Inhlanzi uthingo Ingenye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zezinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile emhlabeni. Inemibala eminingi esikhunjeni sayo (yingakho igama layo) futhi ingadonsa ukunaka kwawo wonke umuntu. Igama layo lesayensi ngu UMelanotaenia boesemani futhi ilungele ama-aquariums, njengoba izonikeza umnikelo omkhulu wokuhlobisa. Impumelelo yakhe ku-aquariophilia ibe yinkulu futhi isibe enye yezinhlanzi ezidume kakhulu ezitolo ze-aquarium.
Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ngokujulile izici zale nhlanzi, indlela ephila ngayo, nokunakekelwa ekudingayo lapho ithunjiwe. Ufuna ukufunda konke mayelana nezinhlanzi zothingo? Qhubeka ufunda
Izici eziyinhloko
Njengoba sibona kule webhusayithi, zonke izinhlanzi zihlukile kwenye ngekhwalithi ekhethekile. Ukubukeka kwale nhlanzi isicaba futhi imise okweqandaIcindezelwa eceleni. Ine-physiognomy ehleleke kahle, njengoba kungekho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kwendawo yomgogodla kanye ne-ventral. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingemuva liba neqhubu elincane elisivumela ukuba silinganisele ubudala bezinhlanzi. Ukubukeka kwalolu hlobo lwe-bulge kuxhunywe izinhlanzi ezindala.
Ifaka amaphiko amabili omgogodla ne-anal eyodwaI-anal fin ukuqhubeka komzimba wayo. Isuka phakathi nendawo futhi inomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, inhlanzi ingakwazi ukuba namandla okuziqhuba ngesivinini esikhulu ukuze ibhukude. Amaphiko ayo asemhlane aqondisa ukunyakaza kwawo. Inhlanzi yothingo ayinkulu kakhulu, kodwa isanyakaza. ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ngokuqondene nomlomo, unesici esingavamile kakhulu: kunjalo mncane kakhulu futhi kancane phezulu. Naphezu kwalokhu, banesifiso sokudla. Banokuthambekela okuphezulu, okuhlobene nendlela yabo yokudla. I-rainbow fish iyakwazi ukushwabadela ukudla okungaphezulu noma okulengiswe kukholomu yamanzi. Ngenxa yokuthambekela komlomo wabo, kunzima kubo ukudla ukudla okuku-substrate; Nokho, inhlanzi yokuhlanza phansi Yebo, bayasizakala ngalolo hlobo lokudla.
I-rainbowfish iwuhlobo oluncane. Usayizi we-rainbowfish Isukela phakathi kuka-6 no-12 amasentimitha cishe. Lesi sici sikwenza kube enye yezinhlanzi eziyintandokazi zokuzalanisa ngokuhlobisa, ngoba azitholi umthamo omkhulu futhi zingagcinwa. Aquariums medium.
Emkhayeni we-Melanotaeniidae, igama elithi "rainbowfish" lihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Uhlobo I-Melanotaenia Ihluke kakhulu futhi igama layo livela esiGrekini sasendulo: melano = black y taenia = amabhande, kubhekiselwa kumabhande asemaceleni amnyama ezinye izinhlobo ezinawo. Nakuba lapha sigxile UMelanotaenia boesemani, kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi abesilisa ngokuvamile ezinkulu futhi ezinemibala eminingi kunabesifazane nokuthi ukushuba kombala kuyahlukahluka ngokuya kwemizwa, ukubusa komphakathi kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi.
Ngaphezu kombala we-dimorphism, abesilisa bavame ukubonisa umhlane ophakeme futhi, ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, bangabonisa a ibhande lasekhanda elicwebezelayo lokho kubonakala futhi kunyamalale ngokushesha. Ngokudla okuhle namapharamitha azinzile, lezi zinhlanzi zibonisa umbala wazo omuhle kakhulu futhi zingafinyelela ku-a impilo ende yeminyaka emi-5 kuye kweyisi-8 ku-aquarium.
