La ukufika okukhulu kwe-sargassum seaweed ogwini lwaseWest BayEsiqhingini saseHonduras iRoatán, ukuqongelela kwalesi sitshalo esikhulu kuye kwaphoqa ukuvalwa okwesikhashana kwelinye lamabhishi adumile kakhulu eCaribbean. Ulwandle, manje oluhlanganisa cishe ikhilomitha elilodwa logwini, lushintshe ngokuphelele isithombe esivamile samanzi acwebezelayo nesihlabathi esimhlophe, okubeka engcupheni ezokuvakasha ngesikhathi sesizini esimatasa.
Iziphathimandla zendawo zikhiphe isinqumo sokuthi ukuvalwa kolwandle emphakathini Njengoba kunephunga elibi elidalwa yi-sargassum ebolayo kanye nemiphumela engaba khona empilweni kubahlali nezivakashi, lesi simo siphindaphindwa kaningi ezindaweni ezahlukene zaseCaribbean. Lesi simo siphinde sizibeke njengesinye sezinselelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zemvelo nezomnotho ezindaweni ezisogwini ezincike kakhulu kwezokuvakasha, okuhlanganisa naseYurophu, lapho abaqhubi bezokuvakasha kanye nezinhlangano beqapha khona isimo eRoatán ngenxa yomthelela waso ekuhleleni uhambo.
Ikhilomitha elilodwa logu oluvinjwe yi-sargassum
I-West BayIbhishi, elibhekwa njengendawo yehhotela ebaluleke kakhulu eRoatán, liye lacishe langasetshenziswa ukubhukuda nemisebenzi yasemanzini. Ngokusho kwedatha kamasipala, Cishe ikhilomitha elilodwa lolwandle limbozwe yisithiyo esiminyene solwelwe okuvimbela ukufinyelela olwandle okuvamile futhi okushintsha ikhwalithi yamanzi.
UMqondisi Wezempilo Yomphakathi kuMasipala waseRoatán, USammy CortesWachaza ukuthi ugu lolwandle “lugcwele amanzi” nge-sargassum nokuthi Akukhuthazwa izivakashi ukuthi zingene emanziniIziphathimandla bezilokhu zenza umsebenzi wokuhlanza amasonto amaningi, kodwa igagasi lakamuva liziphoqe ukuba zigxile yonke imizamo eWest Bay kanye nendawo eseduze yaseWest End.
Lokhu kuvalwa kuphakanyiswe njenge- isinyathelo sokuvimbela ngokuqinileLokhu kungenxa yezimo zokungahlanzeki kanye namagesi akhishwa ngesikhathi sokubola kwe-algae. Iphunga elibi, elikhiqizwa kakhulu yi-hydrogen sulfide, lenezela ekukhathazekeni ngezinkinga zokuphefumula ezingaba khona kanye nokuntuleka kokuphepha kwezempilo okubonakala sengathi kubangelwa izivakashi ezivakashela lesi siqhingi.
Ukuqongelela akuyona nje inkinga yobuhle. Inqubo yokubola kwe-sargassum Kushintsha ikhwalithi yamanzi futhi kungathinta izinhlobo zasolwandle zasendaweni., okuhlanganisa nezinhlanzi, izilwane ezingenamgogodla kanye nemiphakathi yasezindaweni ezinamahlathi e-coral kanye notshani basolwandle okuyingxenye yokukhanga kwemvelo kweRoatán kanye nezinye izindawo zokuntywila ezivame ukuhanjelwa yizivakashi zaseYurophu.
Iziphathimandla zilinganisela ukuthi lesi simo sithinta ngqo umthambo wezivakashi wesiqhingi esiyinhlokolapho ingxenye enkulu yehhotela kanye neminikelo yokuzilibazisa igxile khona. Umthelela uyabonakala kokubili emabhizinisini asebhishi kanye nasezinkonzweni ezihambisanayo, kusukela kwezokuthutha kuya ezitolo zendawo.
Amahhotela anemisebenzi emisiwe kanye nezivakashi ezithuthelwe kwamanye amazwe
I-bloom ye-sargassum ibe ne- ukushaqeka okusheshayo emkhakheni wamahhotelaOkungenani izindawo zokungcebeleka eziyisikhombisa eziseWest Bay naseWest End ziphoqelekile ukumisa imisebenzi yasemanzini kanye neyokuzilibazisa, kusukela ekubhukudeni nge-snorkeling kanye nohambo lwesikebhe kuya ohambweni lokuntywila ogwini.
