Ulwandle lunokukhononda okwako, futhi isayensi ingagcina ibeke igama kukho. Ubuchwepheshe obusha buvumela "lalela" izinhlanzi futhi uhlonze ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezizwakalayo ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuvula iwindi elisha empilweni yezixhobo zamakhorali ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izakhamuzi zakhona.
Intuthuko, eholwa yiFishEye Collaborative kanye neCornell University kanye ne-Aalto University, ihlanganisa umsindo wendawo nevidiyo engu-360° ukuhlobanisa ngokunembile umsindo ngamunye nezinhlanzi eziwukhiqizayo. Lesi siphakamiso, esishicilelwe kumagazini i-Methods in Ecology and Evolution, simelela ukugxumela phambili okungokoqobo kokongiwa olwandle.
Isebenza kanjani "indlebe" ye-reef
Ithuluzi, a Ikhamera ye-Underwater Passive Acoustic (UPAC-360), ihlanganisa ama-hydrophone alalelwayo wendawo kanye nekhamera engu-360°. Lokhu kuvumela abacwaningi ukuthi bathole umthombo wesignali ngayinye yomsindo futhi bawubeke phezulu esithombeni ukuze babone ukuthi ubani "okhulumayo" ngesikhathi sangempela.
Le ndlela yokucwilisa ishintsha i-soundscape ye-reef ibe ithrekhi yokubuka evumelanisiwe neyokuzwayo. Isiqondiso somsindo sivezwa njengomzila kuvidiyo., ngakho-ke lapho inhlanzi ishaya, iklabalasa noma ivungama, isistimu ivumela ubufakazi obuqondile ukuthi busetshenziswe ukuze kubalule umthwalo wemfanelo wezinhlanzi.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukuthunyelwa kwayo okuzimele: imishini ifakiwe futhi ihlala irekhoda isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kwesidingo sabatshuzi noma izikebheNgale ndlela, ukuziphatha kwemvelo kuyabhalwa, okuvimbela ukuba khona komuntu ekuguquleni imiphumela.
Ukunqoba umsindo ongemuva kube enye yezinselelo ezinkulu. Itshe ligcwele izimfanzi snaps, creaks kanye bangs, kanye nokudlulisa izinhlanzi eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Umsindo wendawo usiza imithombo ehlukene, ngisho nalapho abantu bebhukuda ngamaqembu futhi amasiginali agqagqana.
Yini abayitholile kuze kube manje?
Eziweni ze CuracaoUhlelo luvumele ukuthi imisindo izwakale njengezinhlobo ezingama-46, ezingaphezu kwengxenye yazo engakaze iqoshwe njengomsindo. Leli sethi lakha iqoqo elikhulu lamasiginali we-acoustic. de peces eshicilelwe kuze kube manje.
Ithimba lilinganisela ukuthi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-700 e-Caribbean zingakhiqiza imisindo, ngakho idatha eqoqiwe iyisiqalo nje. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bakhiphe umtapo wolwazi okhulayo wama-audios amakiwe ezosetshenziselwa ukuqeqesha ama-algorithms okufunda komshini akwazi ukuthola izinhlobo ekurekhodeni okuzayo.
Umbono we-"Merlin" yasolwandle—njengohlelo lokusebenza lokuhlonza izinyoni lwe-Cornell Lab ye-Ornithology—usekude, kodwa isisekelo sesivele sikhona. Wonke umsindo uhlobene kwenza kube lula ukwenza ukuqashelwa ngokuzenzakalela, okuletha ithuba lemibuzo esheshayo kumthamo omkhulu womsindo ongaphansi kwamanzi.
Ngaphezu kweCuraçao, le ndlela isetshenziswa futhi yaqinisekiswa ngemikhankaso eqhubekayo kwezinye izixhobo. Uchungechunge lwesikhathi eside luvumela ukuqhathaniswa kwamahora, izinkathi zonyaka nezehlakalo, ithola izinguquko ezicashile kumsebenzi we-acoustic wemiphakathi de peces.
Ukongiwa kwemvelo, ukuphatha kanye nezinyathelo ezilandelayo
Izixhobo ezishisayo zasezindaweni ezishisayo ezingajulile zimboza kuphela u-0,1% ophansi kolwandle, kodwa ziyikhaya cishe Ama-25% azo zonke izinhlobo zasolwandleUkwehla kwazo ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ukungcoliswa komhlaba, nokudoba ngokweqile kwenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nezinkomba ezibucayi zempilo nokuqina.
Ukulalela izinhlanzi kunikeza ngokuqondile lokho kushaya kwenhliziyo. Ukunikezwa kwe-Soundscapes izimpawu zokuba khona, ukukhiqiza kanye nomsebenzi yezinhlobo ezibalulekile, esiza ukuhlola ukubuyiselwa, izindawo ezivikelwe kanye nezimpendulo eziqephuni zokucindezeleka kwemvelo.
Kubaphathi nama-NGO, ukuba nokuqapha okungenzi lutho, okuqhubekayo nokungahlaseli kuvumela tshala izinsiza kangcono: khomba ukuthi kufanele wenze kuphi, yiziphi izinyathelo ezisebenzayo, futhi nini ukulungisa imizamo. Ithimba lihlela ukunweba umtapo wolwazi we-Caribbean acoustic futhi andise ukuthunyelwa kuwo I-Hawaii ne-Indonesia emikhankasweni emisha.
Abaholi bephrojekthi bagcizelela ukuthi, nakuba kungekho "umsizi wendawo yonke" ongahlonza zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ngokushesha, insiza yesayensi iyashesha: kusukela ekutholeni izinhlobo ezingavamile noma ezihlaselayo kuya ekubhaleni izikhathi zokukhwelana kanye nezinguquko ekubunjweni komphakathi.
Ngale "ndlebe" engaphansi kwamanzi, ucwaningo seluthathe ithuba elingokoqobo: ukunikeza izwi ezinhlanzini akuyona ilukuluku elilula, kodwa ithuluzi elivumela. qapha impilo yezixhobo zokusebenza ngokunemba nangesikhathi sangempela, okuyisihluthulelo sokuvikela labo abathembele kulawa ma-ecosystems kanye nezinqubomgomo eziqondisayo eziqhutshwa idatha.
