Ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngamakhulu amabili engekho, Izimfudu ezinkulu ezihlotshaniswa nozalo lokuqala lwaseFloreana sezibuyile ukuzothatha indawo yazo kwenye yeziqhingi ezifanekisela kakhulu iziqhingi zaseGalapagos. ukukhishwa kwezinhlobo zezingane ezingaphezu kuka-150 Kuphawula inguquko ekulondolozweni kwalolu hlobo kanye nasekubuyiselweni kwemvelo kwesiqhingi.
Ufudu olukhulu oluvela eFloreana, I-Chelonoidis niger niger yayibhekwa njengenyamalele kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-19Nokho, ukuhlanganiswa kwezifundo zofuzo, izinhlelo zokuzalanisa, kanye nomsebenzi ohlanganisiwe phakathi kwezikhungo zomphakathi, izinhlangano zesayensi, kanye nomphakathi wendawo kuye kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukubuyisela lezi zilwane—noma okungenani inzalo yazo eseduze—endaweni yazo yokuhlala yokhokho.
Ukubuya okungokomlando ngemva kweminyaka eyikhulu nesigamu yokungabikho
Bakhululwe esiqhingini izimfudu ezincane ezingaphezu kuka-150, kanye nezibalo eziphakathi kuka-156 no-158 kuye ngezigaba ezahlukene zephrojekthi.Zonke zivela ohlelweni lokuzalanisa oluhlose ukubuyisa izakhi zofuzo eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka zabantu basendulo baseFloreana.
UFloreana ukhona esinye seziqhingi ezinkulu eziyishumi nantathu zaseGalapagos, e-Ecuador, futhi sasineminyaka ephakathi kuka-150 no-180 singenazo izimfudu ezinkulu zozalo lwaso lokuqala.Ukunyamalala kwazo kwakuhlobene nokucindezelwa ngabantu, ikakhulukazi, nemikhuba yokubamba imikhomo kanye nokuhamba ibanga elide, okwasebenzisa lezi zilwane njengomthombo wenyama entsha ebhodini.
Ukubuyiselwa kwalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo akuyona nje into engokomfanekiso. Kubhekwa njengendawo yokuqala ngokusemthethweni yePhrojekthi Yokuvuselela Imvelo yaseFloreana, echazwa yiGalapagos National Park njengenye yezinselele ezinkulu zokulondolozwa kwemvelo ezenzeka emlandweni walesi siqhingi.
Njengamanje, bayaziwa Okungenani izinhlobo eziyishumi nanhlanu zezimfudu ezinkulu eGalapagos, ezintathu zazo ezibhekwa njengezingasekhokufaka phakathi ufudu lwaseFloreana olusanda kushabalala. Izinhlobo ezisanda kukhishwa azihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezifanayo zokuqala, kodwa zimele uhlu lozalo oluseduze kakhulu oluye lwakhiwa kabusha kusukela enzalweni yazo.
Iziphathimandla zemvelo zigcizelela ukuthi Lesi sinyathelo sivula isigaba sokuvuselela isikhathi eside, lapho kunethemba lokuthi indima yezimfudu ngokwemvelo izosiza ekubuyiseleni izinqubo zemvelo ebeziphazamiseke izizukulwane ngezizukulwane.
Izakhi zofuzo kanye nokuzalanisa okulawulwayo: yile ndlela uhlu lozalo olulahlekile olusindiswe ngayo
Ukubuya kwalezi zimfudu yikona umphumela wamashumi eminyaka yomsebenzi wesayensi oqhutshwa yiGalapagos National Park Directorate kanye nezikhungo ezahlukene ezisebenzisanayoUshintsho lwenzeka ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, lapho ukuhlaziywa kwe-DNA kwembula okutholakele okumangazayo.
Abacwaningi bathole Izimfudu ezizalwa eFloreana entaba-mlilo iWolf, enyakatho ye-Isabela Island, enkulu kunazo zonke eziqhingini. Lezi kwakuyizibonelo ezazigcina izingcezu ezifanele ze-genome yabantu basendulo baseFloreana, okungenzeka ukuthi zazithuthwa phakathi kweziqhingi ngamatilosi kanye nabadobi bemikhomo emakhulwini eminyaka adlule.