Lezi zindawo ziyaqhubeka nokwamukela izivakashi, kodwa Kuye kwadingeka bahlele kabusha imisebenzi yaboAbaningi bakhethe ukuthuthela amakhasimende kwamanye amabhishi eRoatán, okwamanje, angenazo izimila zasolwandle. Lokhu kuthuthela kuhilela ukwanda kwezindleko zokuhamba, njengoba kumele kukhokhele izindleko zokuhamba, izinguquko zesheduli, futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukubuyiselwa kwemali noma isinxephezelo.
Kumabhizinisi ezokuvakasha kanye nomnotho wendawo, lesi siqephu sifika ngesikhathi esibucayi kakhulu: Isizini yesikhathi esimatasa iyaqhubeka futhi iPhasika seliseduze.Lesi ngesinye sezikhathi ezimatasa kakhulu zonyaka zezivakashi ezivela eMelika naseYurophu. Abathengisi, abanikazi bezindawo zokudlela, kanye nabaqhubi bezokuvakasha babika ukwehla kwemali engenayo njengoba bezama ukugcina ibhizinisi ngokunikeza ezinye izindlela ngaphakathi kwezwe noma kwezinye izingxenye zesiqhingi.
Naphezu kobunzima, ukugeleza kwezivakashi eRoatán akukapheli ngokuphelele. Izivakashi eziningi zikhetha ukunamathela ezinhlelweni zazoKodwa-ke, ulwazi endaweni oya kuyo luyashintsha: uhambo oluhlelwe kabusha, amashejuli ajwayele umsebenzi wokuhlanza kanye nokuthembela okukhulu ezindaweni ezingathintekile yi-sargassum.
Izinhlangano zezokuvakasha zicabangela okwenzeka eWest Bay isexwayiso mayelana nokuba sengozini kwalezi zindawo Njengoba kunikezwe izimo zemvelo zamanje, ezingasabhekwa njengezigameko ezizimele, isithombe sikaRoatán samazwe ngamazwe, esibekwe kahle emakethe yelanga yaseYurophu kanye nokuntywila, singase siphazamiseke uma izehlakalo ezifanayo ziphinde zenzeke ngaphandle kwezinqubo ezicacile zokuphendula.
Umsebenzi wokuhlanza kanye nohlelo oluphuthumayo
Ukuze kuxazululwe lesi simo esiphuthumayo, uHulumeni Honduras isebenze a uhlelo oluphuthumayo oluphuthumayoUMengameli uNasry “Tito” Asfura uyale ukuba kube nokungenelela okuphuthumayo ngokubambisana nephini leBay Islands, UStephen Garcia, ngenhloso yokusheshisa ukususwa kwe-sargassum nokunciphisa umthelela kwezokuvakasha kanye nemvelo.
Ngempelasonto, iqembu lokuqala le- imishini ekhethekileNgaphezu kwemishini esindayo ehlinzekwa noma eqashiwe yizinkampani zamahhotela zale ndawo, ama-backhoe, amaloli, kanye nezimoto zemithwalo zisebenza cishe njalo ukususa ukhula lwasolwandle oluqongeleleke ogwini lolwandle.
Lo msebenzi uhlelwe njenge- ubambiswano lukahulumeni nolwangaseseAbasebenzi bokulungisa abavela emahhotela okungenani ayisikhombisa eWest Bay naseWest End bahlanganyela emsebenzini kanye nezinsizakalo zikamasipala, ezicele nokusekelwa yi- UNobhala Wezokuphathwa Kwezingozi Nezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-Copeco) ukuqinisa idivayisi.
Ezindaweni ezithinteke kakhulu, kuye kwadingeka ukuthi ukususwa kwesihlabathi okwesikhashana ukuvumela ukufinyelela kwemishini nokwenza lula umsebenzi wokususa. Uma i-sargassum isisusiwe, isihlabathi sihlelwe ukuthi sigcwaliswe kabusha ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo owengeziwe ohlelweni lwemvelo lwasogwini kanye nesimo solwandle.
Izilinganiso ezisemthethweni zisikisela ukuthi umsebenzi ungaqhubeka phakathi izinsuku ezintathu nezinhlanuKuye ngokuqhubeka kokugcwala kolwandle kanye nezimo zolwandle nomoya, iziphathimandla ziyaqiniseka ukuthi zingavula kabusha kancane kancane ugu lolwandle ekupheleni kwesonto, yize zivuma ukuthi ukufika kwamagagasi amasha akunakugwenywa uma nje isimo samanje siqhubeka.
