IVenezuela isiqinisekisile ukuthi isesigabeni sokugcina sokulungiselela ukuqala kabusha ukuthunyelwa kwe-blue crab emakethe yase-US , ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana yokumiswa. Isiqalo salo msebenzi sizoba, njengoba bekulokhu kunjalo, esifundazweni saseZulia kanye nendawo ezungeze iLake Maracaibo.
Iziphathimandla zaseVenezuela zigcizelela ukuthi ukubuyiselwa kwalo mkhiqizo emakethe yase-United States kuhlelwe ngaphansi kwesimo sobudlelwano obukhulu kwezepolitiki nokuhweba phakathi kwamazwe womabili , nokuthi ukuvulwa kabusha kwesiteshi sokuthumela ngaphandle kuzoncika ekutholeni izigunyazo zobuchwepheshe ezidingekayo ezivela ezinhlanganweni ezilawulayo zaseMelika.
Ukuvulwa kabusha kwemakethe ye-blue crab yase-US
UNgqongqoshe Wezamandla Abantu Wezokudoba Nezokufuya Izinhlanzi, uJuan Carlos Loyo , uchaze ngemuva komhlangano noMbusi waseZulia, uLuis Caldera, ukuthi izwe liqedela imininingwane yokugcina yokuphatha kanye neyobuchwepheshe yokuvuselela ukuthunyelwa kwe-blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) e-United States . Le ndawo ibilokhu ingumthengi oyinhloko womkhiqizo waseVenezuela kusukela ngawo-1970.
Ngokusho kolwazi olusemthethweni, ukuqaliswa kabusha kokuthunyelwa kuzoncika ezimvumeni ezikhishwe yi-Department of Fisheries of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) , igunya lase-US elibhekele ukulawulwa kokudoba. Kuze kube yilapho la malayisense evunyiwe ngokugcwele, ukuhweba ngeke kubhekwe njengokubuyiselwa ngokusemthethweni.
ULoyo uchaze ukuthi isinqumo sokuvuselela lo mkhakha sisekelwe ekujwayelekeni kancane kancane kobudlelwano obuphakathi kwamazwe amabili , okuvula iwindi lokuqalisa kabusha umjikelezo wokuthumela kwamanye amazwe owawungumthombo ofanele wemali yangaphandle kanye nomsebenzi entshonalanga yeVenezuela.
Lesi simemezelo senzeke emhlanganweni obuhanjelwe abamele imikhandlu yabadobi nabalimi bezinhlanzi , abanikazi bamabhizinisi kulo mkhakha, kanye nabanikazi bezindawo zokucubungula eZulia, abachaze izidingo zabo zokuvuselelwa kwempahla, ezezimali kanye nezimvume ukuze bavuseleleke ngaphambi kokuvulwa kabusha kwemakethe ngokugcwele.
Ngesikhathi somhlangano, ungqongqoshe uphinde wamemezela ukuthi izinqubo zangaphakathi zezimvume zabadlali kulo mkhakha zizosuswa noma zenziwe lula, ngenhloso yokusheshisa ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwemisebenzi yokudoba nokucubungula ehlobene ne-blue crab.
Uhlaka lwezomthetho kanye nemithethonqubo yokudoba izinkalankala eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Imisebenzi yezentengiselwano ehilela inkalankala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yaseVenezuela izoba ngaphansi kweGazethi Esemthethweni No. 39.483 , esebenza kusukela ngo-Agasti 2010. Lo mthethonqubo usungula izindlela eziyisisekelo okumele kuhlangatshezwane nazo zokubamba, ukuphatha, kanye nokucubungula i-crustacean, ukuze kuqinisekiswe amazinga ekhwalithi kanye nokusimama.
Izibopho zifaka phakathi ukunamathela ngokuqinile kumkhawulo wobukhulu obuncane kanye nesisindo samasampula , kanye nokuvinjelwa kokubamba izilwane ezingaphansi kwalezi zilinganiso. Inhloso ukuvimbela ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile okunganciphisa amandla okuthola kabusha ngokwemvelo kwalezi zinhlobo eLake Maracaibo.