Kulabo bantu, uhlelo lokuzalanisa olulawulwayoukukhetha lezo ezinenani eliphezulu kakhulu lezinto zofuzo ezihlobene ne-Floreana. Umgomo kwakuwukudala inani elisha labantu, nakuba lingafani nelilodwa eliphelile, kodwa elizofana ngangokunokwenzeka ngokwezakhi zofuzo.
Eminyakeni edlule, izimfudu ezizalwe kulolu hlelo zifinyelele usayizi nobudala obufanele ukukhululwa. Abangaphezu kuka-150 asebevele beye esiqhingini bangabaqaphi bokuqala besu lesikhathi eside., elindele ukukhishwa okulandelanayo ngenkathi ukuzivumelanisa kwayo nomthelela emvelweni kuhlolwa.
Izikhulu ezivela ezinhlanganweni zamazwe ngamazwe ezihilelekile ekuxhasweni ngezimali kanye nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe, njenge I-CAF (iBhange Lentuthuko laseLatin America kanye neCaribbean) kanye ne-Global Environment Facility (GEF)Baqokomisa ukubaluleka kwale phrojekthi njengesibonelo okufanele siphindwe kwezinye izindawo ezibalulekile zemvelo, kokubili eLatin America nakwezinye izifunda, okuhlanganisa neYurophu, lapho kwenziwa khona umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa kwezinhlobo nezindawo zokuhlala ezonakele.
Umphakathi waseFloreana, ingxenye ebalulekile yale phrojekthi
I-Floreana iyisiqhingi esihlalwa ngabantu abaseduze Izakhamuzi ezihlala unomphela eziyi-160, ukubandakanyeka kwazo okube ngenye yezinsika zohlelo lokuvuselelaIzikhungo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo zikhethe indlela yokuphatha ehlanganyelwe, lapho izinqumo zemvelo zihambisana nezidingo zomphakathi nezomnotho zabantu bendawo.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, umphakathi uhlanganyele ku- imihlangano yokuhlela, izinyathelo zokuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nemisebenzi yokuqapha imveloLo msebenzi ohlanganyelwe wenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqinisa ukuqapha izilwane ezihlaselayo, ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokuphathwa komhlaba nokuqinisa isiko lokulondolozwa kwemvelo eligxile kakhulu.
Abakhulumeli bomphakathi bagcizelele ukuthi Ukubuya kwezimfudu kubonisa lokho okungafinyelelwa lapho omakhelwane, abaphathi, kanye nezinhlangano zesayensi begwedla beya ohlangothini olufanayo.Ukukhishwa kwalezi zibonelo akubonwa nje kuphela njengempumelelo yezemvelo, kodwa futhi njengethuba lokuhlukanisa umnotho wendawo ngokusebenzisa ezokuvakasha ezinakekelayo kanye nezinhlelo ezihlobene nokubuyiselwa kwemvelo.
Intuthuko ayigcini nje ngofudu. Ngenxa yokuqapha okuqhubekayo ensimini, I-pachay (i-Laterallus spilonota), inyoni engavamile eyayingakaze iqoshwe kulesi siqhingi kusukela ngesikhathi sikaCharles Darwin, itholakale kabusha.Lokhu okutholakele kuchazwa njengophawu lokuthi uhlelo lwe-ecosystem lusakwazi ukululama lapho izingcindezi zabantu zincishisiwe futhi izinqubo ezibalulekile zibuyiselwa.
Izinhlangano ezifana ne I-Charles Darwin Foundation, i-Jocotoco Foundation, i-Island Conservation kanye ne-Galapagos Conservancy Banikeze ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe, kwezokuhlela kanye nesayensi, kuyilapho iziphathimandla zase-Ecuador — ngoMnyango Wezemvelo, iGalapagos National Park Directorate kanye ne-Agency for Regulation and Control of Biosecurity and Quarantine for Galapagos (ABG) — zihlela uhlaka lokulawula kanye nokuphathwa endaweni.
Izimfudu ezinkulu "njengonjiniyela bezinto eziphilayo"
Ngale kophawu abalumelelayo, Izimfudu ezinkulu zifeza imisebenzi ebalulekile yemvelo eziqhinginiOchwepheshe abahlukahlukene babachaza ngokuthi “onjiniyela bezinto eziphilayo” ngenxa yekhono labo lokushintsha indawo nokukhuthaza ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo.
