Isinqumo sakamuva se INkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala yasePunta Arenas Inkantolo ithathe isinyathelo esibalulekile ecaleni elaziwayo elibhekene nenkampani yokulima i-salmon i-Nova Austral, iguqula amacala okungcoliswa kwamanzi abhekene nabanye babaphathi bayo abaphambili. Lesi sinqumo sivula kabusha impikiswano ngokuthi ubugebengu bezemvelo obuhlobene nokufuywa kwezinhlanzi busetshenziswa kanjani nokuthi kudingeka ubufakazi bomonakalo owenziwe ngokhonkolo endaweni yasolwandle ngezinga elingakanani.
Abahluleli beKhamu Lokuqala baphetha ngokuthi, yize kwakukhona imikhuba yebhizinisi engabazekayo —njengokugcwala ngokweqile kwe-salmon ukuze kwandiswe umkhiqizo—, isinqumo sokuqala asizange sibonise ngokwanele ukulimala kwangempela kwezinsiza zasemanzini okudingwa ngumthetho okhethekile wobugebengu. Lokhu kuntuleka kobufakazi ekugcineni kwaphakamisa izinga lokukhula kwabaphathi bangaphambili.
Isibonelo esifanekisela imboni ye-salmon eMagallanes
Izinqubo zomthetho zivela ezenzakalweni ezenzeke phakathi Unyaka ka-2017 no-2019 ezindaweni zokulima ePorvenir communeEsifundeni saseMagallanes, iHhovisi Lomshushisi Womphakathi kanye noMkhandlu Wezokuvikela Kahulumeni basola izikhulu eziphezulu zaseNova Austral ngokwephula imibandela yezemvelo egunyaziwe ngokufuya izinhlanzi eziningi kunalokho okuvunyelwe esinqumweni sokufaneleka kwezemvelo.
Ngokusho kwe-akhawunti eyamukelwa njengefakazelwe yiNkantolo Yobugebengu Yomlomo yasePunta Arenas ngaleso sikhathi, owayengumphathi jikelele ngaleso sikhathi, UNicos Nicolaides Busseniuskanye nomphathi wesifunda, UDrago Covacich McKayBathatha isu lokukhiqiza elihlose ukufeza njalo inani eliphezulu kakhulu le-biomass. Ngenxa yalokhu, bayale ukuba kungeniswe inani eliphakeme le-salmon kunalelo elivunyelwe, benethemba lokuthi, naphezu kokufa okukhona emjikelezweni wokukhiqiza, bazofinyelela umkhawulo ophezulu ovunyelwe.
Lokhu kutshala ngokweqile bekuzobangela ukwanda okukhulu kwemfucuza yemvelo ezindaweni zokulima: indle yezinhlanzi nokudla okungadliwangaZombili zanqwabelana phansi kolwandle. Abashushisi bathi lokhu kwanda kwemfucuza kushintshe izimo zemvelo zezindawo lapho inkampani yayisebenza khona futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kwathinta impilo yezinhlanzi ezinamaphiko.
Esigabeni sokuqala, inkantolo yachaza lokhu kuziphatha njengokwenza icala lokungenisa ukungcola emanzini, njengoba kuchazwe ku-Article 136 yoMthetho Jikelele Wezokudoba Nezolimo Zasemanzini. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, yagweba uNicolaides noCovacich njengabaphehli becala lokungcoliswa kwamanzi, kanye nabaphathi bendawo ababili. U-Isaac Aaron Ollivet-Besson y Rigoberto Antonio Garrido Arriagada, njengezesekeli, uma ubheka ukuthi zibe negalelo ekufihleni imiphumela yokukhiqiza ngokweqile.
