Ikharaveli yesiPutukezi, leso sidalwa esinokwakheka kwaso okuyingqayizivele nedumela eliphazamisayo emabhishi amaningi, sisanda kubhalwa kabusha emakhasini esayensi yezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle. Yini kuze kube manje eyayibhekwa njengento engokwemvelo yohlobo olulodwa, empeleni ifihla isimanga ukuhlukahluka kofuzo okuye kwavela obala ngenxa yocwaningo lwamazwe ngamazwe olunesifiso sokubamba iqhaza kweSpanishi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwesayensi, okuholwa ochwepheshe be-Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-UPO-JA) kanye ne-Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN-CSIC), kuguqule umbono wendabuko we-Portuguese man-of-war, okubonisa ukuthi izinhlobo ezine ezahlukene isatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu okutholakele akushintshi nje kuphela indlela esiqonda ngayo le hydrozoan eyinqaba yekoloni, kodwa futhi kuvula umnyango wokuphathwa kwemvelo okunembe kakhudlwana.
Ukutholwa komhlaba wonke: ukuthi izinhlobo zezilwane zahlukaniswa kanjani
Impumelelo ivela ocwaningweni olushicilelwe kujenali Biology yamanje, lapho i-genome yama-specimens angu-151 yalandelana eqoqwe ezilwandle ezahlukene, kanye nokuhlaziya ngokucophelela izithombe ezingaphezu kwe-4.000 inikelwe ngabasebenzisi be-iNaturalist kanye nezazi zemvelo ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Ngenxa yalo mkhakha omkhulu kanye nomsebenzi waselabhorethri, ososayensi baye bakwazi ukuqinisekisa ubukhona bezinhlu ezine ezihlukene: I-Physalia physalis, I-Physalia utriculus, I-Physalia megalista y I-Physalia encane.
Le ndlela yokuhlanganisa, lapho izazi zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, izazi zofuzo kanye nezakhamuzi eziyimfundamakhwela ziye zabambisana, yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthola umehluko we-morphological and genetic ukuthi kuze kube manje bekungaziwa.
Ayini ngempela amakharaveli amaPutukezi?
Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, Aziyona i-jellyfishI-Portuguese man-of-war ingeyeqembu lama-hydrozoans futhi, empeleni, i iqoqo lezinto ezincane eziyisipesheli abathi, besebenza njengeqembu, benze futhi banyakaze sengathi bangumuntu oyedwa. Umaki wabo owaziwa kakhulu yi- ukuntanta gelatinous ngesimo sikaseyili, obonakala phezu kolwandle futhi esetshenziswa ukuhamba ngesihe somoya nemisinga.
Esinye sezici ezenza kwesatshwe kangaka phakathi kwabageza nabadobi ubukhona be amaseli ahlabayo ematendeni ayo, ekwazi ukubangela ukulunywa okubuhlungu Nakuba engavamile ukufa, angabangela ukusabela okubi kubantu abazwelayo. I-Portuguese man-of-war ingakhula ibe ngamamitha amaningana ubude, namatende afinyelela ubude obumangalisayo futhi ahlale eyingozi ngisho nalapho isilwane sisesihlabathini.
Ukusabalalisa kanye nomehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane
I-man-of-war yasePutukezi ngokwesiko yayibhekwa njengohlobo olulodwa olusabalele kuzo zonke izilwandle ezifudumele, kodwa lo mbono uye waphikiswa ucwaningo lwakamuva. Uhlobo ngalunye kwezine ezihlonziwe luyaveza ukusatshalaliswa kwezindawo kanye nomehluko othile ophawulekayo ngobukhulu nezici. Ngokwesibonelo, I-Physalia physalis Igcwele kakhulu emanzini aseSpain, enabantu abaningi, kuyilapho I-Physalia encane Ingamasentimitha ambalwa kuphela ubude futhi yatholakala eNew Zealand.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa lokho Amakoloni asolwandle awafani njengoba kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili. nokuthi kunezithiyo zemvelo, njengamaza nezindawo zomoya, ezivuna ukuhlukaniswa kwezakhi zofuzo phakathi kwabantu. Iqiniso elimangalisayo liwukuthi ezintathu zezinhlobo eziqashelwa namuhla zazivele zichazwe izazi zemvelo emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, kodwa kuze kube manje abukho ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda bokuzihlukanisa.
Imithelela yokongiwa kwemvelo kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo
Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kumelela igxathu elikhulu eliya phambili ekuphathweni nasekuvikelweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle. Ukuqonda ukuthi i-man-of-war yamaPutukezi empeleni ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezine kuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kwamasu okulondoloza afaneleka kakhulu futhi, isibonelo, ukuhlonzwa kwenani labantu basendaweni okungase kudinge izinyathelo ezithile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le miphumela igqamisa ukubaluleka kokubambisana kwezakhamizi Kwezesayensi: izinkulungwane zezithombe ezinikelwe yizimfundamakhwela bezibalulekile ekutholeni ukuhlukahluka kwangempela kwalesi sidalwa. ULaura Prieto, umcwaningi nochwepheshe ocwaningweni lwama-hydrozoans, uthi “Lolu cwaningo luguqula ukuqonda kwethu ukuxhumana olwandle futhi kungaba ukhiye ekuthuthukiseni ukuphathwa nokongiwa kwalezi zinhlobo nezindawo zazo zokuhlala.”
Ukutholwa kwenzeke ngenxa yomzamo wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nentuthuko kwezolibofuzo, okuqinisekise imibono ehlala isikhathi eside ye-taxonomic. Lezi zinto ezitholakele zisimema ukuba sicabangele kabusha indlela esizibona ngayo izilwandle, okubonisa ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwazo kwemvelo kukhulu kakhulu kunalokho ebesikucabanga nokuthi kusenezimanga ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ukuhlonzwa kwezinhlobo ezimbalwa zama-Portuguese man-of-war kuthuthukisa ulwazi lwesayensi futhi kudinga ukujwayela ukuqapha kolwandle, ukuvimbela, kanye nezinqubomgomo zokuvikela. Manje, iziphathimandla, abagibeli bamabhishi, kanye nomphakathi wesayensi banedatha enembe kakhudlwana yokuhlonza izingozi futhi baqonde indima yemvelo yalezi zidalwa ezithakazelisayo, ezingaseyona into eyivelakancane esatshwayo kodwa ewuphawu lwenkimbinkimbi yolwandle.
