Ukuba khona I-Zebra mussel echibini laseCuevas del AlmanzoraUkuqubuka kwalesi sifo esifundazweni sase-Almería kuholele uHulumeni Wesifunda sase-Andalusia ukuthi asebenzise iphakheji yemikhawulo engakaze ibonwe emisebenzini yokudoba. Iziphathimandla zesifunda zikhethe ukuvala cishe lonke ichibi ukuze zizame ukunqanda ukusabalala kwaso. izinhlobo zangaphandle ezihlaselayo, ebhekwa njengenye yezinkinga kakhulu ezindaweni zemvelo zasemanzini zaseYurophu.
Imithetho emisha, equkethwe ku- Isinqumo esanyatheliswa kuyi-BOJA yi-General Directorate of Forest Policy and Biodiversity UMnyango Wezokuzinza kanye Nezemvelo ushintshe isikhathi sokudoba, walawula ukusetshenziswa kwezikebhe nemishini yokusiza, futhi wagcizelela ukuhlanzwa nokubulawa kwamagciwane kwazo zonke izinto zokudoba. Inhloso icacile: ukuvimbela izibungu zalesi silwane esinama-valve ukuthi singasabalali siye kwezinye izingxenye noma ezitsheni futhi kwandise inkinga esivele isakazekele ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zeSpain kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-2000.
Ukumiswa okuvamile kokudoba echibini
IBhodi inqume ukuthi ukudoba kucishe kwamiswa ngokuphelele eCuevas del Almanzoraisilinganiso esikhumbuza ukumuncwa kwamanzi echibini lase-AlcollarínImithethonqubo emisha isungula ukuvalwa okujwayelekile nokungapheli kwemisebenzi yokudoba kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi eningini ledamu, okuhlanganisa izindawo ezizwelayo njengomsele wokugwedla kanye nedamu elisogwini elisezansi komfulaLe mikhawulo izohlala isebenza uma nje imbaza ye-zebra ikhona futhi izimo ezibangele lesi sinqumo zingakanqotshwa.
Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi Ukudoba kuzovinjelwa cishe kuwo wonke amanziUkuvalwa kusebenza ekudobeni, ekuqeqeshweni, nasemincintiswaneni yokuzijabulisa, ngaphandle kwesigaba esiqokwe ngokukhethekile njengento ehlukile. Ukuvalwa kuhloswe njengendlela yokuvimbela nokuqapha ngokumelene [nezinsongo ezingacacisiwe], iziphathimandla zemvelo ezizibonile njengembangela yesibili ehamba phambili yokulahlekelwa yizinto eziphilayo emhlabeni jikelele, eyesibili kuphela ekuguqulweni kwezindawo zokuhlala zemvelo.
Isinqumo sokusebenzisa ukuvalwa okubanzi kangaka sibangelwa ingozi yangempela yembaza ye-zebra Isakazeka ngokushesha ngezikebhe, izimpahla zokudoba, kanye neminye imishiniLezi zinhlobo zemikhawulo, ezivame kakhulu ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi nemifula ethintekile, zihlose ukuqeda noma yiziphi izindlela zokusabalalisa, noma ngabe kusho ukunciphisa kakhulu ukuzijabulisa kanye nemisebenzi yezemidlalo ehlobene namanzi.
Ngaphezu komthelela wemvelo, iBhodi iveza ukuthi ukusabalala kwalolu hlobo oluhlaselayo kungadala izindleko ezinkulu zomnothoNjengoba izimbaza zifakwa emapayipini, ingqalasizinda yamanzi kanye nezinhlelo zokunisela, izinsiza kumele zabelwe ukuhlanza, ukulawula kanye, uma kungenzeka, ukuqeda.
I-West Zone: okuwukuphela kwengxenye lapho kuvunyelwe ukudoba ogwini lolwandle
Nokho, isinqumo sethula umehluko omncane kakhulu womkhuba wokudoba ngaphakathi ezweniIngxenye cishe Ubude obungamamitha ayi-1.970 endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi entshonalanga yedamu, eseduze nomasipala waseHuércal-Overa, lapho ukudoba kusazokwenzeka khona, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo eziqinile futhi kusukela ogwini kuphela.