UMnyango ugcizelela ukuthi zonke izikhungo zokucubungula, imikhumbi yokudoba, kanye nemiphakathi yokudoba kumele isebenze “ngokuvumelana nemithethonqubo kazwelonke yamanje” uma ifisa ukubamba iqhaza emakethe yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe. Ezinkampanini zaseYurophu naseMelika ezingenisa ukudla kwasolwandle, lolu hlobo lwesiqinisekiso sokulawula luvame ukuba yisici esibalulekile lapho kusungulwa izinkontileka zesikhathi esiphakathi neside.
Ngaphezu kwemithetho yayo, iVenezuela kumele ihambisane nezidingo zokuhlanzeka nokulandelela ezibekwe yi-United States , okuhlanganisa ukulawulwa kwezinsalela, izimo zokucubungula, kanye nezitifiketi zemvelaphi. Lezi zindlela ziyindlela ejwayelekile yokuhwebelana neNyakatho Melika futhi zisetshenziswa futhi njengesilinganiso samazwe amaningi e-European Union.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uHulumeni umemezele ukwakhiwa kwamaqembu okuqapha ezobuchwepheshe azoqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithethonqubo endaweni ezigabeni ezahlukene zochungechunge lokukhiqiza, kusukela ekubanjweni echibini kuya ekuthunyelweni komkhiqizo ocutshunguliwe.
ILake Maracaibo, isikhungo sokukhiqizwa kwezinkalankala eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
ILake Maracaibo isalokhu iyindawo kuphela eVenezuela lapho izinkalankala eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zivunwa khona futhi zicutshungulwa ngezinga lezimboni. Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe yiNgqongqoshe kanye noHulumeni Wesifundazwe saseZulia, lo msebenzi uhilela abantu abangaphezu kuka-20.000 ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile , okuhlanganisa abadobi, abasebenzi basefektri yokucubungula, abasebenzi bezokuthutha, kanye neminye imisebenzi ehlobene.
Njengamanje, kunezindawo zokucubungula ezingu-22 ezikhethekile ekuhlungeni, ekuhlanzeni, ekuphekeni nasekupakisheni i-blue crab ezisebenza kule ndawo . Lezi zindawo zibalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezindinganiso zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemikhumbi ebhalisiwe engaphezu kuka-4.000 ehilelekile kulo mkhakha wokudoba, okuyisibalo esibonisa ukubaluleka kwale nsiza emnothweni wendawo.
Izibalo ezisemthethweni zibonisa ukuthi ngo-2025, lesi sifunda sathola ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kwamathani ayi-10.200 enkalankala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka entsha , okwathi amathani angu-2.815 acutshungulwa abe yimikhiqizo efanelekile ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Lawa manani asikisela izinga elikhulu lokuphakelwa uma imakethe yase-US ivulwa kabusha ngaphandle kwemingcele eyengeziwe.
Uhulumeni wesifunda kanye noMnyango Wezobulungiswa baqalise ukubalwa kwabantu okuningiliziwe kwabadobi kanye namayunithi okukhiqiza eZulia, ukuze kubuyekezwe amarekhodi, kulinganiswe amandla okukhiqiza angempela futhi kulungiswe izilinganiso zokudoba ngokwezidingo zemakethe yangaphandle kanye nezindinganiso zokusimama kwemvelo.
Okuyisisekelo salokhu umgomo weziphathimandla ezifuna ukulinganisela ukuvuselelwa komnotho kwemiphakathi yasogwini nokulondolozwa kwendalo yeLake Maracaibo, indawo esivele ingaphansi kwezingcindezi ezahlukahlukene zemvelo. Ukuphathwa ngobuqotho kwe-blue crab kubhekwa njengento ebalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuvulwa kabusha akuholeli ekwehleni kwemithombo.
Umthelela wezomnotho kanye nokubikezelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kwenkalankala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yaseVenezuela
Ukuqala kabusha ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-blue crab kuhlose ukuqinisa ukuhlukahluka kwemali engenayo yaseVenezuela yangaphandle , ebilokhu incike kakhulu kuma-hydrocarbon. Uhlelo lukahulumeni luhlanganisa lo mkhakha ngaphakathi kwemigqa yesenzo sakhe esihlose ukuqinisa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okungewona uwoyela.
E-United States, futhi mhlawumbe ezimakethe ze-European Union ezinentshisekelo ekudleni kwasolwandle , inkalankala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka i-Zulia inikeza inhlanganisela yobuningi obutholakalayo, isiko lokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezindinganiso zekhwalithi zomhlaba wonke. Nakuba izindaba zigxile emakethe yase-US, ukuhlelwa kabusha komkhakha kungasiza ekuvuleni noma ekuhlanganisweni kweziteshi eziya eYurophu esikhathini esimaphakathi.
