Njengoba yaziwa ngenyama yayo entekenteke nokubukeka kwayo okukhangayo, i-lobster ebomvu ingenye yezinhlanzi ezifiswa kakhulu ezisogwini lwethu lwase-Atlantic naseMedithera. Kulo mhlahlandlela, sikutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuhlonza kwayo, indawo yokuhlala, inkathi, umsoco, nokulungiselela, ukuze ujabulele le-shellfish ngokuzethemba nolwazi. Inani layo le-gastronomic namasiko ikwenze yaba inkanyezi yezindlela zokupheka ezidumile kanye nemikhosi yasogwini.
Akuwona wonke "ama-lobster abomvu" afana ncamashi, futhi yilapho okuningi kokudideka kuqala khona. E-Spain, sivame ukubhekisela ezinhlotsheni ze-spiny lobster ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezitholakala eNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Atlantic naseMedithera njenge-red lobster. Izimpondo zayo ezinde kanye negobolondo eliyi-spiny Abanaphutha, futhi bachaza kokubili ukubukeka kwabo okubabazekayo kanye nokuphatha kwabo ngokucophelela ekhishini.
Iyini i-lobster ebomvu: amagama, izinhlobo kanye nendlela yokuyihlukanisa
Kwezohwebo ne-gastronomy, izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-decapod ziqoqwe ngaphansi kwelebula elithi "lobster." Ilobster ebomvu eyigugu kakhulu ematafuleni ethu i-European spiny lobster, etholakala ezincwadini njenge I-Palinurus Elephas Itholakala olwandle olunamadwala enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Atlantic nasentshonalanga yeMedithera. Akhona namanye amagama okufanele aziwe ukuze agweme ukudideka.
Eminye imithombo yezohwebo neye-gastronomic iphinde ibhekisele ezinhlotsheni zaseMelika ezinombala obomvu njenge-red lobster, njenge. Eunephrops bairdii, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kudidaniswa nelobster yaseYurophu (I-Homarus gammarus), elinezikhonkwane ezinkulu, noma nezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo njenge ilobster eluhlaza okwesibhakabhakaUkuze ugweme amaphutha: i-spiny lobster (i-protagonist yethu) ayinazo izinsimbi ezithuthukisiwe emilenzeni yokuqala; esikhundleni salokho, idlala izimpondo ezinde kakhulu kanye ne-cephalothorax embozwe imigogodla.
Ezimakethe ungathola izinhlobo ezahlukene "zamalobster" kuye ngemvelaphi nombala wawo: obomvu noma wasebukhosini, waseMelika, opinki noluhlazaIzinhlobonhlobo ze-gastronomic ezihlonishwa kakhulu e-Galicia kanye nengxenye enkulu ye-European Atlantic ihlala ibomvu e-spiny, ngenxa ye-flavour yayo ethambile kanye nokuthungwa okuqinile.
Ngokombono ohlelekile, i-spiny red lobster ihlukaniswa kanje: Animalia → Arthropoda → Crustacea → Malacostraca → Decapoda → Achelata → Palinuridae → Palinurus → P. elephasEzinhlwini zesayensi ibhalwe njengohlobo "lwentshisekelo yokudoba" eNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Atlantic naseMedithera, lapho isidingo sayo siphezulu.
I-Morphology nosayizi: ukuthi ungayibona kanjani ekuqaleni
I-silhouette ye-lobster ebomvu ayinakuphikiswa. Ine-cephalothorax eqinile, e-spiny, amehlo avelele avikelwe ngokuqagela, futhi izimpondo ezimbili ezinde kakhulu elisebenzisa kokubili ukuvikela nokuhlola. Isisu sinemisipha futhi sigcina "njengomsila ofana nefeni" oshukumisa ukunyakaza kwaso, okuyisihluthulelo sokubhukuda kwayo okusheshayo.
Umbala wegobolondo uyahlukahluka phakathi kwe-shades brownish-orange ukuze obomvuenamabala aphuzi abonakalayo namachashazi ekhanda nasemsila. Ezinhlobonhlobo ezibizwa ngokuthi "i-lobster emhlophe", amathoni alula abonakala enamabala asakazwa esiswini.
I-decapod engenazinzipho ezinkulu, ezikhule kahle emilenzeni yayo yokuqala. Ngokuphambene, ama-lobster aseYurophu (avamile ezimakethe zethu zezinhlanzi) ayabonisa ama-tweezers amabili amakhulu nge-dimorphism esebenzayo: enye eyokuchoboza enye eyokusika. Kungakho, uma ubona izinzipho ezinkulu, akulona i-spiny lobster; i-spiny lobster.
