Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze- izinhlanzi ezisengozini noma ezingasengozini enkulu ekuguqukeni kwemvelo okwenzeka endaweni abahlala kuyo. Abanye baphendula kahle ngokuzivumelanisa nezimo kanti abanye abenzi kahle kangako bagcine ngokufa.
Kunezinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasendle eziningi kakhulu oLwandle iMedithera ezingabhukudi ezisheshayo futhi ziyakwazi ukuhogela izidumbu zazo ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, ngokungcola, noma yiluphi ushintsho ephungeni lamanzi lungathinta ukuphunyuka kwale nhlanzi. Iphunga lamanzi lizithinta kanjani lezi zinhlanzi?
Ama-thrush juveniles
Lezi zinhlanzi zingafinyelela usayizi esigabeni sabo sabadala se- cishe i-45 cm ubude. Inomzimba ovulekile, ophelela embotsheni enezindebe ezinkulu, eziyinyama. Ngokuqondene nombala wayo, imvamisa iphakathi kokuluhlaza okotshani noku nsundu futhi ibonakala ngokuthola amachashazi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu ahlelwe ohlwini. Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, uhlala eLwandle iMedithera emibhedeni ye-algae yolwandle. Zihlala futhi emadwaleni nasesihlabathini, yize zibonakala phezulu.
Izinhlanzi zethrush ziyi-hermaphroditic futhi ezinsikazi zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi zineminyaka emibili ubudala. Iningi lalaba besifazane ligcina selingamadoda ngemuva komunye unyaka. Isikhathi sokuzalisa siphakathi kukaMeyi noJuni lapho abesifazane bebeka khona amaqanda abo emadwaleni ambozwe ulwelwe. Ezeduna ziphethe ukubheka amaqanda, yize zingawavuseleli amanzi noma zakha isidleke.
Lezi zinhlanzi zenza inani elikhulu lokunyakaza lapho zikhona ikwazi ukuhogela ukudla noma izidliwayo zayo.
Ucwaningo ngephunga lamanzi ku-thrush yezingane
Ithimba lososayensi abavela ezikhungweni eziningana lenze ucwaningo ngomthelela wephunga lamanzi ezinhlanzini. Ithimba labacwaningi beliholwa ngu iBalearic Oceanographic Center yeSpain Institute of Oceanography (IEO). Ukuze benze lolu cwaningo, abacwaningi basebenzise uhlelo olukhetha ukuhamba kwamanzi futhi oluvumela ukuthi kuhlukaniswe imizimba emibili ehlukene endaweni eyodwa ngaphandle kokuxubana ngempela. Ngale ndlela ziyakwazi ukubona endaweni efanayo, ukuthi iphunga lamanzi lithinta kanjani izinhlanzi.
Ucwaningo lususelwa ku indlela yokuziphatha kwezinhlanzi ngaphambi kwephunga elehlukile amanzi angaba nalo. La maphunga angashintshwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningi njengokungcola kolwandle kusuka ekuchithekeni. Yize kunenkolelo edumile yokuthi izinhlanzi zinomuzwa omncane wokuhogela (ngoba zihlala ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi azinamaphaphu, umqondo wokuthi zinephunga azikhulelwanga kahle), uhlelo lokudla lwezinhlanzi luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, lucishe lufane nolwabantu.
U-Adam Gouraguine, ungumfundi wobudokotela eNyuvesi yase-Essex, e-United Kingdom, ngokuhlala e-Oceanographic yaseBalearic Islands futhi ungumbhali oyinhloko wesifundo. U-Adam uchaza ukuthi ososayensi abaningana basebenzise le ndlela kusukela ngeminyaka yama-2000 ukuze bakwazi ukubona ukuthi iphunga lamanzi likuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kwezinhlanzi. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuqukethe ukwethula izinhlanzi ezishaywayo ohlelweni lokukhetha ukugeleza nokuzichaya ephunga elihlukile. Njengoba inhlanzi iphendula iphunga, indlela eliziphatha ngayo iyaqoshwa. Imizimba yamanzi ohlelweni ayihlangani, noma kunjalo, izinhlanzi zingabhukuda ngokukhululeka kuzo zonke. Ngale ndlela, inhlanzi ingakhetha umzimba wamanzi "ewuthanda" kakhulu.
