Umkhakha wokudoba ngobuciko we ULa Graciosa noLanzarote bathathe isinyathelo esiwujuqu Ngokuvunyelwa kwesivumelwano esishintsha indlela ukudoba okuphathwa ngayo eMarine Reserve of Fishing Interest yaseLa Graciosa kanye neziqhingi ezincane ezisenyakatho yeLanzarote. Lesi sinqumo, esamukelwe ngoMashi 26 eCaleta del Sebo, sibhekwa njengengqophamlando yezinhlangano zokudoba zasendaweni futhi siphawula isigaba esisha ebuhlotsheni phakathi kokulondolozwa kolwandle kanye nomsebenzi wobungcweti, kuyilapho futhi sifuna ukuqinisekisa ikusasa lezomnotho lokudoba ngobuciko.
Lesi sivumelwano, esifinyelelwe ngaphakathi kwe- Ikomidi Elihlangene Lokuphathwa Nokuqapha Indawo EgciniweLesi sivumelwano asigcini nje ngokubhekana nezidingo ezenziwe iminyaka eminingi ngabadobi abavela kuzo zombili iziqhingi, kodwa futhi sihlanganisa ne-Playa Blanca Fisheries's Association okokuqala. Konke lokhu kuzokwenziwa ngaphansi kohlelo lokulawula oluqinile, olwenzelwe ukuvikela indawo yokuhlala ye-Chinijo Archipelago, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuqinisekiswe ikusasa lezomnotho lokudoba ngobuciko.
Isivumelwano esilinde isikhathi eside ngumkhakha wokudoba ngobuciko
Umhlangano obubanjelwe eCaleta del Sebo Sociocultural Centre wahlanganisa abenzi bezinqubomgomo, ochwepheshe kanye nabameleli bomkhakha ukudoba. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona u-Esteban Reyes, uMqondisi Jikelele Wezokudoba kuHulumeni Weziqhingi zaseCanary, kanye no-Elisa Carbajo, iPhini likaMqondisi Jikelele Wezokucwaninga Nokuqoqwa Kwemininingwane Yezokudoba kuMnyango Wezolimo, Ukudoba Nokudla (i-MAPA), kanye nabakhulumeli bezinhlangano zabadobi zaseLa Graciosa, eSan Ginés (Órzola nase-Arrecife), eLa Tiñosa (ePuerto del Carmen) kanye neNational Federation of Artisanal Fishing (i-FENAPA).
Ngokusho kukaReyes, umbhalo okuvunyelwene ngawo iphendula ezidingweni zomlando kusukela kochwepheshe bezolwandle baseLanzarote naseLa Graciosa. Kuze kube manje, abadobi abaningi babecabanga ukuthi ukufinyelela endaweni yokugcina izinhlanzi akubonisanga kahle ukuxhumana kwabo nendawo noma iqiniso lamanje lemikhumbi yezandla, okwakubangele ukungezwani nomuzwa wokukhononda phakathi kwezinhlangano ezahlukene zabadobi kanye namachweba.
Isivumelwano savunywa ngokusekelwa yilo mkhakha, omelela, ngamazwi ezikhulu zikahulumeni, ushintsho ekuqondeni mayelana nezindawo zokugcina izilwane zasolwandleEsikhundleni sokubonakala njengomkhawulo, kuhloswe ukuba kuqondwe njengethuluzi eliqinisekisa izinsiza zokudoba zesikhathi eside futhi livule umnyango wokudalwa kwezindawo zokugcina ezintsha kwezinye iziqhingi.
Abameleli abavela kuMkhandlu Wesiqhingi saseLanzarote kanye noMkhandlu Wesiqhingi saseLa Graciosa kanye noMkhandlu Wedolobha laseTeguise nabo bahlanganyele emhlanganweni, begcizelela ukubaluleka bonke abaphathi abathintekayo bahlala etafuleni elifanayo kanye nabazalwane kanye nezinhlangano zabo ukuze bavumelane ngezinguquko ezithinta ngqo umnotho wendawo.