Usayizi ojwayelekile emakethe yezinhlanzi ungamakhilogremu angu-1, nakuba kukhona amarekhodi ezibonelo ze 40-50 cm futhi kuze kufike ku-60 cmIkhanda layo elihlabayo lenza kube nzima ukuliphatha liluhlaza, yingakho isincomo sokusebenzisa amagilavu awugqinsi noma izindwangu uma uyiphatha.
Indawo yokuhlala, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokuziphatha
I-spiny red lobster ihlala kuyo izinqe ezinamatshe ezinemifantu nemigedeNgaphansi komugqa wamagagasi aphezulu futhi ngokuvamile phakathi kwamamitha angu-20 no-150 ukushona (kukhona okubhekwayo kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-100 m ezindaweni ezithile). Incamela phansi okuxubile kwesihlabathi namatshe anezindawo zokukhosela zemvelo.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kuhlanganisa impumalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean, kusukela eningizimu yeNorway ukuya eMoroccookuhlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yogu lwaseYurophu lwe-Atlantic (i-Ireland, iBrittany, iGalicia, iPortugal) kanye nolwandle olusentshonalanga yeMedithera. Endaweni esempumalanga yeMedithera, ubukhona bayo buyindlala noma abukho nhlobo.
Yisilwane ebusuku kanye nendawoIhlala ifihliwe emini futhi iphuma ezindaweni zayo zokukhosela lapho kuhwalala iyophakela. Izimpondo zayo zisebenza "njengerada" ethintekayo ezimweni zokukhanya okuphansi, zinxephezela ukubona kwayo okulinganiselwe.
Amanzi abandayo aseNyakatho ye-Atlantic, njengalawo asogwini lwaseGalician, e-Ireland, noma eBreton, athanda ukukhula kancane kune Igxilisa ukunambitheka nokuvumelana kwenyamaLesi ngesinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani iphrofayili yayo yokupheka ihlonishwa kakhulu.
Umjikelezo wokuphila, ukuphila isikhathi eside nokuzala
I-spiny lobster inomjikelezo wokuphila we izinguquko ngezikhathi ezithileNge-molt ngayinye, ichitha ngokuphelele igobolondo layo eliqinile, lihlale lisengozini izinsuku noma amasonto kuyilapho igobolondo elisha lakheka futhi liqina. Lesi simo sichaza ukuhluka kwesizini ekuqineni nasekuvuneni kwenyama kuye ngesikhathi sokubanjwa.
I-crustacean ephile isikhathi eside, ene isikhathi sokuphila esingadlula iminyaka engama-50Ukukhula kuhamba kancane, futhi ukufinyelela kosayizi bezentengiselwano kuthatha iminyaka, yingakho ukuphathwa kwezindawo zokudoba kuzwela kakhulu.
Phakathi nenkathi yokuzala, abesifazane bathwala inani elimangalisayo lamaqanda ngaphansi kwesisu sabo, ngokulandelana izinkulungwane ezimbalwa (kufika ku-20.000)ezihlala zinamathele cishe 10-11 izinyanga kuze kuchanyuselwa. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabazali ngesikhathi nokuvikelwa kunquma ukutholakala kwazo.
Ukuthuthukiswa komsoco kanye nokunambitheka
Ukudla kwe-lobster ebomvu kuyi-omnivorous ngokuthambekela kwe-carnivorous ecacile: iyadla ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusk, izinhlanzi ezincane nama-polychaeteskanye nezinsalela eziphilayo kanye ne-algae lapho zikhona. Ikhono layo lokuphula amagobolondo e-bivalve, naphezu kokuntula izinsimbi ezinkulu, lincike emandleni omhlathi wayo kanye neqhinga lokuyilawula elilisebenzisa ngesisu nemilenze.
Lokhu kudla okuhlukahlukene, kuhlangene nendawo ebandayo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaseNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Atlantic, kuchaza iphrofayili ye-organoleptic eyinkimbinkimbi: inyama emhlophe, ehlangene, enamanzi enokunambitheka kwasolwandle okuthambile kanye nobumnandi besici.
Isimo sokulondolozwa nokusimama
Ingcindezi yokudoba emlandweni, ikakhulukazi kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-60, inciphise kakhulu inani labantu ezindaweni eziningana zendabuko. Ivela kwezinye izinhlu nokuhlola njenge Ukuhlukunyezwa ngaphakathi kwezinhlaka zokulondoloza imvelo, yingakho kunconywa amathuluzi okuphatha ahlakaniphile.
