziguquke ngokuzimela.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuceba kwezinto eziphilayo kuhluke kakhulu ebuthakathakeni bemvelo . Abacwaningi baxwayisa ngokuthi amaxoxo atholakele anokusatshalaliswa okulinganiselwe kakhulu kwezindawo, okwandisa ubungozi bawo ezinsongweni ezifana nokuwohloka kwendawo yokuhlala , ukwanda kwemisebenzi yokukhipha amanzi, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda ezindaweni ezikude ngaphambilini.
Kulokhu, ulwazi oluqoqwe eYurophu, lapho izilwane eziningi eziphila emanzini nasemanzini ziye zancipha kakhulu ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwezindawo ezimanzi kanye nokungcola, lubaluleke kakhulu. Izifundo ezitholwe ekuphathweni kwezindawo ezivikelwe zaseYurophu zingasebenza njengereferensi yokuhlela izinyathelo zokulondolozwa ezindaweni ezifana neCerro Plateado Biological Reserve.
Abalobi balolu cwaningo bagcizelela ukuthi ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kanye nokubhala phansi izilwane zaseCordillera del Cóndor kubalulekile ekuhloleni isimo sazo sokulondolozwa kwemvelo kanye nokuthuthukisa amasu okuvikela angokoqobo. Ngaphandle kwedatha eqinile ngokusatshalaliswa kwabantu kanye nobukhulu, kunzima ukubeka phambili nokubikezela imiphumela yamaphrojekthi esikhathi esizayo esifundeni.
Ukutholakala kwalezi zinhlobo ezintathu ezintsha zamaxoxo eCordillera del Cóndor kugcizelela ukuthi kuningi okusamele kufundwe ngamahlathi asezintabeni aseningizimu ye-Ecuador kanye nesidingo sokuqhubeka nocwaningo ezindaweni ezikude. Umsebenzi wokubambisana wezikhungo zasendaweni nezaseYurophu, ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi ezakhi zofuzo kanye ne-bioacoustic, kanye nokubuka ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuhlukile njengokuthuthukiswa okuqondile kudweba isithombe lapho ukulondolozwa kwe-Cerro Plateado Biological Reserve kuba yinto eza kuqala ekuvikeleni ifa lemvelo esisaqala ukuliqonda.