Ukuhlelwa kabusha kokubalwa kwabantu: uhlu oluhleliwe kanye nohlu olwengeziwe
Enye yezinsika zesivumelwano yi- ukuhlelwa kabusha kokubalwa kwabantu kwemikhumbi egunyaziwe ukudoba ngobungcweti ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugcina izilwane zasolwandle. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, lokhu kubalwa kwabantu kuhlelwe ngamabhulokhi amabili ahlukene, aklanyelwe ukulinganisela izimpande zendawo nokubamba iqhaza kweminye imikhumbi evela endaweni ezungezile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlu oluhleliwe lwemikhumbi Lolu hlu luqukethe ikakhulukazi imikhumbi eseCaleta del Sebo (La Graciosa) nasePuerto de Órzola (Lanzarote), kanye naleyo esevele ifakiwe ekubalweni kwabantu kwamanje. Lolu hlu lwahlanganiswa ngokusekelwe ezindinganisweni zokujwayela kanye nokusondela, okubeka phambili leyo ekhona njalo futhi engokwesiko endaweni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i- uhlu olwengeziwe lwemikhumbi Lokhu kuzofaka yonke imikhumbi eseLanzarote noma eLa Graciosa engekho ohlwini oluyinhloko. Le mikhumbi izokwazi ukufinyelela endaweni yokugcina ngokushintshana, ngokusebenzisa ukushintshana kwamasonto onke, ngaleyo ndlela ivule amathuba ochwepheshe abengeziwe ngaphandle kokwandisa ingcindezi yokudoba endaweni evikelwe.
Sekukonke, uhlelo olusha luhlinzeka ngesabelo esingaba ngu- imikhumbi engamashumi amahlanu ohlwini oluhleliwe kanye nezinye eziyishumi ohlwini olunamathiselwe, kanye nohlelo lokusabalalisa oluhlanganisa ukubamba iqhaza kwezinhlangano ezine zabadobi ezihilelekile kanye ne-Órzola Fishermen's Association. Uma noma iyiphi inhlangano ingasebenzisi izimvume zayo zamasonto onke, lezo zindawo zingasetshenziswa abanye, okuvimbela noma yimaphi amalayisense ukuthi angasetshenziswa.
Lolu hlobo lwenhlangano lufuna, empeleni, ukwenza kube yintando yeningi ukufinyelela endaweni egciniweLokhu kuvumela imikhumbi eminingi ngenkathi kuhlale kuqashelwa amandla okuthwala izinto eziphilayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inhloso ukwenza lo msebenzi ukhange kakhulu ezizukulwaneni ezintsha ngokunikeza uhlaka lokuzinza nemithetho ecacile.
Ukufakwa kwabadobi basePlaya Blanca
Izindaba ezinkulu zesivumelwano yilezi umnyango we-Playa Blanca Brotherhood eLa Graciosa Marine Reserve kanye naseziqhingini ezisenyakatho yeLanzarote. Kuze kube manje, abadobi baleli chweba eliseningizimu yesiqhingi babevinjelwe ukusetshenziswa ngqo kwale ndawo, ababeyikhomba iminyaka eminingi njengokungabi nabulungisa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindawo.
Ngemva kokuqaliswa kwesivumelwano, ochwepheshe ePlaya Blanca bazokwazi ukusebenza ngesisekelo esithile nesilinganiselwe ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugcina, ukudoba kuvunyelwe njalo ngaphansi kohlelo lwezimvume ngaphansi kwemibandela eqinile. Lokhu kufinyelela okulawulwayo kwenzelwe ukuvimbela ukwanda okukhulu komzamo wokudoba nokuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi uhlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele ehambisana nokonga.
Phakathi kwezinyathelo ezihleliwe kukhona indawo eyimpoqo yemikhumbi ukufinyelela okuvela ePlaya Blanca, kanye nokuqapha okuningiliziwe komsebenzi wabo. Lezi zidingo zingeziwe kwezinye izilawuli ezivamile endaweni yokugcina, okuzovumela ulwazi olunembile mayelana nokunyakaza nokubamba.
Kubazalwane abathintekayo, ukufakwa kwePlaya Blanca kuchazwa ngokuthi isenzo sokuvuleleka kanye nokusabalalisa ngokulinganayo kwezinsizakusebenza, njalo ngaphansi kwesambulela sokuzinza. Lesi sivumelwano siwumphumela weqembu elisebenzayo lapho izinhlangano zabadobi zaseLa Graciosa, eSan Ginés naseLa Tiñosa zahlanganyela khona, kanye neRegional Federation of Fisherman's Guilds of the Canary Islands kanye nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe beDirectorate General of Fisheries.