Izindlela zokudoba ezinobungane kakhulu endaweni yizo ama-gillnets aphethwe kahleezinobukhulu obuncane nezinkathi ezivaliwe. Kukhona futhi izinhlanzi ezidotshwa ngamanetha, kodwa umthelela ongaphansi kolwandle uzenza zingabi inketho ekhethwayo uma kubhekwa indawo ezungezile.
Ezenzweni zokuhweba zakamuva, ingxenye enkulu yamalobster athengiswa eGalicia can ukuza evela ePortugal Ngenxa yokushoda kwendawo, nakuba okudotshwayo kwe-Galician kusangeniswa kwamanye amazwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukulandeleka okuvela emthonjeni nokuzibophezela ekudobeni kwezandla kusiza ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokusimama.
Isizini Yokuthenga Engcono Kakhulu
Nakuba ukutholakala kugcinwa unyaka wonke ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene zokudoba e-Atlantic, izimakethe zezinhlanzi eziningi nabathengisi bezinhlanzi bayavuma ukuthi izinyanga Ikwindla nobusika (kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuNdasa) Banikeza iphuzu elilungile: igobolondo eliqinile kanye nenqwaba yenyama emva kwe-molt yasehlobo.
Ngaphandle kwaleyo nkathi ungathola nekhwalithi enhle, kodwa uma ufuna ibhalansi phakathi kwe-flavour, ukuthungwa nokusebenza, izinyanga ezibandayo ngokuvamile ziwukubheja okuphumelelayo. Ukushisa kwamanzi kanye nomjikelezo we-molting Bathonya ngokuqondile ikhwalithi.
Amaphrezentheshini, osayizi nokuthenga ku-inthanethi
Ekudayiseni, kuvamile ukukhetha phakathi kwama-lobster. okuluhlaza noma okuphekiweUkuyithola bukhoma kuqinisekisa ukusha kanye nenyama emanzi ikakhulukazi uma ungakwazi ukuyipheka ngokushesha; isethulo esiphekiwe siyindlela esebenzayo yokudla ngaphandle kokulinda, ngokuvamile elungiselelwe emanzini olwandle noma emanzini anosawoti kanye neqabunga le-bay.
Isisindo sokuhweba esivame kakhulu ucezu ngalunye luzungezile 900-1100 gngezigaba ezisukela ku-ration (0,3–0,5 kg) kuya kosayizi “abamkhulu” (1,7–2,1 kg). Ukuze uthole ireferensi, okulandelayo kubalwa cishe 400g umuntu ngamunye ngesifundo esikhulu esinezilwane zasolwandle.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuncipha ngemva kokuphekaIzingcezu zilahlekelwa amanzi futhi isisindo sazo sirekhodwa, ngakho-ke isisindo sokuthengisa ngokuvamile sibhekisela kumfanekiso ophilayo. Kuma-oda aku-inthanethi abucayi, isisindo esikhokhiswayo sihlala kwaziswa ngaso, futhi noma yikuphi ukungezwani kuvunyelwana ngakho nekhasimende.
Izinto zesimanje zokulethwa kwezilwane zasolwandle zivumela ukulethwa ngaphansi kwamahora amabili ngeketanga eliqinisekisiwe elibandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengisi bezinhlanzi abaningi banikeza ukulungiselela okwenziwe ngokwezifiso (okuphekwe, kuphelele, okusikiwe) futhi banikeze ulwazi ngezindlela zokudoba kanye nemvelaphi.
Indlela yokulondoloza nokuphatha ama-lobster
I-lobster ihlala emanzini I-13-15 ° CNgakho-ke, akudingi ukubanda kakhulu ukuze uhlale usesimweni esihle ekhaya. Uma ifika iphila, kufanele igcinwe endaweni ebanda kakhulu yesiqandisi, imbozwe ngendwangu emanzi futhi ingenawo umoya omncane, kugwenywe ukuyicwilisa emanzini ahlanzekile.
Uma ifika isivele isiphekiwe, yigcine esitsheni esingangenisi umoya esiqandisini futhi uyidle ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Sebenzisa amagilavu noma izindwangu eziwugqinsi lapho uyiphatha, ngoba i-cephalothorax ye-spiny kungabangela izinti yenaliti.