Kuze kube manje, lokho ososayensi abebekucwaninga kube ukuthi le nhlanzi yahlala isikhathi esingakanani emanzini afanayo inganyakazi. Kepha kulo mcimbi, ubusha obuyinhloko bophenyo ukuthi imayelana okokuqala lapho lokhu kuziphatha sekufundwe, kepha ngohlobo lweMedithera. Izikhathi ezedlule bekwenziwe ezinhlotsheni ezishisayo.
Imiphumela nokuhlolwa kwesibili
I-juvenile thrush ayikhombisanga ukuthanda noma iyiphi ingxenye ethile yamanzi. Iminyaka yezinhlanzi abazisebenzisile yayiphakathi kwamaziphozipho nabantu abadala, ngakho-ke bayalwamukela usongo, baziphatha ngendlela ehlukile, kepha bazibeka engcupheni. Ngokunikwa lo mphumela, iqembu labacwaningi lalizonquma ukuphothula ucwaningo. Kodwa-ke, kwathathwa esinye isinyathelo sokufunda hhayi kuphela isikhathi izinhlanzi esichitha emzimbeni ngamunye wamanzi, kodwa futhi indlela izinhlanzi ezaziziphatha ngayo ekuhambeni ngakunye. Isibonelo, okunye kokuguquguqukayo obekufundwa ijubane izinhlanzi ezihamba ngalo ngaphakathi kwezindikimba zamanzi ezahlukahlukene kanye nenombolo yokuhamba okungazelelwe eyakwenza ngaphakathi kwazo.
Lapho lokhu kuhlolwa kwesibili sekwenziwe, kulapho ochwepheshe babona khona ukuthi iphunga lenhlanzi liyinkimbinkimbi kanjani ngoba ijubane lapho izinhlanzi zihamba khona kungaba yinkomba yokuthi izinhlanzi zizizwa kanjani esimweni ngasinye. Isivivinyo sasiqukethe ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-thrush yezinsizwa emizimbeni emihlanu yamanzi enephunga elihlukile: umhlaseli, Posidonia oceanica, ulwelwe, izinhlanzi zohlobo olufanayo kanye namanzi okugcina ahlungiwe futhi ahlanzekile. Ukuhlolwa ngakunye kokuhlanu, okukodwa kwephunga ngalinye, kwenziwa nezinhlanzi ezihlukene ezingama-30, esisodwa ngasikhathi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-thrush iyinhlobo yasendle, bekungeke kwenzeke ukugcina izinhlanzi zithunjiwe isikhathi eside kakhulu ngoba bekukhona ubungozi bokuthi izinhlanzi zizofunda ukuthi iphunga lesilwane asiqhamuki koqobo. Phakathi kokubamba izinhlanzi nokwenza ucwaningo, abacwaningi bavumela isikhathi esingamahora angama-24 ukuthi i-thrush ikhiphe ingcindezi futhi ijwayele amathangi ezinhlanzi.
Umphumela waba ushintsho ekuziphatheni kwezinhlanzi. ngokunyakaza okungazelelwe okuningi emanzini ngephunga lezidliwayo noma ukudla. Lokhu kuphendula indlela yokuvikela ehlobene nendiza kanye nokudla. Kuphinde kwabonwa nokuthi emanzini anephunga lezinhlanzi zohlobo olufanayo, indlela yokuziphatha ayishintshanga ngejubane noma inani lokuhamba okungazelelwe. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi emanzini lapho kunezinhlanzi zohlobo olufanayo bazizwa bephephile futhi babhukuda kancane.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, uhlelo lwezinhlanzi olfactory luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi ungafundi nje kuphela ukuthi inhlanzi ihlala kangakanani emzimbeni ngamunye wamanzi kodwa futhi nakwenzayo ngaphakathi kwawo.