Ukutholakala kwe-a isele elikhulu lesihlabathi ePiriápolisOgwini lomnyango waseMaldonado (e-Uruguay), uhlobo oluvame ukunganakwa luye lwabonakala kakhulu. Lokho okuvame ukuba yisilwane esihlala emanzini esivamile emabhishi nasezindaweni ezinesihlabathi, ngenxa yobukhulu baso, sekuyinto yangempela yocwaningo lochwepheshe be-herpetology.
Le khophi ye I-Rhinella arenarumLolu hlobo, olwaziwa ngokuthi i-sand toad noma i-common toad, lwalutholakala endaweni yase- Ibhishi eliyinhloko lasePiriápolis futhi kwasheshe kwadonsa ukunaka kwenhlangano I-Alternatus Uruguay, okunikezelwe ku ukusindisa nokulondoloza izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayoUbude nesisindo sayo kwaphula ngokuphelele izibalo ezivamile zalolu hlobo, kangangokuthi ochwepheshe bayichaza ngokuthi "isilo sesidalwa".
Ixoxo lesihlabathi elidlula wonke amarekhodi ajwayelekile
Imininingwane ephethwe yi-Alternatus Uruguay ikhombisa ukuthi Usayizi ojwayelekile we-sand toad ungamasentimitha ayi-12 ubude, bulinganiswa kusukela ekhanda kuya ku-cloaca. Okusho ukuthi, isilwane esiphila emanzini nasemanzini sase- usayizi ophakathi, ivame kakhulu emigqeni eminingi esogwini kanye nesihlabathi seSouthern Cone.
Endabeni yalo muntu osindiswe ePiriápolis, izinyathelo ziphambene ngokuphelele naleyo nqubo: cishe amasentimitha angu-19 ubude nesisindo esizungezile I-720 amagremuLabo abake babhekana nakho mathupha abakufihli ukumangala kwabo futhi bakhuluma ngobukhulu "obungavamile kakhulu" kulolu hlobo, obudlula kakhulu lokho okulindelekile ngisho nasezibonelweni ezinkulu kakhulu.
Kusukela ku-Alternatus, elinye lamalungu alo, uGonzalo Rodríguez, waze wathi phakathi kokuhlekwa okunokwesaba ukuthi “wayengumuntu ohlakaniphile.”ngimangazwe usayizi"ngesikhathi ephethe isilwane ngezandla zakhe. Iqembu ngokwalo likhombisile ukuthi yilona isibonelo esikhulu kunazo zonke se-sand toad abake bayibonaLokhu kubangele isithakazelo kochwepheshe esifundeni.
Ukuze kuqedwe ukungabaza ngokuthi ingubani, i-Alternatus Uruguay yasekelwa yisazi semithi yokwelapha izifo zamagciwane. UClaudio Borteiro, abasebenzisana ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ngempela kwakuyi- I-Rhinella arenarum hhayi olunye uhlobo olukhulu. Uma sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi akulona i-cururu noma elinye ixoxo elikhulu, isinyathelo esilandelayo kungaba ukubhala phansi icala ngendlela iphephabhuku lesayensi eligxile ku-herpetology.
Ubudlabha kuma-sand toads? Impikiswano yesayensi
Ubukhulu obumangalisayo balesi silwane buholele i-Alternatus Uruguay ekucabangeleni ukuthi kungenzeka icala le-gigantism ngaphakathi kohloboI-Gigantism iyinto eyenzeka ngebhayoloji lapho, ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo, ezemvelo, noma ezokudla, umuntu ufinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu kakhulu kunokuvamile ngezinhlobo zayo.
Kulesi simo, ukuqhathanisa okusheshayo kakhulu yi- i-cururú toad (Rhinella diptycha), uhlobo oluhlobene nalo oluhlala ikakhulukazi e- enyakatho ye-Uruguay nakwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu MelikaI-cururu ichazwa kahle ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu kanye ne-can ubude obungaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-20, njengoba ingenye yamaxoxo amakhulu kakhulu esifundeni.
Isampula yePiriápolis, ngokusho kwe-Alternatus, Ukubukeka kwayo nobukhulu bayo kukhumbuza i-cururu.Nakuba ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwesimo sezinto kuye kwasusa lokho okungenzeka, ukufana kuye kwasebenza njengendawo yokubhekisela ekugqamiseni ukungavamile kokutholwa komphakathi kanye nochwepheshe ngokufanayo.