Ukudla kwabo kanye nendlela yabo yokuhamba kunomthelela hlakaza imbewu, unqume izitshalo, futhi udale izindawo ezivulekile ezindaweni eziminyeneLokhu, kuvumela ukuhluma kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo. Njengoba zihamba, zakha imizila kanye nezimbobo ezincane enhlabathini ezisebenza njengendawo yokukhosela ezinye izinto eziphilayo futhi zikhuthaze ukuqongelela kwamanzi nezakhamzimba.
Ukuba khona kwalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu nakho kuthinta isakhiwo sendawo yokuhlala yezinyoni eziningi, izilwane ezingenamgogodla, kanye nezilwane ezincane ezinomgogodlaNgokushintsha ukumbozwa kwezitshalo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinsiza, bakhiqiza ama-mosaic endawo akhulisa ukuhlukahluka kwezindawo zemvelo ezitholakalayo.
Ngokunyamalala kofudu olukhulu lwaseFloreana, eziningi zalezi zinqubo zaphazamiseka noma zabuthakathaka. Ukwethulwa kabusha kozalo oluseduze kakhulu olutholakalayo kuhlose ngqo ukuvuselela leyo misebenzi elahlekile., ukusekela ukuvuselelwa kwemvelo kwesiqhingi ngaphandle kokuthembela kuphela ekungeneleleni kwabantu okuqhubekayo.
Le ndlela ihambisana nemikhuba yokulondolozwa kwemvelo yamazwe ngamazwe, ekhona naseYurophu. Bakhuthaza amaphrojekthi okuvuselela noma okuvuselela kabushalapho izilwane ezinkulu ezidla uhlaza kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezibalulekile zitholwa khona ukuze zikwazi ukushintsha imvelo ngokuzimela, kuncishiswe izindleko zokuphatha ezisebenzayo esikhathini esimaphakathi.
Ilabhorethri ephilayo enezifundo zezinye izindawo
Iphrojekthi Yokuvuselela Imvelo yaseFloreana icatshangwa njenge ilabhorethri evulekile lapho izifundo zayo zingadluliselwa kwezinye izindawo ezivikelweUkuhlanganiswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezisetshenziswayo, ukuphathwa okuguquguqukayo, ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwezakhamuzi kwenza kube yisifundo esithakazelisayo kubaphathi bezindawo zemvelo emazwenikazi ahlukene.
Abaphathi bezinhlelo bagcizelela ukuthi Ukukhululwa kwalezi zimfudu kuyisigaba sokuqala nje sohlelo olukhulu., ecabanga ngokubuya kwezinhlobo zezilwane zasendaweni ezingafika kweziyishumi nambili, ukuqothulwa noma ukulawulwa kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo kanye nokuhlanganiswa komnotho wendawo oxhumene nokulondolozwa kwesikhathi eside.
EYurophu, kuphi Izinhlelo zokuvuselela imvelo kanye nemizila eluhlaza ziyandiswa.Iphrojekthi yeFloreana inikeza izibonelo ezicacile zendlela yokuhlanganisa uxhaso lwamazwe ngamazwe, isayensi esezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nokuzibandakanya komphakathi. Ngokombono we-European Union, amaphrojekthi alolu hlobo ahambisana namasu okuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo akhuthaza ukubuyiselwa kwezindawo zokuhlala ezonakele, ukuqinisa inani labantu abasengozini, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nemiphakathi yasendaweni ukuze ivumelane nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Nakuba isimo semvelo nesenhlalo seGalapagos kanye nesimo saseYurophu sihluke kakhulu, Ingqondo eyisisekelo iyafana: ukubuyisela ukuvelela ezinhlotsheni ezibalulekile kanye nokusebenza kwemvelo kwezindawo zemvelo.ukunciphisa ukuncika ezixazululweni zobuchwepheshe kuphela kanye nokukhiqiza izinzuzo zemvelo, ezomnotho kanye nezamasiko.
Ngofudu ngalunye olubuyayo ukuzohamba ezindleleni zaseFloreana, indaba ephazanyiswe eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu nesigamu edlule iyavuselelwa. Le phrojekthi ayigcini nje ngokubuyisa ingxenye elahlekile yephazili yezemvelo yaseGalapagos, kodwa futhi izimisa njengesilinganiso somhlaba wonke sendlela isayensi, izikhungo, kanye nemiphakathi engabambisana ngayo ukubuyisela imvelo. futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuvulela amathuba amasha esikhathi esizayo abantu abahlala kulezi zindawo.