Ibanga nendawo yokuhlala
Lezi zinhlanzi zinendawo esilinganiselwe yokwabiwa, ngoba izindawo ezihlala kuzo ziyindlala. Zivame ukutholakala engxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Southeast Asia ezindaweni ezintathu: I-Indonesia, i-Australia ne-New GuineaAmachibi lapho zingatholakala khona I-Ajamaru, i-Antijo ne-Hain.
Ngokuphathelene nendawo abahlala kuyo, imvamisa bahlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi angenasawoti. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, akuyona yonke imifula eyindawo enhle yalezi zinhlanzi. Bahlala kuphela emifuleni ethile enezici ezithile. Isibonelo, esinye sezidingo ezinkulu zomfula okufanelekile yi-pH. Ngakho-ke bangakwazi ukufaka izinhlanzi zothingo lwenkosazana, Amanzi kufanele ahlale phakathi kwebanga le-pH okungcono phakathi kuka-6,5 no-7,5 (ine-acidic kancane ukuya kokungathathi hlangothi, ngisho ne-alkaline kancane kwezinye imiphakathi).
Izinga lokushisa nalo liwumkhawulo. Endaweni yabo yemvelo kanye ne-aquarium, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-22-27 ºC Yilona elifaneleka kakhulu, elinamanzi ihlanzekile kakhulu futhi i-crystallineLapho izinhlanzi zicaca futhi zihlanzekile, ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kuyoba kuhle kakhulu. Le nhlanzi yasemanzini ahlanzekile ayivamisile ukubhukuda ekujuleni, ngoba, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ayikwazi ukudla ukudla okuvela ku-substrate ngenxa ye-engeli yomlomo wayo nangenxa yokuthi, ngokwemvelo, ithatha izingqimba ezimaphakathi nezingaphezulu kusukela ezikoleni ezakha amanzi.
Enye imfuneko edingwa indawo yokuhlala ukuthi inakho izitshalo eziningi zasemanzini nokuthi i- izinga lokushisa lamanzi lihlala liphakathi kuka-22 no-26 degrees. Kwesinye isikhathi, zingagcinwa ku-28°C isikhashana, nakuba ukukhula kwazo kungalungile uma zigcinwa isikhathi eside. Ku-aquariums, kuyalulekwa futhi ukugcina izinga lobulukhuni obujwayelekile. Imithombo ye-GH (cishe 8–10 ºd) kanye namazinga we i-ammonium ne-nitrites ku-0, nge i-nitrate ngaphansi kuka-20 mg/l.
Kuhlala izinhlanzi eziningi zothingo imifula, imifudlana namachibi enamanzi athambile, izimila ezingasogwini kanye nezindawo ezinomthunzi. Ngokwemvelo, bahlangana ndawonye izikole ezinkulu zezinhlanzi eduze nendawo, okuzisiza ukuthi zizivikele ezilwaneni ezizingelayo futhi zithuthukise ukufuna kwazo ukudla.
Ukudla kwezinhlanzi ze-rainbow
Njengoba kungancishiswa, ukudla kuyinto omnivorous. Ingadla kokubili izilwane ezincane kanye nezitshalo zasemanzini. Ayifaki izinkinga uma kuziwa ekukhetheni ukudla ozokudla nsuku zonke. Idinga ukudla okwanele. olinganiselayo futhi ezihlukahlukeneUma kunjalo, ukukhanya kwezikali zayo kuzoba namandla kakhulu futhi imibala igqame kakhulu.
Ngokuphakelwa kwe-aquarium, kufanele ukhethe ngokucophelela ukudla ozokunikeza. Kufanele zihluke futhi akunandaba ukuthi zikhona iqandisiwe noma imikhiqizo kwezimboniYomibili imikhiqizo ihlinzeka futhi yanelisa izidingo zezinhlanzi ze-rainbow kahle. Ungakwazi ngisho nokuhlanganisa ukudla ngendlela ye-flake noma ye-pellet uma uthanda. Ungabanika futhi inyama yenhlanzi o izimfanzi ezincane.
