Umhlaba we izilwane ezingenamgogodla zasolwandle akayeki ukusimangaza, kokubili ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo abahlala kuyo kanye nezinselelo ababhekana nazo. Ngaphansi kolwandle, izilwane ezingenazo iqolo njenge-mollusk, ama-crustaceans kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezincane ziye zasungula amasu ayingqayizivele okusinda ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu kanye nezinguquko ezingazelelwe endaweni yazo.
Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, the izinsongo zemvelo Okufana nokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, nokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kuye kwaletha ubuthakathaka balezi zimiso zemvelo eqhulwini engxoxweni. Nokho, izindaba eziningi zokuqina, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, nezimfihlakalo zivela ekubhekisiseni lezi zakhamuzi ezibalulekile zasolwandle.
I-Bivalves kanye nokuqothulwa okukhulu
Kuyo yonke inguquko yokuphila eMhlabeni, izilwane ezingenamgogodla zasolwandle ziye zabonisa umthamo omangalisayo wokusindaIsibonelo esimangalisayo sitholakala ku- bivalve, iqembu elihlanganisa amafomu aziwa ngokuthi ama-clams, izimbaza, nama-oyster. Lezi mollusk bakwazi ukunqoba ukushabalala okukhulu okwenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-66 edlule, isigameko esifanayo esabangela ukunyamalala kwe ngaphezu kuka-70% wezinhlobo zasolwandle futhi waqothula ama-Amoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo njengama-mosasa. Umcebo de peces ezindaweni zasemanzini futhi ukongiwa kwazo kuhlobene eduze nokulondolozwa kwezilwane zasolwandle ezingenamgogodla, eziyingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle.
Ngokusho kocwaningo lwakamuva, ama-bivalves agcinwe cishe yonke imisebenzi yayo yemvelo Naphezu kwenhlekelele, into ososayensi abayibheka njengengavamile ngokwezibalo. Ngenkathi ezinye izinhlobo ezinjengama-rudist zashabalala ngokuphelele, ama-bivalves Baphikelela nezindlela zokuphila ezihlukahlukene njengokuhlunga i-plankton, i-symbiosis nama-microorganisms, kanye nokuziphatha okudliwayo. ukuqina zalezi zinto eziphilayo zisikhumbuza ukuthi ukwakheka kokusebenza kwemvelo kungashintshwa kanjani phakathi nezigidi zeminyaka ngisho nalapho ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zikwazi ukuphila.
I-Neuston kanye nomthelela wepulasitiki endaweni yolwandle
Omunye wama-protagonists athule olwandle yi- I-Neuston, umphakathi owakhiwe ngezinto eziphilayo ezintanta engxenyeni engenhla yolwandle. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezincane zasolwandle njenge-sail jellyfish (i-Velella velella) nomnenke oluhlaza (i-Janthina), ophila nolwelwe namagciwane. I-Neuston idlala indima ebalulekile ku- ukushintshana kwegesi, ukugaywa kabusha kwezinto eziphilayo futhi kusebenza njengokudla kwezinyoni nezimfudu zasolwandle.
Ukunqwabelana kwamapulasitiki kuye kwadala iziqhingi zokwenziwa, njengeGreat Pacific Garbage Patch, lapho kuhlangana khona imfucumfucu kanye nenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezintantayo. Ochwepheshe baxwayisa ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza abantu abaningi bungakwazi bhubhisa wonke ama-ecosystems okungaziwa, njengoba izidalwa eziningi ezihlala ku-neuston zincike kulezi zindawo zokuhlala zesikhashana. Isu lamanje ligxile ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki emthonjeni kanye nokwenza ukuhlola okuqinile ngaphambi kokungenelela, ukugwema imiphumela engenakuhlehliswa yochungechunge lokudla kwasolwandle. Ukulondoloza lezi zinambuzane ezincane kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina impilo ye-ecosystem iyonke.
I-squid enkulu nezimfihlo zayo
Phakathi kwezilwane ezingenamgogodla ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu yi i-squid enkulu (I-Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni), isidalwa esisagubuzelwe yimfihlakalo nenganekwane. Okubonwe kamuva nje kuqophe isifanekiso sentsha endaweni yayo yemvelo okokuqala ngqa, ekujuleni okungamamitha angama-600 eduze kwaseSouth Sandwich Islands. Lolu hlobo, olubhekwa njengesilwane esingenamgogodla esinzima kunazo zonke emhlabeni, singafinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayisikhombisa futhi sibe nesisindo esingafika kuhhafu wethani.
I-anatomy yayo ihlanganisa amehlo amakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nebhola likanobhutshuzwayo namatende anamakhono okuvuselela. Idla ikakhulukazi de peces futhi ngezikhathi ezithile, izinsalela zemikhomo nezinyoni zasolwandle. Nakuba isayensi ithuthuka, kusekuningi okufanele ukuqonde mayelana nomjikelezo wabo wokuphila kanye nokuzivumelanisa nemvelo ejulile yolwandle. Lokhu kutholakala kwembula i ingcebo engaziwa yolwandle kanye nokubaluleka kokuvikela izindawo zabo zokuhlala ukuze kugcinwe lezi ziqhwaga ezingafundile.
Izimuncagazi zasolwandle kanye nomthelela wazo ezilwaneni
Ngaphakathi kwezilwane ezingenamgogodla zasolwandle, kukhona futhi ama-parasites afana ne-acanthocephalans, ezithuthukisa ingxenye yomjikelezo wazo wokuphila ezindaweni zasolwandle futhi zithinte ababungazi abahlukahlukene. Ngesikhathi sezibungu, zihlala kuma-crustaceans, "njengomnenke wasolwandle" owaziwayo, futhi lapho sezikhulile, zithelela izilwane ezinomgogodla njengezinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle nezinhlanzi.
Lezi zinto eziphilayo zingakwazi shintsha impilo yezilwane ezibaphethe, okubangela yonke into kusukela ekulimaleni okuncane kwamathumbu kuya ekungeneni okukhulu kwezinye izifo. Nakuba ngokuvamile engabulali, ukuba khona kwawo ngobuningi kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokufa kwabantu abathile basendle. Ucwaningo ku Ungawathola kanjani ama-parasites ezilwaneni ezingenamgogodla zasolwandle isiza ukuqonda umthelela wayo futhi ikhuthaze amasu okulondoloza imvelo asebenzayo.
Ucwaningo lwalezi zinambuzane kanye nomjikelezo wazo kunomthelela ulwazi oluphelele lwe-ecosystem yasolwandle kanye nokongiwa kwezinhlobo ezisengozini.
Ucwaningo lwezilwane ezingenamgogodla zasolwandle lusembula kithi izindaba zokusinda nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, kodwa futhi isibhekana nezinselele ezivela emisebenzini yabantu. Kusukela ezilwaneni eziwumdondoshiya ekujuleni kuya ezinambuzaneni ezincane kakhulu, okuhlanganisa izakhamuzi zongqimba olungaphezulu, lezi zinambuzane ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zezilwane zasolwandle kanye nempilo yeplanethi. Ukuvikela nokuqonda lezi zidalwa kuzoba ukhiye wokulondoloza izilwandle zethu ezisatshiswa ngokwandayo, ezisaphethe izimfihlakalo eziningi ezisazotholwa.