Ukuqinisekiswa kokuthi kuyinto I-Rhinella arenarum enkulu kakhulu Lokhu kuvula ithuba lemibuzo emisha: indawo egudle ugu, ukudla okutholakalayo, noma izinguquko ezingaba khona zithinta kangakanani intuthuko yalesi silwane esiphila emanzini? Inhloso yochwepheshe base- ukurekhoda leli cala encwadini yesayensi yezokwelapha Kusikisela ukuthi impikiswano yesayensi ephathelene nalo muntu ingase idlulele ngale kwendaba.
Ubani obani kuhlobo lwe-Rhinella nokuthi i-sand toad ihlala kuphi
Ixoxo elikhulu lesihlabathi lasePiriápolis lingelohlobo lwesilwane I-Rhinella, iqembu lama-anuran elihlanganisa okungenani izinhlobo ezingu-92 ezisatshalaliswa kulo lonke izwekazi laseMelikakusukela ezindaweni zase-United States kuya engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-Argentina. Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwawo-2000, eziningi zalezi zinhlobo zazifakiwe kuhlobo lwangaphambili Bufo, kepha izibuyekezo ze-taxonomic Baholela ekuhlanganisweni kwabo kabusha ngaphansi kwegama lamanje.
E-Uruguay, ubulili bumelelwa yi- izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko: the ixoxo lasegadini (Rhinella dorbignyi), isakazeke kabanzi cishe kulo lonke izwe; ixoxo lesihlabathi noma ixoxo elivamile (i-Rhinella arenarum), okuhlobene kakhulu ne umugqa wasogwini kanye nenhlabathi enesihlabathi; okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla i-cururú toad (Rhinella diptycha), enkulu kunazo zonke futhi evame kakhulu enyakatho; kanye Achaval toad noma Achavalito de las Sierras (Rhinella andoli), ehlotshaniswa nezindawo zasezintabeni.
Igama elithile ngokwalo i-arenarum kubhekisela ku- ukukhetha kwezinhlobo zezilwane endaweni enesihlabathiYingakho kuvame kakhulu ukuthola la maxoxo ku- amabhishi, izindunduma zasogwini kanye nezindawo ezisogwini, kokubili e-Uruguay nakwezinye izindawo ze-Southern Cone ezinezindawo zokuhlala ezifanayo. Ngaphezu kogu, ingavela futhi izindawo ezisogwini ezingaphakathi nezwe ezinenhlabathi evulekilelapho ithola khona indawo yokukhosela nokudla.
Ngokubukeka kwayo, ixoxo lesihlabathi libhekwa njenge- isilwane esiphila emanzini esinobukhulu obuphakathi kuya kobukhulu, ngokuvamile ifinyelela cishe kumamilimitha angu-112 (ngaphezu nje kwamasentimitha angu-11). Isikhumba sayo sincane ilukhuni, inezinhlayiya eziningi noma amaqhubufuthi imibala isukela kokumpunga kuya kokuluhlaza okotshani komnqumo noma okumpunga okunsundu, kanye izindawo ezimnyama ezingajwayelekile ezinikeza indlela yokufihla kahle ezindaweni ezisemhlabeni noma ezinesihlabathi.
Iphinde ibe nezici izindlala ze-parotoid zibonakala kahle Nakuba ngemuva kwamehlo, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, azibonisi imibala egqamile. Lonke lolu hlu lwezimpawu luvumele ochwepheshe ukuthi bahlukanise isampula yePiriápolis ngaphandle kokungabaza kwamanye amaxoxo amakhulu njenge-curu, naphezu kobukhulu bayo obumangalisayo.
Umngane oqondayo: indima yentonga yesihlabathi emvelweni
Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo obungavamile, ixoxo lesihlabathi liphawuleka kakhulu indima eyisisekelo edlalwa yiyo ezindaweni zemvelo lapho ehlala khona. U-Alternatus Uruguay ugcizelela ukuthi kunjalo abalingani abaqondile babantu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokudla kwabo okusekelwe ezilwaneni ezingenamgogodla ezivame ukubhekwa njengezinambuzane ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya.
Lezi zilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini zidla izinhlobo eziningi ze- izinambuzane nezinye izilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla, phakathi kwazo omiyane, amabhungane, izintuthwane, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-arthropod okungadala inkathazo, kulimaze izitshalo, noma kube yizimbangela zezifo. Ngokugcina inani lazo lilawulwa, amaxoxo anikela buthule ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yokuphila kwemiphakathi yabantu eseduze.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaxoxo esihlabathi angena kuwebhu yokudla njengoba inyamazane yezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni nezinyokaEzinye zalezi zinhlobo zigxile ekubambeni izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini. Ukuba khona kwazo kuqinisekisa umthombo wokudla ozinzile wezilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye eziyingxenye yokulinganisela kwemvelo yezindawo zemvelo zasogwini kanye nezangaphakathi.
Ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni ziyacatshangelwa izinkomba ze-biozempilo yemveloIsikhumba sazo esivulekayo kanye nomjikelezo wokuphila, oxhumene namanzi nomhlaba, kuzenza zizwele kakhulu izinguquko zekhwalithi yamanzi, ukungcola kwamakhemikhali, ukulahlekelwa yindawo yokuhlala, noma ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngakho-ke, uma Inani lamaxoxo lihlala lizinzile futhi liyabonakalaNgokuvamile kuchazwa njengophawu lokuthi imvelo igcina izinga elifanele lempilo enhle yezemvelo.
Esimweni esithile sePiriápolis, ukubonakala kwe- ixoxo lesihlabathi elinezilinganiso ezingavamile Kuphinde kuhunyushwe njengophawu lokuthi indawo yokuhlala yasendaweni iyaqhubeka nokunikeza izimo ezifanele zokuthuthukiswa kwezilwane eziphila isikhathi eside nezondlekile, yize ukungalingani kobukhulu bazo kufanele kuhlaziywe ngokuningiliziwe.
Kusukela ku-spa kuya ezinkundleni zokuxhumana: umthelela kanye nokusatshalaliswa kokutholwa
Kusukela ngesikhathi i-Alternatus Uruguay iveza obala ukuthi kukhona ixoxo elikhulu lesihlabathi, Izithombe namavidiyo alesi sibonelo asakazeka ngokushesha ezinkundleni zokuxhumanaKumarekhodi abiwe yinhlangano, abahlengi bangazwakala bephawula "ngokungajwayelekile" kwezenzo zabo ngenkathi isilwane sikhipha imisindo echazwa njengehlekisayo, imininingwane evuse ilukuluku kubasebenzisi abaningi.
Kwenye yalawo mavidiyo, ilungu le-Alternatus liphethe ixoxo ngezandla zombili futhi livuma ngobuqotho ukuthi "Kuyisidalwa esibi kakhulu."Naphezu kwezwi elivamile, umyalezo oyisisekelo ucacile: ngisho nabantu abajwayele ukusebenza nezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini nezilwane ezihuquzelayo nsuku zonke babengakaze bayibone into enjalo ngaphambili. I-Rhinella arenarum inamandla kakhulu.
Le nhlangano isisebenzise ithuba lokunakwa kwabezindaba ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlonipha lezi zilwane futhi hhayi nje ukubabona njengezidalwa “ezingavamile” noma ezicasulayo. Njengoba besho, ukushushiswa kanye nokwesaba okungenasisekelo kwamaxoxo kunegalelo ukwehla kwenani labantu eliyisihluthulelo sokulinganisela kwemveloLokhu kungaba nemiphumela kokubili kokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo kanye nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane zemvelo.
Kanye nokufinyelela kwayo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, i-Alternatus isebenza ku- ukuqoqwa kwedatha enemininingwane nezithombe ukubhala phansi leli cala ezincwadini ezikhethekile. Inhloso ukuhlinzeka ngerekhodi eliqinile elizovumela, esikhathini esizayo, qhathanisa lo muntu nezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu ngokungavamile okungatholakala e-Uruguay noma kwezinye izingxenye zaseMelika, ngisho nasezifundeni zaseYurophu lapho kufundwa khona izinto ezifanayo kwezinye izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini.
Konke okwenzekile okuzungeze leli xoxo nakho kuye kwasiza ukuletha i-herpetology eduze komphakathi jikeleleLona umkhakha ovame ukuncishiselwa emibuthanweni yezemfundo ephakeme. Ukusabela kokumangala, imibuzo, kanye nokuphawula okudalwe yilokho okutholiwe kwembula ukuthi lezi zilwane zingaba yindlela enamandla yokufundisa ngemvelo, kokubili eLatin America naseYurophu, lapho izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini zomdabu zibhekene nezinkinga ezifanayo kakhulu.
Icala le- ixoxo elikhulu lesihlabathi lasePiriápolis Ihlanganisa indaba emangalisayo yesilwane esingavamile nemiyalezo eminingana eyisisekelo: isidingo sokuqhubeka nokufunda ngezilwane ezisizungezile ngokujulile, umsebenzi obalulekile wezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemhlabeni njengabalawuli bezinambuzane kanye nezinkomba zezinto eziphilayo, kanye nesifiso sokushintsha umbono wezenhlalo ngezilwane, okungeyona ingozi noma engathandeki, eziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zemvelo yasogwini kanye nesihlabathi etholakala e-Uruguay njengasezindaweni eziningi zaseSpain naseYurophu.