Amanzi aseMedithera yasentshonalanga yeSpain afihla ubuqiniso "izindawo ze-neuralgic" ze ukusinda koshaka kanye nezinye izilwane ezinkulu zasolwandle ezidla ezinye izilwane. Ucwaningo olunzulu luye lwavumela ososayensi ukuthi bathole lezi zindawo ezazingachazwanga kahle ngaphambilini, ezibalulekile ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zondle, zizalane, futhi zihambe ngokuphepha okulinganiselwe.
Lolu cwaningo, olwakhiwe amaqembu avela kwi-Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC) kanye ne-National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC), luveza isithombe esicacile kakhulu salokhu izindawo ezibalulekile zokulondolozwa koshaka entshonalanga yeMeditherangokugxila kakhulu ogwini lwaseSpain phakathi kweBlanes (Girona) neCartagena (Murcia). Okutholakele kukhomba ngqo ezifundeni ezintathu manje ezisezindaweni ezihlukene ze- ukuphathwa kolwandle.
Izindawo ezintathu ezibalulekile zoshaka entshonalanga yeSpanish Mediterranean
Ucwaningo luvumelana ngokukhomba izindawo ezintathu ezisogwini lwaseMedithera lwaseSpain njenge izindawo ezibucayi kakhulu ekulondolozweni koshaka be-pelagic abasengoziniIzigodi ezingaphansi kwamanzi ziseduze nogu lwaseCatalan, amanzi aseGulf of Alicante, kanye nogu lwase-AlmerÃa. Lezi akuzona nje izindawo ezisebalazweni, kodwa izindawo lapho imisebenzi ebalulekile yezemvelo igxile khona.
Endabeni izigodi zasolwandle ezisogwini lwaseCatalanI-topography eyinkimbinkimbi yephansi lolwandle kanye nemisinga ekhuphukayo ikhiqiza umkhiqizo ophezulu. Lokhu kunala kwezakhamzimba kudonsela izinhlanzi eziningi kanye, kanye nazo, izilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye. Ezinye izigodi, njengeCap de Creus, zase zaziwa kakade njengezindawo ezingaba khona zokuzalela, kodwa ukubaluleka kwazo ngaphakathi kwendawo ebanzi manje sekuqinisekisiwe.
El IGulf of Alicante Kubonakala njengohlobo "lwefindo" ngaphakathi kwemizila yeMedithera esentshonalanga. Idatha yokuqapha ikhombisa ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zisebenzisa la manzi njengendawo yokuhamba, indawo yokondla, kanye nendawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwezindawo ezihlukaniswe ngamakhulu amakhilomitha. Indima yayo njengendlela yezemvelo yenza lesi sifunda sibe yindawo ebucayi kakhulu lapho sibhekene nokucindezelwa kwabantu.
Ngokwengxenye yayo, i Ugu lwase-AlmerÃa Ihlanganisa isikhundla sayo njengenye indawo enkulu yokusinda kwalezi zilwane. Izimo zendawo zolwandle, kanye nokwakheka kogu, zikhuthaza izinga eliphezulu lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle. Ucwaningo luqokomisa ukuthi i-AlmerÃa ihlanganyela indawo evelele nogu lwaseCatalan kanye neGulf of Alicante njengenye yezindawo ezintathu "ezibalulekile" zokudla, ukuzala, kanye nokufuduka koshaka entshonalanga yeMedithera yaseSpain.
Ngokusho kwababhali, lezi zindawo ezintathu ziyavela njenge izindawo eziza kuqala zokugxila ezindleleni zokuphatha nezokuvikela zesikhathi esizayongoba ukwenza ngazo kuzovumela ukukhulisa umthelela wezinqubomgomo zokulondolozwa kwezindawo ngezinsiza ezilinganiselwe.
Indlela izindawo ezibalulekile ezitholwe ngayo: amasathelayithi, izakhi zofuzo, kanye nomsebenzi wasensimini
Kunokuba lithembele kuphela ekubonweni okuhlukile, ithimba lesayensi liye lasebenzisa inhlanganisela yokulandelela ngesathelayithi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo ukulandelela izinhlobo ezahlukene ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ucwaningo luye lwasetshenziswa ogwini lolwandle phakathi kweBlanes neCartagena, luhlanganisa ingxenye ebanzi yenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeMedithera.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlobo eziphilayo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zifakwe ama-satellite transmitter. Phakathi kwazo, okulandelayo kuyagqama: ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-Prionace glauca)ushaka we-pelagic ohamba ibanga elide ohamba phakathi kwezizinda ezahlukene zolwandle; i-bocadulce noma i-gray camabota (i-Hexanchus griseus)ushaka olwandle olujulile okwaziwayo okuncane ngawo; kanye i-sunfish (i-Mola mola), enye yezinhlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni ezinamathambo, ezifakiwe ocwaningweni ngenxa yokubaluleka kwazo ezindaweni zemvelo ze-pelagic.