Izindawo zokugcina zasolwandle: ukulondolozwa, ukulawulwa kanye nokusekelwa kokudoba kobuciko
I-Marine Reserve of Fishing Interest yaseLa Graciosa kanye neziqhingi ezisenyakatho yeLanzarote zakha ingxenye yenethiwekhi ye izindawo zokugcina zasolwandle ezilawulwa nguMthetho 17/2003 Wezokudoba Eziqhingini zaseCanary kanye noMthetho 5/2023 mayelana nocwaningo lokudoba oluqhubekayo nokudoba. Lezi zinyathelo zokuvikela zihlose ukulondoloza nokubuyisa izinsiza zokudoba kanye nezimbaza, ngenkathi zisekela imisebenzi yokudoba yobuciko yendawo neyesifunda.
Kulezi zindawo, ukuhlukaniswa okucacile kwendawo evikelwe kanye nesethi yemithetho ekhawulela ukusetshenziswa okuvunyelwe. Indawo egciniwe ihlanganisa indawo evikelwe ngokuphelele, lapho kuvunyelwe khona imisebenzi yesayensi kanye nokuhamba ngemikhumbi engenacala, kanye nokudoba okungavunyelwe. Ezizungezile le ndawo kunezindawo ezivinjelwe ukusetshenziswa, lapho kuvunyelwe ukudoba okukhethayo kuphela, kanye nezindawo ezilinganiselwe zokusetshenziswa ezinezimo eziguquguqukayo.
Ukuqinisekisa ukulandelwa kwale mithetho, izindawo zokugcina izilwane zasolwandle zine izinsizakalo zokuqapha, zokulawula nezokuqapha ezihlala njaloifakwe izinsizakusebenza ezithile. Inhloso ikabili: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhawulo iyahlonishwa kanye nokuba nedatha eyanele yokulungisa ukuphathwa ngokwesimo sezinsizakusebenza kanye nomsebenzi womkhakha.
Endabeni yesiqhingi saseChinijo, isivumelwano esisha sibhekwa njengesihluthulelo ukugcina impilo yesimiso sezinto zasolwandle nokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokudoba ngobuciko eLa Graciosa naseLanzarote. Ngokulawula ukuthi ubani ongangena, ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo, nokuthi isikhathi esingakanani, inhloso ukuvimbela ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile nokukhuthaza ukubuyiselwa kwe- izinhlobo ezithakazelisayo kwezokudoba.
Ukuphathwa okwabiwe kanye nokwandiswa kwemodeli kwezinye iziqhingi
Isivumelwano esifinyelelwe eLa Graciosa siyingxenye ye Isivumelwano sokuphatha esabiwe kwezindawo zokugcina amanzi zasolwandle eziQhingini zaseCanary, kusayinwe phakathi koMqondisi Jikelele Wezokudoba kahulumeni wesifunda kanye noMqondisi Jikelele Wezokudoba Okusimeme woMnyango Wezolimo, Ukudoba Nokudla (i-MAPA). Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imihlangano nezinhlangano zabadobi, amakhansela eziqhingi, kanye nomasipala iye yaqina ukuze kulungiswe ukuphathwa kwezidingo zangempela zomkhakha.
Phakathi kukaMashi 23 no-26, kube nemihlangano yokusebenza eyahlukahlukene hlaziya isimo sezindawo zokugcina zasolwandle eziningana ye-Archipelago. Ngaphezu komhlangano eCaleta del Sebo, kwaxoxwa ngesimo sendawo yokugcina izilwane yaseLa Palma, ephethwe ngqo yiHulumeni, futhi kwaba nomhlangano olandelayo wePunta de La Restinga Marine Reserve, eMar de Las Calmas, esiqhingini sase-El Hierro.