Abangenisi baseYurophu bavame ukugxila ezicini ezifana nokuzinza kokuhlinzekwa, ukuthobela imithethonqubo yezemvelo kanye nokulandelelwa , izindawo lapho iVenezuela izama ukuthuthukisa khona ngokudala amakomidi obuchwepheshe, ukuvuselela ukubalwa kwabantu kanye nokuqinisa izilawuli ngobukhulu kanye nesisindo sensiza.
Ezingeni lezenhlalo, ukuvuselelwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kungaholela emisebenzini emikhulu yezomnotho emiphakathini yaseZulia eseceleni komfula , kube nemiphumela emihle emisebenzini esemthethweni, isidingo sezinsizakalo ezisizayo (ukuqandisa izimboni, ezokuthutha, ukulungiswa kwezikebhe), kanye nemali engenayo yentela yendawo. Kodwa-ke, iziphathimandla zigcizelele ukuthi inqubo yokwandisa kumele ihambisane nokuqapha izimo zokusebenza kanye nokuhlonipha amalungelo abasebenzi.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwemakethe yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ehlanganisiwe, njenge-United States, kanye nokwanda okungenzeka kwezinye izindawo, okuhlanganisa namazwe aseYurophu, kwenza i-blue crab ibe umkhiqizo obalulekile ngaphakathi kokudoba kwaseVenezuela . Umphumela wokugcina uzoncika esijubane lapho kutholakala khona izimvume zomhlaba wonke kanye nekhono lomkhakha lokuzivumelanisa nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zabathengi.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezikhungo kanye nezinyathelo ezilandelayo kule nqubo
Ukuze kuqondiswe le nqubo yokuvula kabusha, kusungulwe ikhomishini ekhethekile, eholwa ngumbusi waseZulia, uLuis Caldera . Leli thimba lizoba nesibopho sokuxhumanisa abathintekayo abahlukahlukene bomphakathi nabazimele, ukucubungula izicelo zezimvume, kanye nokuqapha ukusetshenziswa kwemithethonqubo yamanje.
UMnyango Wezokudoba Nezokufuya Izinhlanzi uphinde wagcizelela ukuthi zonke izinhlangano zokudoba, izinkampani, kanye nezindawo zokucubungula eLake Maracaibo zigunyaziwe ukusebenza, uma nje zilandela umthetho wamanje futhi zilandela imikhawulo yobukhulu nesisindo esimisiwe sezilwane ezinamagobolondo. Umgomo uwukuba lo mkhakha ulungele futhi uhlelwe lapho i-United States inika imvume yokugcina.
Phakathi kwezinyathelo ezimenyezelwe yisinqumo sokuhoxisa noma sokulungisa ezinye zezinqubo zokuphatha zangaphakathi ezidingekayo kubadobi nabanikazi bamabhizinisi ukuze bahlele kabusha isimo sabo. Lokhu kuhlose ukuqeda izithiyo zikahulumeni kanye nokugxila emizamweni yokuhambisana nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe nezempilo eziqinile kakhulu.
UNgqongqoshe uLoyo ngokwakhe ugcizelele ukuthi ukuxoxisana nabathintekayo abahlukahlukene kube yisihluthulelo sokuhlonza ingqalasizinda, ukuxhaswa ngezimali kanye nezidingo zokuqeqeshwa emikhubeni emihle yokudoba, into ebaluleke kakhulu uma inhloso iwukuncintisana ubuso nobuso nabanye abahlinzeki abavela ezwenikazi laseMelika.
Nakuba isikhathi esithile esinezinsuku zokuthunyelwa kokuqala singakanikezwa, uhulumeni waseVenezuela uphikelela ngokuthi izwe "lilungiselela ukuqala kabusha ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-blue crab maduze," kuye ngokuthi, kuvunyelwe yi-NOAA. Okwamanje, iZulia ilungisa amandla ayo okukhiqiza, abadobi babuyekeza amarekhodi abo, futhi izimboni zokucubungula zilungisa ukusebenza kwazo ngeso elibheke emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, uma iqina, ingaba yingxenye ebalulekile yomkhakha wokudoba waseVenezuela.