Ulwazi oluqoqwe ngamasathelayithi lunezelwa yi- amasampula ebhayoloji kanye nezakhi zofuzo zoshakaAbacwaningi bahlaziye izicubu ezivela koshaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oshaka abafushane be-mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) kanye ne-swordfish (Xiphias gladius), ngenhloso yokuhlola izinga lokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlobo nokuthola ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zingaphansi kweyunithi efanayo yabantu noma zingaphansi kwamaqembu ahlukene.
Lolu lwazi lusiza ekwakheni kabusha "i-x-ray" yentshonalanga yeMedithera ngokombono wezilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye: ukuthi yiziphi izindlela abazisebenzisayo, yiziphi izindawo abazivakashela njalo, nokuthi abantu bahlobene kanjani ezihlala ezifundeni ezihlukene. Ngaphandle kwalolu hlobo lolwazi, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuklama amasu okulondoloza afanelane neqiniso lolwandle.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamasu okulandelela, izakhi zofuzo, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemvelo, ngokusho kwethimba, kuye kwavumela ukuthuthuka kwekhwalithi ekuqondeni izindawo ezisebenzayo ezibalulekile koshaka eMedithera yaseSpain, into eyaziwa ngendlela ehluke kakhulu kuze kube manje.
Indima yoshaka endaweni ezungezile kanye nesimo sabo eMedithera
Oshaka batholakala e- phezulu kochungechunge lokudla kwasolwandle njengezilwane ezidla ezinye izilwaneLokhu kusho ukuthi zilawula inani lezinye izinhlobo eziningi futhi zisiza ekugcineni ibhalansi yezindawo zemvelo. Ukuba khona kwazo kusebenza, ngandlela thile, njengesibonakaliso sokusebenza kahle kwendawo yasolwandle.
Kodwa-ke, i-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ibabheka njengenye yezindawo ezisengozini. amaqembu ezilwane asengozini kakhulu emhlabeniEMedithera, ulwandle olucishe luvalwe lubhekene nokucindezeleka okukhulu kwabantu, isimo siyakhathaza kakhulu. Ukudoba ngokweqile, ukubanjwa kwezinhlanzi okungahleliwe, ukuwohloka kwezindawo zokuhlala, kanye nomthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuye kwaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwenani labantu.
Ososayensi bagcizelela ukuthi, naphezu kokubaluleka kwayo emvelweni, Kusenezikhala ezinkulu olwazini mayelana nemvelo kanye nokuziphatha koshaka abaningiAkukaziwa ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi basebenzisa kanjani izindawo ezithile, ukuthi abantu abahlukene baxhumana kanjani, noma ukuthi izindawo ezithile zidlala yiphi indima emijikelezweni yazo yokuphila.
Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo olusha lugcizelela isidingo sokuba Imininingwane eqinile mayelana nokunyakaza, ukuxhumana kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesikhala ukuze kuqaliswe izinyathelo zokuphatha ezisebenzayo. Ngaphandle kwalolu lwazi, izinqubomgomo zokuvikela zisengozini yokungaphumeleli noma yokugxila ezindaweni ezingabalulekile ngempela ekusindeni kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
Abacwaningi baxwayisa nangemiphumela engaba khona ukulahleka okuqhubekayo kwalezi zilwane ezidla ezinye: Ukunyamalala koshaka kungabangela ukwanda kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo, ukuphazamisa ama-food web kanye nokuphazamisa izimiso zemvelo esezibhekene nezingcindezi eziningi kakade.
Isayensi kanye nemboni yokudoba: umbimbi lokulandelela oshaka
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zomsebenzi yi- ukubambisana okuseduze nomkhakha wokudobaKunokuba basebenze ngokuzimela, abacwaningi nabadobi baye bahlanganyela imizamo kuzo zonke izigaba zocwaningo: kusukela ekutholeni izilwane kuya ekubanjweni kwazo okulawulwayo, ekuphawuleni, nasekukhululweni kwazo okulandelayo.