Isikhalazo sokuchithwa kwecala kanye nokubuyekezwa kwesinqumo
Bephendula kulesi sigwebo, abameli bokuvikela abaphathi bangaphambili bafaka isicelo sokudlulisa icala. isikhalazo sokukhanselwa kwecala phambi kweNkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala yasePunta Arenas. Baphikisana ngokuthi, ngokuhlela lezi zenzakalo njengobugebengu bokungcoliswa kwamanzi, inkantolo yomlomo yayisebenzise umthetho ngendlela engafanele, njengoba isici esiyisisekelo sohlobo lobugebengu sasingafakazelwanga: umonakalo ezinsizeni zamanzi noma ingozi eqinile endaweni yasemanzini.
Ikamelo Lokuqala lenkantolo yokudlulisa amacala - lakhiwe ngongqongqoshe UMarcos Kusanovic Antinopai y URoxana Salgado Salamé, kanye nelungu lommeli USintia Orellana Yévenes– wafunda icala futhi, esinqumweni esivunyelwene ngaso sonke, waphetha ngokuthi isigwebo esidlulisiwe sasihilela ukusetshenziswa komthetho okuyiphutha. Inkinga yayingekho kakhulu ekuhlolweni kobufakazi, kodwa endleleni amaqiniso afakazelwe ahunyushwa ngayo ngokomthetho.
INkantolo ikwenze kwacaca ukuthi iSigaba 136 se- Umthetho Ojwayelekile Wezokudoba Nokufuya Izinhlanzi Kudinga okungaphezu kokuba khona nje kwezinto ezingcolisayo. Ukuze kube khona ubugebengu, kuyadingeka ukukhombisa ukuthi kukhona umonakalo wangempela noma ingozi eqondile ezinsizeni zamanzi, okungukuthi, ezimpilweni zasolwandle ezithintwe umsebenzi wokulima.
Lapho bebuyekeza isinqumo sangaphambilini, abahluleli baphawula ukuthi sichaza nje ukugcwala ngokweqile kwe-salmon kanye nokwanda kwemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo, kodwa asizange sichaze noma siqinisekise ukuthi hlobo luni lomonakalo wangempela wemvelo olubangelwe yilesi senzo. Ngamazwi esinqumo ngokwaso, isici esibalulekile somthetho sohlobo lobugebengu sasingekho, okwenza izinto ezidingekayo zokugwetshwa ngokungcoliswa kwamanzi zingaphelele.
Ukuntuleka kobufakazi bomonakalo wemvelo kanye nokujwayelekile okungaphelele
Isinqumo sokufaka esikhundleni esikhishwe yiNkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala sichaza kabanzi ngalo mbono: inkantolo yomlomo yasungula amaqiniso futhi yahlola ubufakazi mayelana nokusebenza kweNova Austral, kodwa kusukela kuleyo mininingwane yangemuva. Kwakungekho monakalo obonakalayo noma ingozi ebonakalayo ngezinsizakusebenza zamanzi njengoba kudingeka ngohlobo oluthile lobugebengu.
Isinqumo sithi umusho odlule umane nje uqinisekisa ukwethulwa kokungcola -imfucuza evela ekudleni nasendle-, ngaphandle kokuchaza umthelela oqondile lesi simo esaba nawo endaweni yasolwandle. Ngokwezobuchwepheshe, lokho umthetho ongakubheki njengobugebengu ngabe kwahlukaniswa kanjalo, ngenxa nje yokungabikho kwesinye sezimfuneko ezichazwe ngumthethonqubo.
Kulesi simo, iNkantolo icabange ukuthi yayibhekene nesinye sezimo ezabikezelwa ku- Isigaba 385 seKhodi Yenqubo Yobugebenguokucabanga ngokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuguqula isigwebo lapho isenzo sibhekwa njengobugebengu, ngokomthetho, obungahlangabezani nazo zonke izici zecala. Lokhu kwakungeyona nje indaba yobufakazi, kodwa kwakuwukuchaza kabi ububanzi becala lobugebengu bezemvelo.
