Wake wama wazibuza ukuthi izidalwa ezikwazi ukungabonakali zikhona yini empilweni yangempela? Nokho, kuvela ukuthi ulwandle, emakhoneni alo akude kakhulu namnyama kakhulu, lufihla izidalwa ezibonakala zingaphandle kwefilimu yesayensi. Muva nje, umhlaba webhayoloji yasolwandle umangazwe ukubonakala kwama-cephalopod aphikisana nakho konke esasicabanga ukuthi siyakwazi mayelana nokuzifihla.
Kusukela emanzini abandayo asePacific kuya ekujuleni okujulile kweGalápagos, kuye kwabhalwa phansi izinto ezimangalisayo ezitholakele. Asikhulumi ngesilwane esisodwa, kodwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezinokukhanya okumangalisayo ezisebenzisa ukuntuleka kwazo kombala njengethuluzi lokusinda kakhulu ezindaweni lapho ukukhanya kuyinto yokunethezeka engekho khona.
I-Glass Octopus Eyimfihlakalo
Esinye sezigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu esikhulunywa ngazo safezwa yi-Schmidt Ocean Institute, eyakwazi ukuqopha i-octopus enhle kakhulu yengilazi. Lesi sibonelo cishe siyijeli eliphilayo; umzimba waso ukhanya kangangokuthi amehlo aso kanye nesakhiwo sezinzwa ezibonakalayo kuphela okubonakalayo , okuyinto ephawulekayo ngempela ngokombono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Lesi sidalwa sihlala ekujuleni okusukela kumamitha angu-200 kuya kwangu-1.000. Ukuze sisinde lapho, siye sakha indlela ehlukile yokwakheka kwesimo esivumela ukuthi sihlangane nobumnyama obuphelele, sibe yisipoki sasolwandle esingashiyi mkhondo obonakalayo wezilwane ezidla ezinye.
Into exakile kakhulu ngalesi silwane, ngaphandle kokukhanya kwaso, ukuthi sinamehlo angunxande , isici esingavamile kakhulu embusweni wezilwane. Saqala ukuqoshwa ngo-2021, okusikhumbuza ukuthi kusenendawo yonke okufanele siyihlole ngaphansi kolwandle.
Imfihlakalo ye-Microeledone galapagensis
Uma i-octopus yengilazi isivele isimangazile, ukutholwa eduze neDarwin Island eGalápagos kuphakamisa izinto kwelinye izinga. Ekujuleni okungamamitha angaba ngu-1.773, ithimba eliholwa nguJanet R. Voight kanye nabalingani abavela ezikhungweni ezifana neField Museum yaseChicago kanye neYunivesithi yaseBonn, bathole i- Microeledone galapagensis.
Uma uyibuka okokuqala, le octopus ibonakala iyisilwane esincane, esigoqene kancane esinezingalo ezimfushane. Kodwa-ke, okumangazayo ngempela ukuthi isikhumba sayo sangemuva cishe asinawo umbala , okwenza ibukeke njengemimoya efana neyesibungu, naphezu kokuba yi- octopus yaseGalapagos esikhulile.
Yilapho-ke umqondo othakazelisayo webhayoloji obizwa ngokuthi i-heterochrony uqala khona ukusebenza. Empeleni, ukwehluleka noma ushintsho esigqini sokukhula kombungu okubangela ukuthi isilwane sigcine izici zobusha size sibe sesikhulile , into eyaziwa nangokuthi i-neoteny. Kunjengokungathi iwashi laso lebhayoloji limile ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ingaphakathi eliphula imithetho
Into exakile ngale octopus yenzeka uma siyeka ukubuka ubuso bese singena ngaphakathi. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe be-microCT (micrometric computed tomography), ososayensi bathole ukuthi, nakuba icacile ngaphandle, imisipha yayo yangaphakathi yomgogodla ine-pigmentation ebanzi.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi silwane sinalokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-inverted countershading. Emvelweni, kuvamile ukuba nomhlane omnyama ukuze uhlangane nesizinda kanye nesisu esilula ukuze sizifihle ngokukhanya okuvela phezulu. Kodwa le octopus ikwenza ngendlela ehlukile: imnyama ngaphakathi futhi ikhanya ngaphandle , into isayensi engakayichazi ngokugcwele .
Ukubhala kabusha umlando wama-cephalopods
Ukutholakala kwe-Microeledone galapagensis akuyona nje into ekhangayo ebonakalayo, kodwa futhi kuphoqe ochwepheshe ukuthi bashintshe incazelo yomndeni wonke wama-cephalopods, i-Megaleledonidae. Kuvele ukuthi le octopus ayinayo isikhwama se-inki kanye ne-crop diverticulum, izitho ezimbili ezazibhekwa njengezibalulekile ukuze zibe yingxenye yaleli qembu.
Ukungabikho kwesikhwama seyinki kuyinto ebalulekile, njengoba kuvimbela i-octopus ekukhiqizeni ifu elimnyama elivikelayo elifana namanye ama-octopus. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi i-taxonomy yolwandle olujulile iyinsimu eguquguqukayo nokuthi isibonelo esisodwa singaguqula imibono eyasungulwa eminyakeni eminingi.
Naphezu kwalezi ntuthuko, kunemibuzo eminingi ehlala ikhona. Ngenxa yokuthi lolu cwaningo lwalusekelwe ezibonelweni ezivela endaweni eyodwa, asazi ukuthi lolu hlobo luvame yini empumalanga yePacific noma ukuthi lutholakala eziQhingini zaseGalápagos . Isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo ukuze lubekwe ngokunembile esihlahleni somndeni we-cephalopod.
Lezi zidalwa zasolwandle olujulile, ezinemizimba yazo enjengengilazi kanye ne-anatomies eguquliwe, zisifundisa ukuthi impilo ithola izindlela zokudala ezimangalisayo zokuqhubeka ebumnyameni. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe- neoteny kanye nokucaca okukhulu kwenza lawa ma-octopus abe abaqaphi bezimfihlo ezijulile zeplanethi yethu, lapho ukutholwa ngakunye okusha kuvula umnyango wemibuzo ezothatha amashumi eminyaka ukuphendula.
