Namuhla sizohlangana nenhlanzi enkulu kakhulu futhi eqinile ephila ngokuvumelana negama layo. Imayelana ne- Inhlanzi yehlosi. Igama layo lesayensi ngu IHydrocynus vittatus futhi ungowomndeni wakwa-Alestiidae. Kuyaziwa nangegama lezinhlanzi zikaGoliathi, njengoba kukhumbuza isibalo sikaGoliyati, ngobukhulu obukhulu nokubukeka okuqinile. Yizinhlanzi ezinamandla nezesabekayo kunazo zonke e-Afrika. Abantu abaningi bamfanisa nesilo, ngoba ukubukeka kwakhe nobukhulu bakhe akujwayelekile.
Zinike isikhathi esimisweni sakho esimatasa sokufunda lesi sihloko, ngoba ngiyakuqinisekisa ukuthi sizokufanela. Zitholele zonke izimfihlo yezinhlanzi zengwe nendlela yayo yokuphila.
Izici eziyinhloko
Le nhlanzi inolaka futhi inobuchule. Hlala uqaphile futhi iqaphele ukuhlasela inyamazane yayo. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo nokubukeka okunonya, le nhlanzi ihlonishwa yibo bonke abayibonayo. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu bebecabanga ukuthi le nhlanzi ihlobene noGoliyati wangempela, futhi izindaba ezingenakubalwa ziye zatshelwa ngayo.
Akukho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane, njengoba bobabili bebukeka besabisa. Ku H. vitatus i-dimorphism yocansi ibuthakathaka: Abesilisa bangafinyelela ku-105 cm ngobude obuphelele futhi abesifazane mayelana 70 cm, nakuba emvelweni ubukhulu obujwayelekile buncane. Ngokuqondene nesisindo, kulezi zinhlobo zezinhlobo ze 5 kuya ku-15 kg, enezibonelo ezinkulu ezinhlelweni ezithile zemifula.
Amarekhodi ezinhlobo ezahlukene zohlobo avame ukudideka. Uma ukhuluma ngezinhlanzi ezinkulu eziseduze noma ezidlulayo 50 kg kanye nobude be 1,5 m, ngokuvamile ibhekisela ku I-Hydrocynus goliath, isihlobo esiseduze futhi ononya nakakhulu. Lokhu kucacisa kusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani enye idatha ihluka phakathi kwemithombo.
Ngaphambi kokuba babe ngabantu abadala, bayizinhlanzi kancane uma kuqhathaniswa Nakuba inokubukeka okuyingozi. Mhlawumbe lesi sici yiso esisivumele ukuba siphile kahle kukho konke ukuziphendukela kwayo. Umlomo wayo omkhulu onamazinyo abukhali isula noma yikuphi ukungabaza kwabangase babe izimbangi: okunye de peces Lumuthi heqe uvalo uma embona.
Kwenzeka okufanayo ekuphileni kwangempela. Mhlawumbe othile ubukeka eyingozi, kodwa abe eseba muhle kakhulu futhi enobungane. Akukho nkohliso ku-tiger fish: imihlathi yayo enamandla Basekela isithunzi sabo. Abantu abakhulu ngempela baye bachazwa eqenjini le-tigerfish (ikakhulukazi eCongo), nakuba njengoba kuchaziwe, lezi zimo ezeqisayo zihambisana noGoliyathi.
Yinhlanzi yasemanzini angenasawoti zizalelwa ezindaweni eziningi zase-Afrika ngobukhona obuqinisekisiwe e-Congo, e-Lualaba, e-Zambezi, e-Okavango, eLimpopo, e-Rovuma, e-Shire, e-Wami, e-Niger/Bénoué, e-Ouémé, e-Senegal, e-Nile nase-Omo imifula, kanye nasemachibini afana ne-Bangweulu, Mweru, Upemba, Tanganyika, Rukwa, Malagarazi kanye namachibi afana ne-Kariba noma i-Schoda. Bangabo ezesabekayo kakhulu izinhlanzi ezidla ezinye etholakala emifuleni yase-Afrika.
Incazelo eningiliziwe
Nakuba le nhlanzi ibonakala iyingozi kakhulu, ukuhlaselwa kwabantu kuyivelakancane futhi ngokuvamile zihlotshaniswa nezimo eziqondile kakhulu (ukudideka, ukuphithizela kokudla noma ukuchaphazeka okukhulu). Ifana ne-piranha ngenxa yayo imihlathi ethuthukile nomzimba onemisipha. Emlonyeni inawo Amazinyo angama-32 acijile kakhulu, kuze kufike ku-2-3 cm ubude kuma-specimens amakhulu; zilingana njengemimese futhi zivumela ukusikeka okuhlanzekile.
Ukuthola inyamazane, isebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinzwa ezinhle kakhulu. Sibonga u umugqa wayo oseceleni othuthuke kakhulu ithola ukudlidliza kwe-low-frequency emanzini; ukubhukuda isinye Isebenza njenge-acoustic resonator futhi yayo umbono muhle kakhulu, ngakho iyakwazi ukubona ukunyakaza nokubaneka ikude. Uma isiyitholile inyamazane yayo, iyahamba iye kuyo ukuthunjwa okumangazayo ukusuka endaweni ephakeme.
