Indoda yasePutukezi , leso sidalwa esinesimo saso esiyingqayizivele kanye nedumela eliphazamisayo emabhishi amaningi, sisanda kubhalwa kabusha emlandweni wezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle. Lokho okwakubhekwa njengento yemvelo yohlobo olulodwa empeleni kuqukethe ukuhlukahluka okumangalisayo kwezakhi zofuzo , kwembulwe ngenxa yocwaningo lwamazwe ngamazwe olunesifiso esikhulu kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwabaseSpain.
Ukuhlaziywa kwesayensi, okuholwa ochwepheshe abavela e-Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-UPO-JA) kanye ne-Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN-CSIC), kushintshe umbono wendabuko wendoda yempi yasePutukezi, kwembula ukuthi inezinhlobo ezine ezihlukene ezisakazeke emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kutholakala akushintshi nje kuphela ukuqonda kwethu le hydrozoan eyingqayizivele yamakoloni kodwa futhi kuvula indlela yokuphathwa kwemvelo okunembe kakhulu.
Ukutholwa komhlaba wonke: ukuthi izinhlobo zezilwane zahlukaniswa kanjani
Impumelelo ivela ocwaningweni olushicilelwe kumagazini i- Current Biology , lapho i-genome yamasampula angu-151 aqoqwe olwandle oluhlukene yahlelwa khona , kanye nokuhlaziywa okucophelelayo kwezithombe ezingaphezu kuka-4.000 ezinikelwe abasebenzisi beplatifomu ye-iNaturalist kanye nezazi zemvelo ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi omkhulu wasensimini kanye nomzamo welabhorethri, ososayensi bakwazile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona izizukulwane ezine ezihlukene: i-Physalia physalis , i-Physalia utriculus , i-Physalia megalista , kanye ne -Physalia minuta.
Le ndlela yokuhlanganisa, lapho izazi zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, izazi zezakhi zofuzo kanye nezakhamuzi ezingezona ezasemakhaya ziye zabambisana khona, yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukubona umehluko wesimo kanye nowezakhi zofuzo owawungaqashelwanga ngaphambilini.
Ayini ngempela amakharaveli amaPutukezi?
Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, azizona izinhlanzi ezibizwa ngokuthi i-jellyfish . I-man-of-war yasePortugal ingeqembu lama-hydrozoan futhi, empeleni, iyikoloni lezinto eziphilayo ezincane ezikhethekile , ezisebenza ndawonye, ​​​​ezenza futhi ezihamba sengathi ziyisidalwa esisodwa. Isici sayo esibonakala kakhulu yi- gelatinous, efana nomkhumbi obonakalayo ebusweni bolwandle, esisebenzisa ukukhukhuleka nomoya kanye nemisinga.
Esinye sezici ezenza yesatshwe kangaka ngababhukudi nabadobi ukuba khona kwamangqamuzana ahlabayo ezintendeni zalo , angabangela ukuhlaba okubuhlungu , nakuba kungavamile ukubulala, kodwa kungabangela ukusabela okukhulu kubantu abazwelayo. Indoda yempi yasePutukezi ingafinyelela amamitha amaningana ubude, inezintendeni ezifinyelela ubude obumangalisayo futhi zihlala ziyingozi ngisho nalapho isilwane sisesihlabathini.
Ukusabalalisa kanye nomehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane
I-man-of-war yasePutukezi yayibhekwa njengohlobo olulodwa olutholakala olwandle olufudumele, kodwa lo mbono uphendulwe ucwaningo lwamuva. Uhlobo ngalunye lwezinhlobo ezine ezitholakele lunokusabalala kwalo ngokwendawo kanye nomehluko ophawulekayo ngobukhulu kanye nezici. Isibonelo, i-Physalia physalis iyona etholakala kakhulu emanzini aseSpain, enezinhlobo ezinkulu, kanti i-Physalia minuta ingamasentimitha ambalwa nje ubude futhi itholakale eNew Zealand.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amakoloni asezilwandle awafani njengoba kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili nokuthi izithiyo zemvelo, njengemisinga kanye namaphethini omoya, zikhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwezakhi zofuzo phakathi kwezinhlobo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ezintathu zezinhlobo eziqashelwa namuhla zachazwa amakhulu eminyaka edlule yizazi zemvelo, kodwa kuze kube manje bekungekho bufakazi obuqinisekile bokuzihlukanisa.
Imithelela yokongiwa kwemvelo kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo
Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kumelela igxathu elikhulu eliya phambili ekuphathweni nasekuvikelweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle. Ukuqonda ukuthi i-man-of-war yamaPutukezi empeleni ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezine kuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kwamasu okulondoloza afaneleka kakhulu futhi, isibonelo, ukuhlonzwa kwenani labantu basendaweni okungase kudinge izinyathelo ezithile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le miphumela igcizelela ukubaluleka kwesayensi yezakhamuzi : izinkulungwane zezithombe ezinikezwe izazi zezinkanyezi ezingewona ama-amateur ziye zaba ezibalulekile ekwembuleni ukuhlukahluka kwangempela kwalesi sidalwa. ULaura Prieto, umcwaningi ohamba phambili ocwaningweni lwama-hydrozoan, uthi " lolu cwaningo luguqula ukuqonda kwethu ukuxhumana kwasolwandle futhi lungaba yisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa ukuphathwa nokulondolozwa kwalezi zinhlobo nezindawo zazo zokuhlala."
Ukutholwa kwenzeke ngenxa yomzamo wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nentuthuko kwezolibofuzo, okuqinisekise imibono ehlala isikhathi eside ye-taxonomic. Lezi zinto ezitholakele zisimema ukuba sicabangele kabusha indlela esizibona ngayo izilwandle, okubonisa ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwazo kwemvelo kukhulu kakhulu kunalokho ebesikucabanga nokuthi kusenezimanga ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ukuhlonzwa kwezinhlobo ezimbalwa zama-Portuguese man-of-war kuthuthukisa ulwazi lwesayensi futhi kudinga ukujwayela ukuqapha kolwandle, ukuvimbela, kanye nezinqubomgomo zokuvikela. Manje, iziphathimandla, abagibeli bamabhishi, kanye nomphakathi wesayensi banedatha enembe kakhudlwana yokuhlonza izingozi futhi baqonde indima yemvelo yalezi zidalwa ezithakazelisayo, ezingaseyona into eyivelakancane esatshwayo kodwa ewuphawu lwenkimbinkimbi yolwandle.