Kangakanani Kufanele yondliwe izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. Into etuseka kakhulu izikhathi ezintathu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukudla kuhlale ilengiswa emanzini, njengoba bengakwazi ukudla ukudla okuvela ku-substrate ngenxa ye-angle yomlomo wabo. Ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukudla okuwela phansi ngeke kube namsebenzi futhi kuzongcolisa i-aquarium kuphela. Ukuze ugweme lezi zinkinga, zinikezwa amanani amancane lokudla futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukuthi lingashoni lize lishone phansi.
Indaba yokudla ingaba yinkinga uma siyixuba nezinye izinhlanzi. Nakuba ziyizinhlanzi ezithanda ukuzijabulisa, ziyabonakala ethuswa ukushesha kwezinye izinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokudla. Bangase bahlale bengcwatshwe ku-aquarium futhi bangezi phezulu. Isu eliwusizo usakaze ukudla phezu kwendawo yonke ukuze zonke izibonelo ezisesikoleni zifinyelele. Kubuye kuphakanyiswe ukufaka ukudla kwezitshalo (isb. ama-flakes ane-spirulina) futhi unikele ngesikhathi izibungu zomiyane, izimfanzi ze-brine, ne-daphnia.
Abanakekeli abaningi bazijwayeza a usuku lokuzila ukudla kwamasonto onke ukusiza ukugaya nokuvimbela ukukhuluphala ngokweqile. Ekuzalweni, gazinga wamukele kahle kakhulu i-infusoria izinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala futhi, ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ezisanda kuchanyuselwa izimfanzi ze-brine nauplii.
Ukunakekelwa okudingekayo
Ukuze izinhlanzi zothingo zizizwe zisekhaya, i-aquarium kufanele ibe nesikhala esanele sokubhukuda, ungabheka ukuthi kanjani lungiselela i-aquarium. Cishe amalitha angama-200 alungile.I-aquarium kufanele okungenani ibe imitha ubude. Amanzi kufanele afakwe umoya-mpilo ngesisefo esihle. Isihlungi sidinga hlinzeka ukunyakaza emanzini izikhathi ezi-3 noma ezine ngehoraKunconywa ukusebenzisa a i-substrate emnyama ukuze uqhubeke ugqamisa umbala wezinhlanzi.
inzalo de peces uthingo kufanele kucatshangelwe imibhangqwana noma amaqembu amancane ukuze kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqizwa esikhathini esizayo. Uma une-rainbowfish eminingana, kubalulekile ukunikeza isikhala salezo zinhlanzi ezakhe izibopho. Ukuzibeka endaweni yazo noma endaweni eyimfihlo kakhulu kwenza kube lula ukuthi inzalo entsha ikhiqize kabusha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kutuswa ukugcina a iqembu elincane lama-specimens angu-6-8 ukuveza ukuziphatha kwabo kwemvelo kokushona phansi. Umhlobiso nge izitshalo ezinamaqabunga amancane, izindawo zokubhukuda ezicacile kanye nezimpande ezithile noma amatshe kuzobasiza bazizwe bephephile. ukukhanya okumaphakathi futhi isivalo se-aquarium sifanelekile, ngoba lezi zinhlanzi zingagxuma.
Ukugcina impilo yakho, yenza ukushintsha kwamanzi okuyingxenye 25-30% isonto ngalinye, qapha izinga lokushisa elizinzile futhi usebenzise izivivinyo ukuze uqinisekise ammonium, nitrites kanye nitrateBamukela amanzi ane-alkaline uma izinga lamanzi lihle kakhulu futhi izinhlanganisela ze-nitrogen zihlala zigcinwa ngaphakathi kwamanani anconyiwe. Kancane ukunyakaza komhlaba (ngaphandle kwemisinga eyeqile) ithanda ukushintshaniswa kwegesi futhi ithuthukisa umsebenzi wayo.
Ngokuqondene nabangane base-aquarium, bavame ukuhlalisana kahle nezinhlobo enokuthula futhi esebenzayo ezinosayizi ofanayo (isb. amanye ama-melanotaenids, ama-barbs angahlukumezi, ama-danios, ama-rasboras noma elororas). Gwema ukuhlanganisa nezinhlanzi ezinamahloni kakhulu ezingase zicindezeleke noma nezinhlobo zezilwane nolaka ezincintisanayo ngezindawo.
