Ukuvikelwa kwe izimfudu ezinkulu ifinyelela ingqopha-mlando emisha eziqhingini ezimbili eziyisakhiwo sodumo. E-Indian Ocean, abacwaningi baseSeychelles bathole ukufakwa kokuqala okuyimpumelelo kokwenziwa kofudu olukhulu lwe-Aldabra, kuyilapho e-equatorial Pacific, uhlelo lokubuyisela iGalapagos luqinisa inqubekelaphambili yalo ngesayensi nokuphatha isikhathi eside.
Lezi zinhlelo, ezihlanganisayo ubuchwepheshe, ukuphathwa kwendawo kanye nezakhi zofuzo, penda isithombe sethemba lokuqapha ngezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezingaba nesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-250 futhi ziphile iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, kodwa ezisabhekene nezingcindezi zomlando nezinsongo ezintsha zemvelo.
Impumelelo yokuphayona e-Aldabra: Amaphuphu angu-13 achanyuselwe ngokufukamela okusizwayo
Abalondolozi bemvelo eSeychelles bakuqinisekisile lokho inzalo eyishumi nantathu Ufudu oluwumdondoshiya lwe-Aldabra lusindile ngemva kwenqubo yokufukamela yokwenziwa, umphumela ongakaze ubonwe ovula izindlela ezingokoqobo zokusekela abantu abanamazinga aphansi okuchanyuselwa ezidlekeni zemvelo.
Isonto elilodwa ngemva kokuchanyuselwa, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zazidla izingcezu zikabhanana namaqabunga aluhlaza, ngenkathi iqembu lihlola inqubekelaphambili yabo. Lolu hlobo, olungenye yezinkulu futhi ezihlale isikhathi eside kakhulu emhlabeni, lugcina enye yezinqaba zalo zokugcina endle e-Aldabra.
Iqembu liluleme amaqanda ayishumi nesishiyagalombili kusuka esidlekeni esisodwa esisesiqhingini umzala futhi sasebenzisa indlela yokubona ukuthi yimaphi amaqanda okungenzeka ahlulekile avundiswa ngempela futhi akwazi ukukhula.
Ngokocwaningo oluholwa usosayensi waseSeychellois u-Alessia Lavigne (University of Sheffield), umphumela umele ingqophamlando yokusebenza ukuze kugcinwe imvelo ngokubonisa ukuthi, ngokuxilonga nokuphathwa ngendlela efanele, imibungu ephilayo ehlulekayo ukukhula kahle ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ingatakulwa.
Ukuhlaziywa kwabonisa ukuthi cishe U-75% wamaqanda angakathuthukisiwe yayivundisiwe, kodwa imibungu yafa isaqala. Ubufakazi, obuhambisana nemibandela ye-IUCN, bukhomba izici zemvelo esidlekeni—futhi hhayi ngenxa yezimbangela zofuzo—njengesithiyo esiyinhloko sokuchanyuselwa.
Lo mongo awumusha: ukuqothulwa okungokomlando kwezimfudu olwandle lwase-Indian ngekhulu le-19 kwashiya i-Aldabra injengoba injalo. indawo yokukhosela engayodwaUkuhluka kwayo kwezemvelo, enezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-400 ezikhona, kwaholela ekumenyezelweni kwayo njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba yi-UNESCO ngo-1982.
Ukwakha a inetha lokuphepha Ukuze kuliwe nezinsongo ezizayo, ama-specimens athuthelwe eziqhingini ezinjenge-Cousin, lapho le nzalo manje ikhuliswa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa. Konke lokhu kubhekwe ngeso lokhozi, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa ukunwetshwa kwe amaphrojekthi wezokuvakasha okungenani esiqhingini esisodwa esiqhingini seziqhingi.
Ukushoda kwezingane ezibonwa endle kusikisela impumelelo elinganiselwe yokuzala ezindaweni eziningana. Ngokubambisana ne-Nature Seychelles, ukufakwa kwamaqanda avundisiwe kuhlongozwa njengethuluzi lesikhashana lokuthuthukisa izinombolo ezimweni ezibucayi.
Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abanjengoNicola Hemmings (University of Sheffield) bayagcizelela ukuthi ukufukamela okwenziwayo akuyona into isisombululo sesikhathi eside: Inselele iwukubona ukuthi yiziphi izinto eziguquguqukayo esidlekeni semvelo—izinga lokushisa, umswakama, i-substrate—okwehlisa ukuphila nokuthi zingathuthukiswa kanjani endaweni.
I-Galapagos: amashumi eminyaka yokululama nokusebenzisa isayensi
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba, ukubuyiselwa kwe- inqwaba yezimfudu E-Galapagos, ilandela indlela eyathatha amashumi eminyaka, eholwa yi-Galapagos National Park Directorate ngokusekelwa abalingani abakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe ukuzalanisa okuthunjiwe, ukubuyiswa kanye nokubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala iye yavumela abantu ukuba balulame eziqhingini eziningana. Ngokuhambisanayo, ukuthuthuka kwesayensi nofuzo kuvula amathuba okuthi izinhlu zokuhlenga ababecabanga ukuthi balahlekile.
I-Charles Darwin Research Station ePuerto Ayora idlala indima ebalulekile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni. izikhungo zokuzalanisa, lapho amaqanda efukanyelwa khona, izingane ziyakhuliswa futhi, ngemva kokufinyelela osayizi abaphephile, zidedelwa ezindaweni zazo zomdabu.
Ifa labadumile Lonesome George —owokugcina emugqeni wayo—uyaqhubeka nokusikhumbuza ngokubaluleka kokuthatha isinyathelo kusenesikhathi. Isikhungo sigcina umsebenzi wezemfundo nowesayensi osekela izinqumo zokuphatha ezisekelwe ebufakazini.
Amaqembu aseSeychelles asezwakalise inhloso yawo yabelana ngemiphumela nomphakathi wesayensi we-Galapagos, okuwukuphela kwendawo lapho izinhlobo ezifanayo zisinda khona, ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezivumelwano nokuqinisa ukulondolozwa komhlaba wonke kwalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo eziyizifanekiselo.
Izinselele ezisheshayo nezinyathelo ezilandelayo
Inhloso enkulu elandelayo ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izici zesidleke semvelo ezinqumayo ukusinda kwe-embryonic kanye nokuchanyuselwa: ama-threshold ashisayo, umswakama, ukucinana kwenhlabathi, ukuma kwamaqanda noma ukudlelwa, phakathi kokunye, kanye nendlela yokukulawula ensimini ngaphandle kwemithelela yesibambiso.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imiphumela ye izinguquko zemvelo, ukucindezelwa kwabantu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha eziqhingini ezibucayi, ukuze zingaphazamisi inqubekelaphambili efinyelelwe emashumini eminyaka omsebenzi nokufunda okuguquguqukayo.
Ukuxhumana phakathi kokulandelela isikhathi eside, ukuhlaziywa kofuzo kanye nokubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala, kanye nokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kwe-incubation eyisizwayo njengendlela yokuphepha, kuhlanganisa isu elibanzi eliklanyelwe ukuhlanganisa abantu abazimele.
Ngezimpumelelo ezifana 13 Imidlwane ye-Aldabra Futhi ulwazi oluqoqwe e-Galapagos, ukusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, nokwabelana ngedatha kuvela njengezici ezibalulekile zokuqinisa ukukhiqizwa kwemvelo kanye nokuqinisekisa ikusasa lezimfudu ezinkulu.