Isenzakalo semvelo esibi kakhulu ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokungcola
ISargassum iyi- i-macroalgae ensundu yohlobo lwe-Sargassum Intanta ngokukhululeka ngenxa yama-vesicles amancane agcwele igesi. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, bheka Iyini i-sargassum futhi kungani iphindaphinda?Olwandle oluvulekile, ikakhulukazi e-Atlantic eshisayo, kwakha izindawo zemvelo ezintantayo ezisebenza njengesiphephelo nokudla kwezinhlanzi, izilwane ezinamagobolondo, izimfudu nezinyoni zasolwandle, zigcwalisa indima enhle kwezemvelo.
Inkinga ivela lapho, iqhutshwa yimimoya nemisinga, ukuthi i-sargassum ayisahlali ihlakazekile olwandle oluvulekile futhi igxila emigqeni emikhulu egcina ikhukhulekile ogwini. Uma ibanjwe emanzini angajulile, ulwelwe luyaqoqana futhi lubole ngokushesha, ludle umoya-mpilo, lushintshe amakhemikhali amanzi, futhi lukhiqize amagesi anephunga elinamandla.
Ososayensi nochwepheshe esifundeni bayavuma ukuthi ukwanda kwalesi simo kungenxa ye- inhlanganisela yezintoNgakolunye uhlangothi, ukufudumala kolwandle kwandisa isikhathi sokukhula kwe-sargassum futhi kukhuthaza ukwanda kwayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwanda kwezakhamzimba—njenge-phosphorus ne-nitrogen—ezivela kumanyolo wezolimo, amanzi angcolile, kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi emifuleni kukhuthaza ukukhula okukhulu kwalezi zinhlobo ze-algae.
Uthuli oluvela emoyeni oluvela e-Afrika nalo lunegalelo insimbi nezinye izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezisebenza njengomanyolo wemvelo ebusweni bolwandle. Konke lokhu, kuhlanganiswe nezinguquko emoyeni kanye namaphethini wamanje, kuye kwasiza ekwakhekeni kwalokho okwaziwa ngokuthi uLwandlekazi iPacific iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi. Ibhande Elikhulu Le-Atlantic Sargassum, umugqa ocishe uqhubeke njalo osuka ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Afrika uye eCaribbean naseGulf of Mexico.
Izithombe zesathelayithi kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ezifana I-Sargassum Watch System Abacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseSouth Florida bebelokhu bexwayisa iminyaka eminingi ukuthi izigameko zokunqwabelana kwamanzi emabhishi aseCaribbean nasogwini olusempumalanga ye-United States, empeleni, ziyenzeka. okungenakugwenywa esimweni samanjeIzilinganiso zakamuva, ezinamathani ezigidi zamathani e-biomass antanta phakathi kwamazwekazi, ziqinisekisa ukuthi lesi simo asigcini nje ngokuqhubeka, kodwa sivame ukuqina.
Umthelela wezemvelo, wezenhlalo kanye nowezomnotho eRoatán naseCaribbean
Ezindaweni ezifana neRoatán, iCancún, iPlaya del Carmen nezinye izindawo ezivakashelwa izivakashi kulesi sifunda, ukufika kwe-sargassum kudala i- uchungechunge lwemithelela oludlula isithombe sekhadi leposi lolwandleUmphumela wokuqala uyabonakala: izinqwaba zokhula lwasolwandle ezimboze isihlabathi kanye nogu lolwandle, zishintsha ngokuphelele ukubukeka kwendawo oya kuyo.
Ngokombono wezemvelo, ukuqongelela isikhathi eside kungenza utshani basolwandleLezi zinguquko, ezingasibekela umthunzi ama-coral reefs futhi zinciphise ukutholakala komoya-mpilo emanzini, zenza buthaka izimiso zemvelo ezibalulekile zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kogu ezivunguvungwini nasekugugulekeni komhlaba. Lokhu futhi kuyinto ekhathazayo eMedithera nase-European Atlantic, lapho kufundwa khona izinto ezifanayo nezinye izinhlobo ze-algae.
Ngokombono wezomnotho, ukususa amathani e-sargassum axutshwe nesihlabathi kanye nodoti kudinga imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yezokuthutha: umsebenzi onzima, imishini esindayo, uphethiloli, izindawo zokuqoqa kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukususwa ekungonakalisi imvelo (isibonelo, ngokususa isihlabathi esiningi kanye nolwelwe).
EWest Bay, ukuthunyelwa kuhlanganisa abasebenzi bakamasipala, abasebenzi bamahhotela kanye nezinkampani ezizimele ezinikezelwe ekwakheni nasekuphathweni kwemfucuza. Izindleko eziqondile zale misebenzi zengezwa ekulahlekelweni okuvela ekukhanselweni, ubusuku obuncishisiwe bokuhlala, izinguquko zendawo oya kuyo noma ukwehla kokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakalo ezixhumene nolwandle.