Ukuziphatha nokuhlalisana nabantu
Ngokwemvelo, izinhlanzi zothingo ziyabuthana izikole ezinkulu zezinhlanzi engekude ukusuka phezulu. Wesimilo Pacific, zidla endle ngezinhlobonhlobo ze izinambuzane, izibungu nama-microorganisms, kulekelelwa ngezinto zezitshalo nolwelwe. Ku-aquarium, izikole ezakhiwe kahle ziyabukisa izigaba ezithambile lapho abesilisa abavelele bavame ukubonisa imibala egqamile, ikakhulukazi ekuseni naphakathi nezikhathi zokuqomisana.
Isitayela sabo sokubhukuda siqinile futhi sinhle; bayawazisa amanzi amade avulekile ukuhambahamba. Lapho imvelo ifanelekile, abesilisa bayadlala imibukiso yemibala ngaphambi kwabesifazane futhi ngezinye izikhathi ibhande elikhanyayo livela ekhanda leduna njengengxenye yombukiso wokushada.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha ku-aquarium
Nakuba zingazala cishe ngokuqhubekayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ukuzala kuyaqina uma kukhona izinguquko ezivumayo endaweni (isb., ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa elincane phakathi kwebanga kanye nokwanda kwezinguquko zamanzi ezilingisa izinkathi ezimanzi). Abesilisa abathandanayo babonisa imibala yabo emihle kakhulu nokudlidliza kwamaphiko.
Umbhangqwana uvame ukuzala ngenhla noma phakathi kwezimila. Amaqanda ama-demersals nama-adhesives, ukunamathela emaqabunga amahle, ama-moss e-Java noma ama-mops akhiqizayo. Kuye ngezinga lokushisa, ukuchanyuselwa kwenzeka Izinsuku eziyi-7 kuye kwezingu-14. the ukuvuthwa ngokocansi Ngokuvamile ifinyelelwa cishe unyaka owodwa ubudala, nakuba ingahluka ngokudla nokukhula.
Ezindaweni ezifuywayo ezifuywayo, ama-aquarists amaningi ahlukanisa amaqanda ethangini lokuchanyuselwa ukuze awavikele ekuhlaselweni ngengozi. Ama-Fry mancane kakhulu; ekuqaleni, zidinga i-infusoria futhi, ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, bayemukela i-brine shrimp nauplii. Gcina a izinga lamanzi elingenasici futhi izinguquko ezibushelelezi ziyisihluthulelo sokuthuthuka kwayo.
Isimo sokulondoloza kanye nesibopho se-aquarist
Endaweni yabo yemvelo, izinhlobo eziningana de peces kucatshangelwa uthingo esatshiswa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwendawo yokuhlala, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukwethulwa kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo kanye ne ukungcola kwezolimo. Ngokwezinga elincane, ukuqoqwa okungakhethi kwe-aquariophilia kungafaka ingcindezi kubantu bendawo uma kungaphathwa ngendlela efanele. Ukukhetha izibonelo kusuka ukuzalanisa okuthunjiweyo, ukugwema ukukhishwa endle kanye nokweseka abalimi abanomthwalo wemfanelo kusiza ukunciphisa umthelela kanye nokulondoloza izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Isici esiwusizo kumgcini ukuthi imibala ye-rainbow fish can khombisa isimo sakho sempilo: uma kwenzeka kuba nengcindezi noma izinga eliphansi lamanzi, vala amathoni aboNgamapharamitha azinzile kanye nokudla okuhlukahlukene, aphinde athole ukukhanya kwesici sazo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungakwazi ukunakekela kahle izinhlanzi ze-rainbow futhi ujabulele imibala yazo. Nge-aquarium enkulu, amanzi azinzile, ukudla okuhlukahlukene, kanye nomphakathi ohambisanayo, le nhlanzi iyabonisa ukuziphatha komphakathi okuthakazelisayo kanye nephalethi yombala eguqukayo usuku lonke; ukunakekela izidingo zabo eziyisisekelo akugcini nje ukuthuthukisa ubuhle babo, kodwa futhi kunomthelela ukulondolozwa okunomthwalo wemfanelo yeqembu lezifanekiselo zama-aquarists.
