I-Scorpionfish ingelinye lamaqembu athakazelisa kakhulu futhi asatshwayo emhlabeni wasemanzini. Lezi zidalwa zibonisa isimanga ukuziphendukela kwemvelo Lokhu kuye kwabavumela ukuba bachume ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zasolwandle futhi, kwezinye izimo, ezindaweni ezinamanzi ahlanzekile. Naphezu kokubukeka kwazo okumangalisayo nokuzivikela okunobuthi okunedumela elibi, indima yazo ezimisweni zemvelo ibalulekile, kokubili ekusebenzeni kwazo okulimazayo nokubaluleka kwazo ohlelweni lokudla. Njengoba inokwakheka komzimba okuyingqayizivele, ukuziphatha okukhangayo, nekhono elikhulu lokufihla, le nhlanzi isiphenduke into efundwayo futhi ethakaselwayo, kodwa futhi yokuqapha phakathi kwababhukudi, abatshuzi, nabadobi.
Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nendawo yokuhlala ye-scorpionfish
I-scorpion fish iyisilwane esihlala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, esikwazi ukutholakala kuyo izilwandle ezihlukahlukene nezilwandle zomhlaba. Ibusa kakhulu phakathi amanzi ashisayo napholile, ukuba khona okubalulekile ikakhulukazi ku I-Indo-Pacific, ugu lwase-Australia, iFiji, izilwandle ezifana ne-Red and Yellow nasezindaweni ze- I-Northeast Atlantic futhi i Ulwandle iMedithera. Ayigcini nje endaweni ethile, njengoba ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane sezize zaba amakoloni imifula namachibi amanzi ahlanzekile.
Ngokuvamile bakhetha i izingezansi ezinamatshe, eziyisihlabathi noma ezinodaka lapho bekwazi ukuzifihla khona kalula. Izinhlobo eziningi zihlala ezindaweni ezisogwini engajulile, nakuba ezinye zingatholakala ekujuleni kokufika Amamitha angu-2.200. Bagcwele phakathi Izixhobo zamakhorali, imigede, imifantu kanye nezindawo lapho amanzi aphansi enza amachibi amancaneLokhu kuziphatha kwe-benthic kuzivumela ukuthi zinganakwa izilwane ezidla ezinye futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zimangaze inyamazane yazo.
Nakuba izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ziphila zodwa, ngesikhathi sokuzala zingatholakala ngamaqembu noma ngambili. Emini zivame ukuhlala enganyakazi noma engcwatshwe kancane ku-substrate, futhi umsebenzi wayo omkhulu kakhulu wenziwa ngesikhathi ebusuku, lapho bephuma beyozingela.
Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nezinhlobo ezifanele kakhulu
Igama elithi "scorpionfish" lihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi ezihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi imindeni emibili: I-Scorpaenidae (izinhlanzi ze-scorpion noma ama-rocotes, njenge Scorpaena notata, I-Scorpaena plumieri kanye ne-lionfish, I-Pterois) futhi I-Trachinidae (njenge I-Trachinus draco, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-spiderfish noma i-pout). Zombili lezi zigaba zinemigogodla enobuthi, kodwa kunomehluko omkhulu we-morphological.
- I-Scorpaenidae: Umzimba ocindezelwe, ikhanda elinamagquma nemigogodla. Imigogodla enobuthi ku-dorsal, anal, ne-pelvic fins. Zigqama ngemibala yazo egqamile kanye nokuzifihla.
- I-Trachinidae: Umzimba omude, ocindezelwe eceleni, onekhanda elikhulu namehlo omhlane. Ama-spines anobuthi ku-dorsal fin yokuqala kanye ne-operculum. Umkhuba wokungcwatshwa kancane emanzini angashoni.
Ezinye zezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu yilezi:
- I-Lionfish (I-Pterois): Yaziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zasolwandle zasolwandle, edume ngama-ray ayo amade amaphiko kanye nemibala egqamile enemigqa.
- I-spotted scorpion (I-Scorpaena plumieri): Okujwayelekile ogwini lwase-Atlantic naseMelika.
- I-spiderfish (I-Trachinus draco): Ikhona enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Atlantic kanye ne-Mediterranean, ivamise ukubangela ukulunywa, ikakhulukazi kwabagezayo.
Izici ze-morphological ze-scorpionfish
I-physiognomy ye-scorpion fish ingumphumela wenqubo ende yokuziphendukela kwemvelo eye yanikeza ilungelo sifihle, ukuzivikela kanye nokuzingela ngempumelelo. Kwethulwa a umzimba omude futhi ocindezelwe eceleni, ezingahluka ngobude 15 kuya ku-50 cm, nakuba izibonelo eziningi ngokuvamile zikala phakathi 15 futhi 30cm.