Kulo mkhakha, kokubili ukudoba kwamahhala kanye ukuqeqeshwa okusemthethweni kokudoba kwezemidlalo kanye nemincintiswanoKodwa-ke, lo msebenzi ukhawulelwe ekudobeni emanzini, okusho ukuthi abathanda ukudoba ngeke bakwazi ukungena emanzini noma ukufaka izinto ezithintana nawo ngqo, ngaphandle kwemishini ebalulekile kulo msebenzi.
Umthetho uthi Umdobi ngeke avunyelwe ukungena emanzini Isihlalo noma enye ifenisha esekelayo kumele ihlale yomile. Kuvunyelwe kuphela ukudoba, i-hook, i-float noma i-buoy, kanye ne-landing net ukuthi kucwiliswe emanzini; lokhu kubhekwa njengezingxenye ezibalulekile zomsebenzi futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimbangela ezingaba khona zokudluliselwa kwe-zebra mussel.
Konke lokhu kuzodingeka ukubulala amagciwane kumele kwenziwe ngemva kokusebenzisaLesi sinyathelo sihlose kokubili ukunciphisa ingozi ngaphakathi kwechibi ngokwalo kanye nokuvimbela uhlobo lwezinhlanzi ukuthi lungasabalali ngokungahlosile luye kwezinye izindawo zokudoba. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwendawo evinjelwe kodwa esebenzayo kanye nemithethonqubo eqinile kakhulu kuhlose ukugcina izinga eliphansi lomsebenzi wokudoba ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukugcinwa kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo.
Ukulawulwa kwemikhumbi kanye nemishini yokusiza
Umthethonqubo uqine kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngawo ukusetshenziswa kwezikebhe noma ezinye izindlela ezintantayoEsigabeni esigunyaziwe sendawo yaseNtshonalanga, noma yimuphi umsebenzi ovela ezikebheni, kuma-kayak noma kwezinye izinsiza uzoxhomekeka ekutholeni izimvume ezithile ezivela kubaphathi abanekhono lokuhamba, abazohlola icala ngalinye ngokwalo.
IBhodi licabanga ngisho nokuthi Ukufakwa kweziteshi zokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane ezisemthethweni Zonke izikebhe ezintantayo kumele zisebenzise le nqubo kokubili lapho zingena futhi ziphuma edamini. Inhloso ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-hull, ama-motor, ama-oar, nanoma iyiphi indawo ethinta amanzi ayinazo izibungu ze-zebra mussel noma amasampula anamathele.
Lezi zinhlobo zamadivayisi, esezivele zisetshenzisiwe kwezinye izingxenye ze-peninsula, zithembele ekuhlanzweni okunomfutho ophezulu kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okulawulwayo; izibonelo ezifanayo ziyavela ku- Imephu yokuqala ye-algae yase-Asia kanye ne-blue crab e-Andalusia. Umqondo wukuthi akukho mkhumbi ozosebenza “njengemoto” phakathi kwezitsha, enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu imbaza ye-zebra ekwazile ngazo ukuhlala emanzini amasha selokhu yafika eSpain.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imithethonqubo ikwenza kucace ukuthi umkhuba wokudoba ngezikebhe uzoba nomkhawulo kakhulu futhi ngeke nje kuphela unikezwe imvume, kodwa futhi nokulandela ngokuqinile imigomo yokuhlanzeka ebekwe abaphathi, okungase kudikibalise abasebenzisi abaningi abavamile.
Ngalokhu, uHulumeni Wesifunda sase-Andalusia uhlose ukuthumela umyalezo ocacile: okubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela ichibi laseCuevas del Almanzora ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo, noma ngabe lokho kusho ukunciphisa kakhulu izinketho zendabuko zokuzijabulisa ngemikhumbi kanye nokudoba kwezemidlalo endaweni.