Le mihlangano yayihlanganisa izingxoxo ngeziphakamiso zokuthuthukisa ukuqapha ukubhukha. ukwandisa imvamisa yemihlangano yokuqapha kanye nokusheshisa ukwamukelwa kwezinyathelo lapho kutholakala izinkinga noma izidingo ezintsha. Inselele yokuvuselelwa kwezizukulwane nayo yaxoxwa ngayo, kanye nokubaluleka kokuthuthukisa umbono womphakathi ngezindawo ezivikelwe phakathi kwabadobi kanye nomphakathi jikelele, ikakhulukazi lapho bebhekene nezinsongo ezifana nokuthi i-sargassum.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Directorate General of Fisheries izibekele umgomo olandelayo wesikhathi esimaphakathi okungenani ube nentshisekelo eyodwa yokudoba olwandle esiqhingini ngasinyeNgenxa yalokhu, kwenziwa izifundo zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ezindaweni ezifana nesiqhingi saseLobos kanye nomsele waseLa Bocayna, phakathi kweFuerteventura neLanzarote, ukuze kuhlolwe amandla azo okuthola indawo entsha enokusekelwa okubanzi komphakathi.
Uhulumeni waseCanary Islands usebenzisana noMnyango Wezokudoba Oqhubekayo woMnyango Wezokudoba buyekeza ulwazi lwesayensi kanye nolwezomnotho kwezindawo zaseLa Gomera naseTenerife, ngokusebenzisa amakhomishini aya eTragsatec, ngenhloso yokwakhiwa kwezindawo ezintsha zokugcina amanzi olwandle kulezi zindawo.
Ukubambisana kwezikhungo kanye nendima yomphakathi
Isivumelwano seLa Graciosa sesibe isifundo esisebenzayo se- ukubambisana phakathi kokuphathwa kanye nomkhakha wokudobaUhulumeni wesifunda, uMnyango Wezobulungiswa, amakhansela aseziqhingini, amakhansela amadolobha, izinhlangano zabadobi kanye nezinhlangano zisebenzisane, okwenza kucace ukuthi, ezindabeni zokuphathwa kolwandle, akukho qembu elingaqhubekela phambili lodwa.
Iziphathimandla zigcizelela ukuthi impumelelo yalezi zinhlobo zezinyathelo ayixhomekile nje encwadini yesivumelwano, kodwa futhi naku- izinga lokuzibandakanya kochwepheshe bezolwandle ngokwaboOkuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwansuku zonke ezindaweni zokudoba kanye nolwazi lwabo ngokuguquguquka kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi kubalulekile ekuvumelaniseni imithethonqubo neqiniso kanye nokuthola izinkinga ezingaba khona ngesikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kugcizelelwa ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi izakhamuzi ziqonde ukuthi izindawo zokugcina amanzi olwandle, ngokuyinhloko, ziyi- ithuluzi lokuvikela ifa elivamileIzinsiza zasolwandle ezisekela umnotho wendawo, ukuqashwa kokudoba ngobuciko, kanye nokukhanga kwemvelo kweziqhingi kuyizinto ezibalulekile. Umbono wendawo egciniwe "njengokuvinjelwa" kancane kancane unikeza indawo umbono ohlobene kakhulu nokuphepha nekusasa lomkhakha.
Ngakho-ke imodeli yeLa Graciosa neLanzarote ithathwa njenge inkomba yeminye imisebenzi e-Archipelago, ngokubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa imingcele ecacile, ukubamba iqhaza kwabo bonke abalingisi kanye nesakhiwo esiguquguqukayo esingalungiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokuya ngalokho okuboniswa yidatha nolwazi.
Lesi sivumelwano eLa Graciosa Marine Reserve kanye naseziqhingini ezisenyakatho yeLanzarote sihlanganisa indlela entsha yokuqonda ukuphathwa kwezinhlanzi EziQhingini zaseCanary: uhlelo olusekelwe ekuhlanganisweni kokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuphathwa kwemizamo yokudoba, ukufakwa kwazo zonke izinhlangano zokudoba ezihilelekile, kanye nokubamba iqhaza okusebenzayo kweziphathimandla. Ngokuhlelwa kabusha kokubalwa kwabantu, ukungena okulawulwayo kwabadobi ePlaya Blanca, kanye nokukhuthazwa kwezindawo zokugcina izinhlanzi ezengeziwe eziqhingini, umkhakha wokudoba wobuciko unohlaka oluzinzile lokuqhubeka nokudoba, kuyilapho uhlelo lwemvelo lwasolwandle lweChinijo Archipelago luqinisekisa ukuhlala luphila futhi lukhiqiza isikhathi eside.