Imiphumela yezenhlalo nayo ibalulekile. Abaqondisi bokuntywila, abafundisi bezemidlalo zasemanzini, izitolo ezincane zezikhumbuzo, kanye nezindawo zokudlela endaweni babona amakhasimende abo ehla ngobusuku obubodwa. Emiphakathini ethembele kakhulu kwezokuvakasha, Usuku ngalunye ibhishi livaliwe lisho imali encane emindenini eminingi.
Isexwayiso ngekusasa kanye nesidingo sokuvimbela
Ngokuba UNgqongqoshe Wezokuvakasha waseHonduras, u-Andrés EhrlerOkwenzekile eWest Bay kuyinguquko enkulu. Isikhulu sikahulumeni sagcizelela ukuthi inkinga ye-sargassum ibeka lesi simo "ebalazweni" kwezepolitiki nakwezebhizinisi zesifunda nokuthi sidinga "ukusebenza ngendlela yokuvimbela" ingozi engasabhekwa njengeyingqayizivele.
Iziphathimandla ziyavuma ukuthi umphakathi noma umkhakha ozimele awuzange ngilungele ngokugcwele ubukhulu besiqephu Okuhlangenwe nakho eRoatán kugcizelela isidingo esiphuthumayo sezinhlelo zokuqapha eziqinile, izinqubo ezicacile zesenzo kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwamazinga ahlukene kahulumeni, kanye nezinsiza eziqinisekisiwe zokusabela ngokushesha lapho kutholakala ukugcwala okukhulu kokhula lwasolwandle.
Amasu okuzivumelanisa nezimo asebenza ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Esikhathini esifushane, ukuqapha kwesathelayithi kanye nokulandelela kwamanje kuvumela lindela ukufika kwezimbali ze-algae kanye nokuhlela ukuhlanza ngaphambi kokuba i-sargassum ifike ngobuningi ogwini. Esikhathini esiphakathi, kufundwa izithiyo ezintantayo, imikhumbi yokuqoqa olwandle oluvulekile, kanye namasu okuphatha amabhishi ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wemvelo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ochwepheshe abaningi bagcizelela ukuthi ushintsho lwangempela kumele lwenzeke endaweni eqinile: ukunciphisa ukungena kwezakhamzimba olwandleThuthukisa ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka, ulawule kangcono umanyolo wezolimo, futhi uthuthukise ukunciphisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinguquko zesakhiwo, baxwayisa, iGreat Sargassum Belt izoqhubeka nokukhula futhi izigameko ezifana nalezo eziseWest Bay zizokwanda kakhulu.
Lesi simo siphinde sivule ingxoxo mayelana nokusetshenziswa okungaba khona kwe-sargassum okunenzuzo. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo luhlola ukusetshenziswa kwayo ukusetshenziswa emikhakheni efana nezimonyo, ukudla kwezilwane, ezolimo, noma embonini yezemithiUkuguqula enye yale biomass ibe umthombo wezomnotho kungasiza ekunciphiseni izindleko zokususwa kwayo, uma nje kuqinisekiswa ukuphathwa okuphephile nokuqhubekayo.
Okwenzekayo ebhishi laseWest Bay ekugcineni kuyabonakalisa iqiniso elisha okufanele izindawo ezisogwini lwaseCaribbean zivumelane nalo Futhi, ngokwengeziwe, ezinye izindawo ezisogwini lwezivakashi emhlabeni wonke zisengozini enkulu yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ngakho-ke iRoatán iba yisifundo esifanelekile sabaphathi nabaqhubi baseYurophu, abaqaphela ngokucophelela indlela izimpendulo zendawo ezithuthukiswa ngayo enkingeni ehlanganisa isayensi, inqubomgomo yomphakathi, ezomnotho, kanye nokulondolozwa kolwandle.
Ukuvalwa kwesikhashana kweWest Bay ngenxa yokuhlasela kwe-sargassum akugcini nje ngokugqamisa umthelela oqondile walesi simo kwenye yezindawo ezivakashelwa kakhulu eRoatán, kodwa futhi kugcizelela ubuthakathaka bemodeli yezokuvakasha obusekelwe cishe ngokuphelele ogwini lolwandleNgenkathi imishini namabutho esebenza ngaphandle kwewashi ukuze asuse ikhilomitha logu lolwandle futhi abuyisele isimo esijwayelekile emahhotela nasemabhizinisini, abaphathi, izinkampani kanye nomphakathi wesayensi bayaqaphela ukuthi ukuphathwa kwe-sargassum, kusukela manje kuqhubeke, kuzoba yingxenye yenqubo yansuku zonke kwezokuvakasha kanye nokuhlela imvelo eCaribbean.