Inkantolo yokudlulisa amacala iphinde yagcizelela ukuthi isidingo somonakalo wemvelo asinakucatshangwa, kodwa kumele siboniswe ngobufakazi obuphathekayo. Kulokhu, yize kwakukhona umlando wemikhuba efana ne- ukutshala okungaphezu kwenani eligunyaziwe Futhi ukusetshenziswa kwesihlabathi ukumboza phansi kolwandle ngaphansi kwamamojula okulima - okwakuzoshintsha izimo ze-oxygen kanye ne-sedimentation - akuzange kuholele ekuhlolweni okuningiliziwe komthelela othize ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingaphansi komhlaba noma ezinsizeni zamanzi.
Njengoba lelo phuzu lingazange lifakazelwe ngokufanele, iNkantolo yaphetha ngokuthi icala lobugebengu lokungcoliswa kwamanzi alikaqinisekiswa ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke, yanquma ukusula ingxenye yesigwebo kuphela maqondana nalolu bugebengu, kusale ezinye izinqumo ezathathwa ekuqaleni maqondana namanye amacala ahlukene.
Ukukhululwa kwabaphathi bangaphambili kanye nemiphumela kwabanye abamangalelwa
Ngenxa yalokhu kubuyekezwa, iNkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala yanquma ukwamukela isikhalazo sokukhanselwa kwecala Isikhalazo safakwa ngabameli bokuvikela bakaNicos Nicolaides Bussenius noDrago Covacich McKay, kodwa kuphela maqondana necala lokungcoliswa kwamanzi elilawulwa yi-Article 136 yoMthetho Wezokudoba. Ngenxa yalokho, inkantolo yaguqula amacala ababewatholile ngalelo cala.
Isinqumo sasisho ukuthi ukukhululwa kukaNicolaides noCovacich njengabaphehli balobu bugebengu, ngakho-ke abasabhekene nezigwebo zasejele ngokungenisa ukungcola emanzini. INkantolo igcizelele ukuthi lokhu kuhoxiswa kwecala kuyingxenye futhi kukhawulelwe kuphela ecaleni lobugebengu bezemvelo, ngaphandle kokudlulela ngokuzenzakalelayo kuzo zonke izici ezibhekiswe esinqumweni sokuqala.
Kodwa-ke, isinqumo sasino- umphumela omkhulu kubamangalelwa ababili owayelahlwe yicala lokuba yingxenye yobugebengu obufanayo bokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Nakuba u-Isaac Aaron Ollivet-Besson noRigoberto Antonio Garrido Arriagada bengazange badlulisele isigwebo sokuqala, iNkantolo yacabanga ukuthi, ngenxa yesigaba 360 seKhodi Yenqubo Yobugebengu, bangazuza emiphumeleni emihle yesinqumo sokuchithwa kwecala lesibili.
Ngakho-ke, ngokunyamalala kwesisekelo esisemthethweni esasiqinisekisa isigwebo esiyinhloko sokungcoliswa kwamanzi, imisho ewusizo yokufihlaNjengoba womabili amacala ewela ngaphansi kwesigaba esifanayo sobugebengu, abaphathi abane basulwa icala lobugebengu ngalobu bugebengu obuthile bezemvelo obuhlobene nokutshala ngokweqile kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi.
Kodwa-ke, iNkantolo yaqikelela ukuthi kucace ukuthi Akuzona zonke izigwebo ezichithweIkakhulukazi, endabeni kaDrago Covacich, icala elihlobene nokulethwa kwezitatimende ezingamanga, elifakwe ku-athikili 212 ye-Penal Code ngamanga emibono, lagcinwa, njengoba lihambisana namaqiniso ahlukene futhi azimele avela kulawo ahlaziywe ngaphansi koMthetho Jikelele Wokudoba Nokufuya Izinhlanzi.
Imiphumela yezomthetho kanye nengxoxo ngendinganiso yobufakazi bemvelo
Ngaphandle komthelela oqondile kulabo abathintekayo, isinqumo seNkantolo yasePunta Arenas sinombono ocacile wezomthetho nowezepolitiki emkhakheni we- umthetho wobugebengu bezemveloNgokudinga ubufakazi obuqondile bomonakalo noma ingozi ebonakalayo ukuze kutholakale ubugebengu bokungcoliswa kwamanzi, inkantolo ibeka umkhawulo ophezulu wobufakazi emacaleni afanayo esikhathi esizayo.