Amashejuli, imincintiswano kanye nemithetho ethile evela ogwini
Isinqumo siphinde silawule isikhathi kanye nezimo zenhlangano umsebenzi wokudoba esigabeni esigunyaziwe. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, ukudoba kungenziwa kuphela phakathi kokuphuma kwelanga nokushona kwalo, okungabandakanyi izindlela eziningi zokudoba ebusuku, ezithandwa kakhulu ngabanye abathanda ukudoba.
Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kucatshangwa ukugunyaza imincintiswano esemthethweni edinga imisebenzi ebusukuuma nje zifakiwe kukhalenda le-Andalusian Federation of Sport Fishing. Kulezi zimo, inhlangano kumele ithathe izinga elengeziwe lomthwalo wemfanelo ukuqinisekisa ukulandelwa kwayo yonke imikhawulo yezemvelo.
Umcimbi ngamunye kumele okungenani ube umuntu ophethe ukuqapha ukuthobela imithetho Imithethonqubo echazwe esinqumweni ihlanganisa konke kusukela esimisweni kanye nendawo eqondile yezindawo zokudoba kuya ezidingweni zokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane zemishini. Indima yalesi sikhulu esiqokiwe ibhekwa njengebalulekile ukuvimbela imiqhudelwano ukuba ibe yindawo yokuzalela izimbaza ze-zebra.
IBhodi iphinde yethule imikhawulo ku- izinto ezivunyelwe ngesikhathi sokuzijwayezaUkusetshenziswa kwemikhonto ngokuvamile akuvunyelwe, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezithile zemincintiswano egunyazwe ngokucacile futhi uma nje izinqubo zokubulala amagciwane ezimisiwe ziqinisekisiwe. Lokhu kuhlose ukunciphisa inani lezinto ezingasebenza njengezindawo zokuzalela izibungu noma izibonelo zabantu abadala.
Uma kuhlanganiswa, le mithetho yenza ukudoba eCuevas del Almanzora kube umsebenzi ulawulwa futhi ulawulwa kakhulu lokho ngaphambi kokutholwa kwe-zebra mussel, okuphoqa amaqembu, izinhlangano kanye nabadobi ngabanye ukuba bashintshe imikhuba yabo uma befuna ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa indawo okuwukuphela kwayo evunyelwe.
Izindlela zokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane zemishini yokudoba
Enye yezinsika zesinqumo itholakala ku- Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukusabalalisa kwe-zebra musselImithethonqubo igcizelela ukuthi zonke izinto zokudoba kanye nemishini kumele zidlule ezinqubweni zokubulala amagciwane ngemva kosuku ngalunye, ngaphandle kokukhetha.
Iphrothokholi esemthethweni, echazwe kabanzi nguMnyango, ihlanganisa izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokubulala amagciwaneLezi zindlela zifaka phakathi ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi ekushiseni okungaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-60, noma ukucwilisa imishini esixazululweni se-bleach ngesilinganiso esibonisiwe. Zombili lezi zindlela zihlose ukuqeda noma yiziphi izibungu noma izinto eziphilayo ezinamathele ezingase zingabonwa ngamehlo enyama.
Lezi zibopho azisebenzi kuphela ezintweni ezisetshenziswa esigabeni esigunyaziwe sedamu, kodwa futhi ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa kabusha kwezinye izimo zokudobaInhloso icacile: ukuvimbela umdobi ukuthi angayithwali inkinga ngokungazi noma ngokunganaki aye kweminye imifula noma emachibini okugcina amanzi, ngaleyo ndlela kube negalelo ekusabalaleni buthule kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo.
Isinqumo siphawula ukuthi ukulwa ne-zebra mussel kuncike kakhulu ku- ukubambisana okunomthwalo wemfanelo kwabasebenzisi kanye namaqembu ahlobene nokusetshenziswa kwamanziNgakho-ke, kugxilwe ekusabalaliseni lezi ziqondiso nokuqinisa ukuqapha, kokubili ngabameleli bezemvelo nabahleli bemicimbi yezemidlalo, ukuze kutholakale ukungalandelwa kwemithetho futhi kusetshenziswe, uma kufaneleka, izijeziso ezinikeziwe.