Ngokuqondene nobukhulu, ku H. vitatus Okuvame kakhulu ukuthola ubude kusuka ku-50 kuye ku-80 cm kanye nezisindo ezinedijithi eyodwa, nakuba ezinye izibonelo zeqa imitha elilodwa no-10-15 kg ezinhlelweni ezigcinwe kahle. Amarekhodi aseduze ne- 2 m futhi amashumi kilos ahlotshaniswa H. goliyathiUmzimba uqinile futhi une-fusiform, umbala wesiliva onomhlane oluhlaza noma womnqumo, kuhle amabhande avundlile namafins awolintshi noma abomvu anomphetho omnyama, agqamisa i i-caudal fin enemfologo.
Ukuziphatha nendawo yokuhlala kwenhlanzi yehlosi
Izinhlanzi zikaGoliath ziyashesha kakhulu uma kuziwa ekubambeni inyamazane. Imvamisa inayo ukuziphatha okunolaka kanye nombono othuthukisiwe. Nakuba ukubukeka kwakhe kungase kube umngane omubi kuye ukuba anganakwa, uyakwazi ukunyakaza ngokuqapha, enze okuthile. ukunyakaza okuhlakaniphile ukubhukuda eduze kwenyamazane ngaphandle kokubonwa. Kanjalo, lapho ligadla inyamazane, idabula ngomzuzwana. Kubonakale ukucekela phansi a izinhlanzi ze-catfish ngobukhulu obukhulu kalula.
Njengoba ihlale itholakala emanzini ahamba ngokushesha, iqeqeshiwe futhi ingabhukuda ngokushesha okukhulu. Kuthatha ithuba lobuthakathaka bezinye izinhlanzi ukuze amanzi. amandla emisinga ukusuka emfuleni ukubathumba ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu. Akukho okuningi okwaziwayo mayelana neminyaka yokuphila kwazo endle. Ekuthunjweni kungafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10-15 ngokunakekelwa okufanele.
Indawo yayo ichazwa ngokuthi amanzi afudumele, anomoya-mpilo omuhle, endaweni eshisayo, enamazinga okushisa avame ukuhluka phakathi 22 kanye no-28 °CEmifuleni eminingi enezinxushunxushu isebenza njengesilwane esizingelayo esiphakathi namanzi. Iyethula ukunyakaza kwansuku zonke: Emini ivama ukwendlaleka phakathi nendawo noma eduze nendawo futhi ebusuku ingangena ijule.
Ekuziphatheni komphakathi, Intsha yakha izikole ezinobukhulu obufanayo obungadlula abantu abambalwa (kuze kufike ku-50 kubonwe), ngezinzuzo zombili zokuzingela nokugwema ukudlelwa. Izibonelo ezinkulu ikakhulukazi eyedwa futhi bahlala ezindaweni zokuzingela ngokumelene nesimanje, besebenzisa ama-eddies kanye nembuyiselo yokugeleza.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe- H. vitatus Isabalele e-Afrika: i-Congo, i-Zambezi, i-Okavango, izigodi zaseLimpopo kanye nezinhlelo eziningi ezihambisanayo enkabeni, eningizimu nasempumalanga ye-Afrika. Ngaphezu kwemifula emikhulu, ikoloni amachibi namadamu, lapho ungenza khona ukufuduka kwe-trophic noma ukuzala ngaphezu kwamashumi amakhilomitha lapho amazinga amanzi eshintsha.
Ukondla nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwezinhlanzi ze-tiger
Le nhlanzi iyaphakela de peces yabo bonke osayizi nemibala. Idla inyama ngokuphelele futhi, kusukela esemncane, idla ama-crustaceans, izinambuzane nama-plankton. Njengoba ikhula, iba ngokuphawulekayo piscivorous futhi izingela cichlids, gobies, carp kanye catfish, phakathi kwabanye. Kungase futhi kuzuze amathuba okuphanga uma inyamazane ifa kamuva nje.
Isici esimangalisayo esibhalwe ngenani labantu H. vitatus yikhono lakho loku ukuzingela izinyoni ngokundiza ezindiza phezu kwechibi. Echibini laseNingizimu Afrika, babonwa begxuma beyobamba izinkonjane ngesilinganiso sempumelelo esilinganiselwa ku-25%, okuyinto engavamile phakathi kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile. Lokhu kuziphatha kuhlanganisa ukuphishekela kusukela ekujuleni nokuhlasela okuvela phezulu, ukulungisa i-engeli nge- i-refraction ekhanyayo.
Iyakwazi ukujwayela izinguquko endaweni yayo yemvelo. Ngokuvamile, amazinga amanzi emifuleni emikhulu Afrika azinzile: ukuvuka nokuwa ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Ngezikhathi zamazinga aphansi amanzi, ziye zabhalwa iziqephu zobuzimu ngenxa yokuswelakala kokudla. Izigameko ezibandakanya abantu ziye zabikwa kwezinye izifunda; lapho zenzeka, ngokuvamile zihambisana ukudla ama-frenzies noma iketuke emabhange ngezinhlanzi eziningi.