Ngokwendlela engokoqobo, lokhu kusho ukuthi ngeke kwanele ukufakazela ukuthi kukhona imikhuba engaba yingozi—njengobuningi bamasheya ngaphezu kwezinga eligunyaziwe noma ukuba khona kwemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo phansi kolwandle—kodwa kunalokho kuzodingeka bhala phansi ngokuphelele ukuthi lezi zenzo zihumusha kanjani ekuwohlokeni okuthile kwezindawo zemvelo zasemanzini.
Lokhu kuhumusha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuqinisa iziqinisekiso zobugebengu yabamangalelwa, ngokuvimbela ukugwetshwa okusekelwe kuphela ezingozini ezingacacile noma izincazelo ezijwayelekile zokungcola. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuletha izinselele kuziphathimandla eziphethe ukuqapha nokushushisa ubugebengu, okuzodingeka zitshale imali ekuhlaziyweni kobuchwepheshe okuningiliziwe ukuze kuboniswe ngokucacile ukuxhumana phakathi kokuziphatha kwezinkampani kanye nomonakalo othile wemvelo.
Endabeni yeNova Austral, isinqumo sokuqala sasigcizelele ukuthi inkampani yaze yafinyelela ezingeni lokuthi mboza phansi kolwandle ngamathani esihlabathi ngaphansi kwamamojula okulima, okushintsha ukugcwaliswa kwe-oxygen phansi kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe- izilwane ezinkulu zaseBenthicKodwa-ke, inkantolo yokudlulisa amacala yanquma ukuthi le datha ayizange inikezwe ngokwanele njengobufakazi bomonakalo othile wemvelo, kodwa kunalokho njengencazelo yomsebenzi kanye nemiphumela engaba khona.
Le nkinga ayincane kakhulu lapho imboni yezinhlanzi, kokubili eChile nakwamanye amazwe anezindawo ezifuywayo zasemanzini ezijulile, ibhekene ne- ukwanda kokuhlolwa komphakathi ngenxa yomthelela wayo ezindaweni zemvelo zasolwandle. Izinqumo zenkantolo ezinjengalesi zingabeka indinganiso yohlobo lobufakazi obuzodingeka esikhathini esizayo ukuze kushushiswe ukuziphatha okungcolisayo ngobugebengu, kokubili eLatin America kanye nasendaweni yokulawula yaseYurophu, lapho lezi zibonelo endaweni yokuvikela amanzi kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo ziqashwe ngokucophelela.
Ngamafuphi, isinqumo seNkantolo yasePunta Arenas asiphiki ukuthi umsebenzi weNova Austral udale imiphumela emvelweni, kodwa kunalokho sigcizelela ukuthi, ukuze kusebenze impendulo yobugebengu ngendlela yayo embi kakhulu, Izinsolo noma ukuhlolwa okuvamile akwaneleKudingeka ukuqinisekiswa okuqinile komonakalo umthetho owuchaza njengobugebengu. Lo mbono wobuchwepheshe, nakuba ungase ubonakale ucashile, ube nomthelela omkhulu ekukhululweni kwabaphathi bangaphambili kuleli cala.
Ngalesi sinqumo, icala elidumile elibhekene nabaphathi bangaphambili baseNova Austral ngokungcoliswa kwamanzi lingena esigabeni esisha, liqinisa umqondo wokuthi icala lobugebengu ezindabeni zemvelo lidinga ubufakazi obuqinile bemiphumela eqondile ezinsizeni zamanzi, kanti ezinye izigwebo zokuziphatha okuhlukile, njengalezo ezihlobene nokungcola kwamanzi. amanga ezitatimendeni phambi kweziphathimandla.