La ikhanda likhulu ngokulingana nomzimba, efakwe umlomo omkhulu otshekile, oklanyelwe ukuzingela ngokumunca. Amehlo azo asendaweni engaphezulu, okuzivumela ukuthi ziqaphe indawo ezizungezile ngaphansi. Isikhumba sawo simbozwe ama-appendages, noma ama-cirri, ahlukanisa imizimba yawo futhi asenze sifihleke.
La imibala Umbala we-scorpion fish ushintshashintsha ngendlela engavamile, uvumelana nendawo ehlala kuyo. Amathoni agqamile ophuzi, onsundu, oluhlaza okotshani, obomvu noluhlaza ngokunsundu, evame ukuba namachashaza nemigqa elingisa amatshe, ulwelwe, noma amakhorali. Ezinhlotsheni ezifana ne-lionfish, amaphiko anemigqa emhlophe nensundu ekhanyayo kanye neqondile.
I-Las ameva anobuthi imele isici sayo esibaluleke kakhulu nesiyingozi. Lezi zitholakala ikakhulukazi e- i-dorsal fin yokuqala, i-anal kanye ne-pelvic fin, futhi naku i-operculum yegillUmgogodla u-canaliculate, futhi uma ucindezelwa silwane esizingelayo noma umuntu, ujova ubuthi esikhumbeni.
Ezinye izibonelo zingase zibe nemigqa eqinile ngokwanele bhoboza amabhuzu esikhumbaInhlanzi iphakamisa iqolo lapho izizwa isongelwa, uphawu lokuzivikela oluxwayisayo ngaphambi kokuhlasela.
Phakathi kwezinguquko zayo kukhona:
- Ukufihla okuthuthukile ngokushintsha kombala.
- Amaphiko e-pectoral athuthukile, asetshenziselwa ukugoqa inyamazane.
- Umlomo omkhulu, onesikhathi eside ukuze ubambe inyamazane ngokushesha.
- Ikhono lokuhlala amahora anganyakazi, lifana namadwala.
Ukuziphatha nokondla
I-scorpion fish igqamile ngenxa yayo imvelo edlayo kanye neyodwaNakuba ihlezi, ukuziphatha kwayo ikakhulukazi ebusuku, ihlala ifihlwe emini futhi iphuma iyozingela ebumnyameni. Ine-a umoya onamandla nowendawo; abesilisa ikakhulukazi bavikela indawo yabo, futhi bavame ukukhombisa ulaka kwezinye izinhlanzi ezinosayizi olinganayo noma omncane.
Ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini, kubalulekile ukuthi ungaxubi nezinhlanzi ezincane, izilwane ezingenamgogodla, noma izibonelo zezinhlobo zazo, ngaphandle uma zizikhudlwana noma kunendathane yokucasha.
Zidla ngokuyinhloko izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-crustaceans nama-molluscsAmasu abo okuzingela ahlanganisa:
- I-Camouflage: Bacasha phakathi kwamadwala, amakhorali noma angcwatshwe, asale ecishe engabonakali.
- Ukuzingela ngokumunca: Uma inyamazane idlula, ibamba ngokuyimunca ngokushesha ngomlomo wayo onwebekayo.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-pectoral fins: ukuya ekhoneni noma ukubamba inyamazane eminingana ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Endabeni ye-lionfish, ukuzingela kungaxhunyaniswa, kusetshenziswa amaphiko ayo ukumboza inyamazane yayo ngaphambi kokuyigwinya ngomnyakazo owodwa.
Ubuthi nobungozi kubantu
I-scorpion fish yaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngayo ubuthi obunamandla nendlela yokuzivikelaUbuthi buyahlukahluka ngokwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kodwa ngokuvamile buyingozi kubantu, ikakhulukazi uma ukulunywa kuthinta izingane, abantu abadala, noma abantu abangezwani nezinto ezithile.
Ubuthi yi-glycoprotein ne-vasoconstrictor ngokwemvelo, ene-neurotoxic kanye nesenzo se-hemolytic.. Ijovwa ngokuhlaba omunye umgogodla ngephutha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhamba ogwini lolwandle, ukudoba, noma ukutshuza, njengoba lezi zinhlanzi zihlala zinganyakazi futhi zingcwatshwe kancane phansi.
Izimpawu ze-scorpionfish sting zingabandakanya:
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu futhi obusheshayo (bungahlala emahoreni kuya ezinsukwini).
- Ukuvuvukala okukhulu kwengxenye ethintekile.
- I-edema engase idlulele kuwo wonke umlenze.
- Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukujuluka nomkhuhlane.
- Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, i-dyspnea, izinkinga zenhliziyo futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuhluleka kokuphefumula.
- Ingozi ye-necrosis uma ingelashwa kahle.
Kubalulekile ukukuqaphela lokho I-scorpionfish ayihlaseli ngaphandle kokuzivikelaLapho bebhekene nengozi, baphakamisa umsila wabo wokuqala ukuze baxwayise. Uma usongo luqhubeka, bangashaja ngokunemba besebenzisa imigogodla yabo.
Usizo lokuqala lokulunywa
Uma kwenzeka i-scorpionfish sting, kunconywa:
- Ungasikeki, ungafaki ama-tourniquets, noma uzame ukulangazelela ubuthi.
- Geza isilonda ngokucophelela futhi Gwilisa indawo ethintekile emanzini ashisayo (40-45ºC) okungenani imizuzu engama-60-90, njengoba ubuthi buyancibilika futhi buvalwa ukushisa.
- Uma uhluleka lokho, sebenzisa i-ammonia njengekhambi lasekhaya, nakuba amanzi ashisayo enziwa ngomshini esebenza kangcono.
- Thola usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ulawule izinhlungu, uvimbele ukutheleleka, nokwelashwa kwezinkinga.
Ukuluma okuningi de peces scorpion akhiqizwa ku amathe ezinyawo noma izandla, ngokuwanyathela noma ukuwathinta ngephutha. Izehlakalo zivame kakhulu kubadobi, abatshuzi, nababhukudi emanzini apholile nasendaweni eshisayo.
Ukukhiqiza kanye nomjikelezo wempilo
Ukuzala kwe-scorpionfish kuyehluka ngezinhlobo, kodwa iningi likhona oviparous. Ngesikhathi se- inkathi yokuzala (ngokuvamile izinyanga ezifudumele), izibonelo zakha amapheya kanye akhuphuke aze afike ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi, lapho bededela khona ama-gelatinous spheres namaqanda. Kamuva, i- izibungu ziyi-planktonic futhi zikhukhulwe nemisinga zize zizinze olwandle.
Kwezinye izinhlobo, njenge I-Pterois o I-ScorpaenaUkukhulelwa kwangaphakathi kuvamile, futhi amaqanda akhula avikelekile ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo ze-gelatinous. Uma sezichanyuselwe, izibungu zibhekana namazinga aphezulu okudliwa, kodwa lezo ezifinyelela ebudaleni zingaphila iminyaka eminingana.
Ukubaluleka kwemvelo nobudlelwano nabantu
I-scorpion fish ayibalulekile kuphela engozini yayo, kodwa futhi yayo indima ebalulekile yezemvelo njengesilwane esizingelayo ezindaweni zasolwandle, igcina ibhalansi yezinhlanzi ezincane nama-crustaceans. Ungathola imininingwane mayelana nezinye izinhlobo ezinobuthi ku izinhlanzi ezinobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni.
Kwezinye izifunda, i-a izinhlobo ezihlonishwayo ku-gastronomy yendawo futhi iyingxenye yokudoba ngezingcweti, nakuba ingozi yakho ikhawulela ukuhweba kwayo emhlabeni jikelele. Kubantu abanolwazi lwezilwane zasemanzini, izinhlobo ezifana ne-lionfish zaziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo okumangalisayo, nakuba zidinga ukuqapha okuqinile ngenxa yobuthi bazo kanye nokudla okukhethekile okudliwayo.
Izinhlobo zezilwane zivame ukubanjwa ngephutha amanetha okudoba, okubangela izingozi eziningi kubadobi. Inyama yabo idliwa isanda kuthoswa, ethosiwe, yosiwe, ibilisiwe noma ibhakiwe kuye ngesiko lendawo.
Isimo sokulondoloza kanye nezinsongo
Naphezu kokusatshalaliswa kwayo okubanzi kwezindawo kanye nobuningi obuhlobene, uhlobo oluyinhloko de peces ama-scorpion ahlukaniswa njengokukhathazeka okuncane ngokusho kwe-IUCN. Kodwa-ke, ukudoba ngokweqile, ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, kanye noshintsho lwendawo ezungezile kungathinta abantu bakhona endaweni. Ungathola ulwazi olwengeziwe ku- ukuhlupheka okungabonakali kwezinhlanzi.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ukwanda de peces I-invasive scorpionfish (njenge-lionfish e-Caribbean nasentshonalanga ye-Atlantic) ibangele ukungalingani kwemvelo, okuthinta izinhlobo zemvelo kanye nempilo yezixhobo zamakhorali.