Ngokuphathelene nokuzala kwayo, inkathi yokuzala ihambisana ne inkathi yemvula nezikhukhula. Basebenzisa la manzi angaphezulu ukuze bazalele kuwo izindawo ezigcwele izikhukhula namabhange anezimila ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Ukuzala kuphezulu: Angakwazi ukweqa kalula amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa nge-clutch ngayinye; kwabesifazane abakhulu kuye kwalinganiselwa amakhulu ezinkulungwane, ngenkathi ngamaqoqo amancane imikhawulo idlula kalula Amaqanda e-800. Abesilisa bayafika ukukhula ngokocansi phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 nengu-3. Izibungu kanye ne-fry ziphephela phakathi kwezitshalo kuze kube yilapho izinga lamanzi lehla, bese zithuthela emiseleni emikhulu. Akubona bonke abachanyuselwa abafinyelela ebudaleni, njengoba kunjalo inyamazane elula kwezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye.
Ukubaluleka kwemvelo nesimo sokongiwa
Njengesilwane esizingelayo esiphezulu sezinhlelo zemifula, i-tigerfish igcwalisa a umsebenzi wokulawula kubantu de peces ifolishi kanye ne-catfish enkulu, esiza ukugcina izilinganiso ze-trophic. Kubuye kube umthombo we amaprotheni kanye nemali engenayo emiphakathini yendawo kanye nenhloso eyisakhiwo sodumo ye ukudoba kwezemidlalo, yingakho imisebenzi eminingi ikhuthaza ukubamba nokukhululwa okufanele.
Ngokusho kokuhlolwa kwesifunda, IHydrocynus vittatus kuthathwa ngokuthi ukukhathazeka okuncane ngezinga elibanzi ngenxa yokusabalalisa kwawo kabanzi. Nokho, zitholakele izizukulwane zendawo okuhlobene nokunukubezeka, ukukhishwa kwamanzi, amadamu namadikhi eziphazamisa ukufuduka, kanye nezimpahla zokudoba ezingalawulwa (isb., ama-gillnets). Abanye abantu bavikelekile izindawo ezivikelwe kanye nemithethonqubo yosayizi kanye nesabelo. Ukuthuthukisa izinga lamanzi, ukuxhunywa kwemifula, nokugadwa kwezindawo zokudoba kuyisihluthulelo sokusimama kwawo.
Umehluko phakathi kwe- IHydrocynus vittatus y I-Hydrocynus goliath
- Usayizi nesisindo: H. vitatus Ivamise ukuhluka phakathi kuka-50-105 cm futhi kufika ku-15 kg kuma-specimens amakhulu; H. goliyathi kufinyelela 1,5 m y ngaphezu kwe-50 kg kumarekhodi abhalwe kahle.
- Ukusatshalaliswa: H. vitatus Isatshalaliswa kabanzi kulo lonke elaseNingizimu, enkabeni nasempumalanga ye-Afrika (Zambezi, Okavango, Limpopo, Congo, phakathi kwabanye); H. goliyathi Igxile kakhulu ku- I-Congo Basin kanye neLake Tanganyika.
- Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo: zombili izinhlobo ezikhona 32 amazinyo eqinile futhi ebukhali; phakathi H. goliyathi zinkulu ngokulinganayo (kufika ku-~3 cm ziyabonakala).
- Ukuziphatha: izingane ezisesikoleni kanye nabantu abadala abakhulu abangabodwa kukho kokubili; ugoliyathi ugqamile ngenxa yakhe amandla amakhulu nedumela kubadobi.
Ingabe ingagcinwa ku-aquarium?
Ngenxa yebhayoloji nokuziphatha kwabo, Akulona uhlobo olunconyiwe ekhaya aquariophily. Kudingeka amavolumu amakhulu kakhulu, okungenani ama-2.400 amalitha ezindaweni ezikhethekile, umoya-mpilo ophezulu, amandla amanje, ukuhlunga okuhle kakhulu nezivalo eziphephile ngenxa yokuthambekela kwazo ukugxuma. Ikona nolaka futhi ayihlali nezinhlanzi ezincane (okuhlanganisa ne-conspecifics), ezingagcina ziyizilwane. Ibekezelela ububanzi be-pH (okungaba ngu-6,0–8,0) nobulukhuni obuhlukahlukene, namazinga okushisa afudumele ngaphakathi kwebanga elishiwo. Ngezizathu zezenhlalakahle nezokuphepha kwezilwane, ochwepheshe kuphela abanezinsiza ezanele okufanele bakucabangele; ukugcina izinhlobo ezinkulu njenge Oscar fish kudinga ukunakekelwa okufanayo, futhi umthetho wendawo ngokutholakala kanye nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe.
Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lukusiza ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne-tigerfish. Le alestiid esabekayo ihlanganisa isivinini, izinzwa ezibukhali, namazinyo okuhlinzwa ukuze ichume emifuleni enyakazayo; ukuqonda imvelo yayo, umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezisondelene kakhulu nokubaluleka kwazo emiphakathini kuyisihluthulelo sokwazisa nokulondoloza ngokunesibopho.