Izikhathi zokupheka kanye namasu
Ukupheka kwendabuko, sebenzisa ibhodwe elikhulu nezilwane zasolwandle ezicwile ngokuphelele. 60g kasawoti omahhadla ilitha Engeza amaqabunga e-bay ambalwa bese uthele emanzini. Faka ucezu emanzini uma ubilisa futhi uqale isikhathi kusukela lapho ubuyela emathumba: kufika ku-1,5 kg, imizuzu engu-18; ngaphezu kwe-1,5 kg, imizuzu engama-25.
Enye indlela ebaluleke kakhulu i-steaming emnene: yezibonelo ze 600-800 gImizuzu eyi-12-15 nje enamaqabunga e-bay kanye ne-splash yewayini elimhlophe kwanele. Lokhu kugcina ukunambitheka okuhlanzekile futhi kushiya inyama iqine kakhulu.
Uma ukhetha u-grill, uvemvane ukunqunywa kwenyama bese uyibeka imizuzu engu-3-4 ku-griddle eshisayo kakhulu; qeda nge wafaka amafutha omnqumo nge-garlic, i-parsley ne-thyme, noma ngebhotela elicacisiwe eline-tarragon ne-lemon.
Ngamagobolondo ungenza i-bisque ekhumbulekayo: gazinga amagobolondo, engeza i-sofrito yemifino notamatisi, i-flambé ne-brandy, manzisa ngesitoko bese uqeda nge. ukhilimu omusha nama-chivesIbuye ibe mnandi kumasaladi, isitshulu, izitsha zerayisi noma ivele igrile.
Amanani okudla okunempilo nezinzuzo
I-red lobster inamafutha amancane nama-calories, futhi iphezulu ngekhwalithi yamaprotheni. Ihlinzeka ngamaminerali abalulekile njenge i-selenium, i-phosphorus, i-calcium, i-iodine, i-zinc, ne-potassiumkanye namavithamini e-antioxidant afana namavithamini E no-B (okukhulunywe ngokukhethekile nge-B12).
Izibalo eziqondile zingahluka ngocezu nangomthombo, kodwa lezi ziyizinkomba ku-100g Kutholakala ububanzi obulandelayo, obuhlanganisa amathebula ahlukene avame ukusetshenziswa emakethe kanye namashidi omkhiqizo:
| Ingxenye | Isilinganiso nge-100g |
|---|---|
| Amandla | 84-91 kcal |
| Inani lamafutha | 1,1-2,0 g |
| Amafutha aqinisiwe | ≈0,24 g |
| Ama-carbohydrate | 0-1,3 g |
| Ushukela | 0-1,3 g |
| amaprotheni | 17,2-18,0 g |
| Isodiyamu | 182-270 mg |
| I-cholesterol | ≈140 mg |
Njengomhlahlandlela wokudla, ukudla okukodwa kuhlanganisa cishe i- I-85% ye-selenium RDAIqukethe cishe u-50% wokudla okunconyiwe kwansuku zonke kwe-phosphorus ne-calcium, futhi cishe u-25% wokudla okunconyiwe kwansuku zonke kwe-iodine. Lokhu kwenza kube umlingani obalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-antioxidant, impilo yamathambo, kanye ne-metabolism yegilo, njengengxenye yokudla okuhlukahlukene.
Isiko le-Gastronomic namasiko
I-red lobster iyingxenye yobunikazi bokudla kwamadolobha amaningana asogwini. EMenorca, idolobha laseFornells lidume ngakho isitshulu se-lobsterIlobster ingenye yezidlo eziyizifanekiselo kakhulu kulesi siqhingi. Ezweni elikhulu, i-A Guarda (Pontevedra) igubha uMkhosi Wama-Lobster njalo ngoJulayi, futhi e-Bañugues (Asturias) isidlo sendabuko "ilobster enemifino".
Ngaphandle kwemikhosi, ama-lobster abomvu ahlala endaweni evelele kumamenyu ezindawo zokudlela zasolwandle nasezindaweni ezisogwini eGalicia, eCantabria naseBalearic Islands, lapho elungiswa khona. ebilisiwe, eyosiwe, ezitsheni zerayisi noma amabhisikidi ezisebenzisa ngokugcwele ingqikithi yayo yasolwandle.
Uma uthanda ukuyijabulela ekhaya, khumbula imiqondo emithathu ebalulekile: ukuhlonza okulungile (okunezinzipho nangenazo), inkathi ebandayo yekhwalithi ephezulu, nokupheka okunenhlonipho okuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwayo. Phakathi kokukhetha okuqinile, ukulandeleka, nokupheka okunembayo.I-lobster ebomvu ikhulula amandla ayo aphelele e-gastronomic ngemiphumela evelele.