Lezi zinyathelo ziyingxenye ye- amasu abanzi okuvimbela nokuqapha ukuthi uHulumeni Wesifunda sase-Andalusia usebenzisana nezinhlobo zangaphandle ezihlaselayo, eqaphela ukuthi, uma sezisungulwe endaweni ezungezile, kunzima kakhulu futhi kuyabiza ukulungisa isimo ngaphandle komonakalo owengeziwe.
Imbaza ye-zebra, uhlobo oluhlaselayo olunomthelela omkhulu eSpain naseYurophu
Isiqalo sazo zonke lezi zithibelo ukutholakala kwezibonelo ze- I-Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) emanzini aseCuevas del AlmanzoraLesi silwane esinama-bivalve mollusk, esidabuka ezindaweni zaseMpumalanga Yurophu nase-Asia, sesibe yisibonelo esiyingqayizivele sezinhlobo ezingavamile ezihlaselayo emanzini amaningi ase-continental.
ESpain, ukuba khona kwayo kwaqala ukuqoshwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka e-US. UMfula i-Ebro, cishe ngonyaka ka-2001Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, naphezu kwemikhankaso eyahlukahlukene yokuqwashisa nokulawula, iye yahlala ezindaweni ezahlukene zemifula ngokuhlelekile, isebenzisa ezimweni eziningi zokuhamba kwezikebhe, imishini yokudoba kanye nezinye izinto ezisuka kwelinye ichibi ziye kwelinye.
Imbaza ye-zebra ihlukaniswa ngokusebenza kwayo ikhono elikhulu lokusabalalisa nokuzalaIzibungu zazo ezincane zingahlala zilenga emanzini noma zinamathele ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene, okwenza kube lula ukuhlakazeka kwazo ngengozi. Uma sezizinzile, amakoloni anamathela ngobuningi emadwaleni, ezakhiweni, emapayipini, nakunoma iyiphi indawo engaphansi kwamanzi, akha izendlalelo eziqinile eziphazamisa ukusebenza kwemvelo kwezindawo zemvelo.
Ngaphezu komthelela ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni zemvelo, lolu hlobo Kubangela izinkinga ezinkulu engqalasizinda ye-hydraulic.Izimbaza zivala amapayipi, imisele, izinhlelo zokunisela, kanye nokungenisa amanzi ukuze kutholakale noma kukhiqizwe ugesi, okudala izindleko ezinkulu zokulungisa, ukuhlanza, kanye nokulungisa. Yilo kanye lo mthelela okabili wemvelo kanye nowezomnotho oholele empendulweni yokuphatha eqinile.
Iziphathimandla zemvelo zisikhumbuza ukuthi izinhlobo zezilwane zangaphandle ezihlaselayo sezisunguliwe njenge enye yezinsongo ezinkulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni jikeleleLezi zinsongo zidlulwa kuphela ukubhujiswa nokuguqulwa kwezindawo zokuhlala zemvelo. Kulesi simo, isimo sedamu laseCuevas del Almanzora sihunyushwa njengesibonakaliso esiyisixwayiso ekulweni nalokhu kuhlasela kwezinto eziphilayo eSpain naseYurophu.
Njengoba uhlaka olusha lokulawula lusebenza, i-Cuevas del Almanzora reservoir iba yi- isibonelo sokuphathwa okunemingcele okuhloswe ngakho ukuvimbela imbaza yezebraLezi zinyathelo zihlanganisa ukuvalwa okukhulu, indawo encane ebekelwe ukudoba ogwini, kanye nezinqubo eziqinile zokubulala amagciwane. Ukuqhubeka kwalezi zinyathelo, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuncishiswa okungenzeka kwemikhawulo esikhathini esizayo, kuzoncika ekutheni inani lezinhlobo ezihlaselayo lithuthuka kanjani kanye nezinga lokuthobela imithetho ngabadobi, amaqembu, kanye nabanye abasebenzisi bamachibi.