Amaqembu nawo ahlanganyele ku- ukuqoqwa kwamasampula ebhayolojiLokhu kuye kwavumela ukuqoqwa kwedatha enkulu kakhulu kunaleyo ebingenzeka kusetshenziswa izindlela zesayensi zodwa. Ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi ulwazi oluqoqwe ngabadobi lunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ngokuba khona kwezinhlobo, izinguquko zobuningi, kanye nokuguquguquka kwenani labantu bendawo.
Izibalo ezifana nochwepheshe bezokulondolozwa kwemvelo e-Barcelona Zoo zigcizelele obala ukuthi ukubandakanyeka komkhakha wokudoba kuye kwaba kubalulekile ukuze iphrojekthi iphumeleleikakhulukazi ekuphawuleni imikhankaso. Lokhu kubambisana, bakhomba, kubonisa ukuthi imisebenzi yezomnotho kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo yasolwandle kungahambisana.
Ukugxila kwephrojekthi kugxile ngqo ukuvumelanisa ukudoba nokongiwa kwemvelo oshaka be-pelagic abasengoziniEsikhundleni sokuphakamisa ukungqubuzana ngqo, umqondo uwukuklama izindlela zokunciphisa umthelela ezinhlotsheni ezisengozini ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni indlela yokuphila yemiphakathi yasogwini ethembele olwandle.
Ngokusekelwe kule miphumela, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ifomula esebenzayo esekelwe ku- ukubambisana phakathi kwesayensi, ukuphathwa kanye nemikhakha yezolwandle Kuzobaluleka kakhulu ukusebenzisa izixazululo ezingokoqobo olwandle olusetshenziswa kabi njengeMedithera.
Iphrojekthi ye-COTI kanye nemiphumela yayo ekulondolozweni kwemvelo eSpain naseYurophu
Uphenyo luyingxenye ye Iphrojekthi ye-COTILolu hlelo, oluqondiswa yi-Institute of Marine Sciences futhi lwasungulwa ngokubambisana neNational Museum of Natural Sciences, luhlose ukuhlonza izindawo ezibalulekile zemvelo enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeMedithera ukuze bakwazi ukuvumelanisa ukudoba nokuvikelwa koshaka be-pelagic abasengozini.
Le phrojekthi ixhaswe yi- I-Biodiversity Foundation Ngaphakathi koHlelo lwe-Pleamar kanye nokusekelwa kwezimali zaseYurophu ezinikezelwe ekulondolozweni kolwandle kanye nokuphathwa okusimeme kwezinsiza zokudoba, lokhu kubandakanyeka kwezikhungo kubonisa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwezinto eziphilayo olwandle sekuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu eSpain nakuyo yonke i-European Union.
Ngokwezinga elisebenzayo, imiphumela etholakele inikeza isisekelo sesayensi sokwakha phezu kwaso. izinyathelo ezintsha zokuphathwa kolwandlePhakathi kwalokhu, ochwepheshe bakhuluma ngamathuba anjengokunciphisa okwesikhashana imishini ethile yokudoba noma imizamo ezindaweni ezibucayi kakhulu, ukwandisa noma ukuchaza kabusha izindawo zasolwandle ezivikelekilefuthi kwakhiwe imihubhe yemvelo evikela imizila yokufuduka esetshenziswa kakhulu yizilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye izilwane.
Ukuxhumana kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nedatha yokusetshenziswa kwesikhala nakho kuvula ithuba lokuthi amasu okulondolozwa ahlanganisiwe phakathi kwamazwe ahlukene aseMeditheraPhela, oshaka abaqondi imingcele yokuphatha: izinhlobo ezidla ogwini lwaseSpain zingathuthela emanzini ezinye izifundazwe ezisogwini kamuva.
Kulesi simo, ukuhlonza izindawo ezibalulekile zogu lolwandle lwaseSpain akugcini nje ngokuba nomthelela ezingeni likazwelonke, kodwa futhi kungasebenza njenge inkomba yezinhlelo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo ezinkulu entshonalanga yeMedithera, kuhambisana nemigomo yaseYurophu yokuvikela ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle.
Okutholakele kuphrojekthi ye-COTI kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi ukuvikela izindawo ezibalulekile njengezigodi zasemanzini ogwini lwaseCatalan, iGulf of Alicante, kanye nogu lwase-AlmerÃa kuyisibopho esibalulekile: gxila emizamweni kulezi "zindawo ezishisayo" zemvelo Kungenza umehluko ekusaseni loshaka esifundeni, futhi ngokwengeziwe, empilweni yeMedithera uqobo.
