UMfula iManzanares uphinde waba khona izilwane zezinhlanzi zomdabu eyayisinyamalele maphakathi nekhulu lama-20UMkhandlu Wedolobha laseMadrid ukhiphe amasampula angu-200. de peces endaweni ezungeze idamu laseMingorrubio, ngaphakathi kwesu elibanzi lokubuyiselwa kwemvelo kosebe lomfula iMadrid.
Ngalesi senzo, umkhandlu ufuna ukubuyisa izinhlobo zomlando ezifana ne-spined loach, i-chub, kanye ne-Iberian barbel, okwakungasekho amashumi eminyaka eMfuleni iManzanares ngenxa yokuwohloka kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukungcola, kanye nokucindezelwa okuvela izinhlobo ezihlaselayoLokhu kungenelela kuyingxenye yezinhlelo zikamasipala zokulondolozwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zemifula.
Ukufakwa kabusha kwezinhlanzi ezingu-200 endaweni yaseMingorrubio
Umbukiso wenzeke ngo- ingxenye yoMfula iManzanares eduze kwedamu laseMingorrubioAmasampula angu-200 akhishwe ngemuva kwesikhathi esifushane sokujwayela izinga lokushisa lamanzi. Ochwepheshe basebenzisa izitsha ezine-oxygen ukuze bazithuthe baye endaweni yokukhululwa futhi baqondisa yonke inqubo.
Ngokusho koMkhandlu Wedolobha, izinhlanzi zingeze- izinhlobo ezintathu zomdabu ezibhekwa njengezisengozini Futhi, endabeni ye-bermejuela, ibhalwe njengohlobo oluvikelwe. Lezi yizinhlobo ezaziyingxenye yesimiso semvelo somfula kwaze kwaba cishe maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, lapho izinguquko zemvelo kanye nokucindezelwa kwabantu ekugcineni kwaholela ekunyamalaleni kwazo eMfuleni iManzanares.
Ukukhetha iMingorrubio akuyona ingozi: izinsizakalo zikamasipala zikhombisile izindawo ezifanele kakhulu zokubuyiselwa Lokhu kuncike ekhwalithini yamanzi, isakhiwo semisele, izitshalo zasemanzini, kanye nokuba khona okulawulwayo kwezilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane kanye nezinhlobo ezingavamile. Umgomo ukwandisa amathuba okuthi kusungulwe izinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane.
Phakathi nemizuzu ngaphambi kokukhululwa, izitsha zazigcinwa emanzini omfula ukuze zivumele ukulungiswa kwezinga lokushisa kancane kancane, isinyathelo esibalulekile sokunciphisa ukucindezeleka nokuthuthukisa ukusinda kwamasampula endaweni yawo entsha yemvelo.
Izinhlobo ezintathu zezilwane ezisengozini ezibuyela emfuleni
Amasampula angu-200 akhishwe ahambisana izinhlobo ezintathu de peces uphawu lwemifula yeNhlonhlo yase-IberiaI-chub, i-bermejuela, kanye ne-colmilleja. Bonke babhekene nezinkinga zokulondolozwa kwemvelo ezihlobene, ngaphezu kwakho konke, nokuwohloka kwezindawo zemvelo zemifula.
El chub Iyinhlanzi enamandla, eyaziwa ngekhono layo lokuzivumelanisa nezingxenye ezahlukene zemifula. Ingaphila ezindaweni ezinezintaba kanye nasemifuleni ephakathi, ibekezelela ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, amazinga omoya-mpilo, kanye nesivinini samandla. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwemvelo kwenza kube uhlobo olubalulekile lokubuyiselwa kwebhalansi yoMfula iManzanares.
La i-bermejuela ebomvu Iyaziwa ngobukhulu bayo obuncane kanye nezidingo zayo ezikhethekile mayelana nekhwalithi yamanzi. Ngokuvamile ihlala ezindaweni ezijule kancane futhi ezimanzi kancane, idla izilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla kanye nezinto eziphilayo. Ukungcola, ukubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala, kanye nokuncintisana nezinhlobo ezihlaselayo kuye kunciphisa kakhulu inani lazo emifuleni eminingi yase-Iberian Peninsula.
Uhlobo lwesithathu, i-colmillejaItholakala eNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia futhi ithanda amanzi ahamba kancane anezihlabathi noma amatshe amancane kanye nezitshalo eziningi zasemanzini. Ukudla kwayo kufaka phakathi izibungu, izilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla, kanye nolwelwe, futhi inesikhathi sokuzala esihlala cishe kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Ukuba khona kwayo kuyinkomba enhle yempilo yezemvelo yomfula.
Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu, naphezu kokungafani kwazo, zifana ngokoqobo olufanayo: Bahlupheke kakhulu ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwemifulaYingakho ohulumeni bekhetha amaphrojekthi okuvuselela ahlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala nokuvuselelwa okukhethiwe kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kwesayensi.
Umsuka wamasampula kanye nokukhethwa kwezakhi zofuzo
Izinhlanzi ezibuyiselwe eMfuleni iManzanares zivela izindlela ezahlukene zomfula eMphakathini waseMadrid, ezikhethwe ngokusekelwe esimweni sazo sokulondolozwa kanye nokusondelana kwezakhi zofuzo nemiphakathi yasendulo yomfula iMadrid.
La i-bermejuela ebomvu Yatholakala eMfuleni iLozoya, umzila wamanzi osentabeni onezingxenye ezigcina izimo zemvelo zinhle. i-colmilleja Yathunjwa eMfuleni iGuadarrama, kuyilapho chub Ivela emfuleni iCanencia. Lezi zindawo zikhethwe ngenxa yokufana kwazo kwemvelo kanye nofuzo nezindawo ezazihlala eMfuleni iManzanares.
Ngemva kokuthwebula, wonke amasampula afakwa ngaphansi kwephrothokholi yokulawula eyayihlanganisa ukulinganisa, ukunqunywa kobulili kanye nokuhlonza umuntu ngamunyeLo msebenzi wokuqala uzosisiza ukuthi sihlole, esikhathini esimaphakathi neside, ukuvela kwezakhi zofuzo zabantu ababuyiselwe kanye nekhono labo lokuzivumelanisa nengxenye entsha yomfula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhethwa kwamasampula avela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesifunda kufuna ukugcina ukuhlukahluka okwanele kwezakhi zofuzo, isici esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu bayakwazi ukumelana nezinguquko zemvelo, izifo noma ezinye izingcindezi zesikhathi esizayo.
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaqembu asensimini kanye nabaphathi bezinhlelo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo kube yisihluthulelo Yonke inqubo yenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zesayensi.ukugwema ukufuduka okungafanele noma izingozi kubantu abanikelayo.
Ukujwayela kwangaphambili eViveros de la Villa WWTP
Ngaphambi kokuba zifakwe eMfuleni iManzanares, izinhlanzi zadlula enkathini ukujwayelana nesitshalo sokuhlanza amanzi angcolile (WWTP) saseViveros de la Villa, lapho amachibi athile amiswa khona ukuze agcinwe okwesikhashana.
Phakathi nalesi sigaba sokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ochwepheshe baqhubeka nokuqapha amasampula, belawula imingcele efana isimo sempilo, ukudla kanye nokuziphathaUmgomo kwakuwukwandisa amathuba okusinda ngemva kokukhululwa kwabo ogwini lomfula.
Imisebenzi elandelayo yenziwa nasemachibini ezitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile: ukuhlonza nokubhalisa inhlanzi ngayinyeLokhu kuzokwenza kube lula izifundo zesikhathi esizayo mayelana nokuvela kwalezi zinhlobo ezintsha endle. Lolu hlobo lokuqapha luvame kakhulu kumaphrojekthi okulondolozwa kwendawo, lapho ingxenye yomjikelezo wokuphila kwezinhlobo iphathwa ngaphandle kwendawo yazo yokuqala yokuhlala.
Lolu hlelo luyingxenye yohlelo lokulondolozwa kwemvelo lukamasipala, oluthi Kuhlanganisa ukuthuthukisa izenzo ngaphandle kwendawo yemvelo. ukukhiqiza izindawo zokugcina izakhi zofuzo futhi ube nezibonelo ezifanele ukubuyiselwa emifuleni nasemifudlaneni esezibuyisele izimo zemvelo ezisezingeni eliphansi.
Lapho lesi sikhathi sokujwayela sesiphelile futhi sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi izinhlanzi zisesimweni esihle, zahlelwa ukudluliselwa kwezitsha ezine-oxygen kuMingorrubioukuqinisekisa amazinga e-oxygen anele ngaso sonke isikhathi nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwezokuthutha.
Ukubuyiselwa kwemvelo koMfula iManzanares kanye nokulawulwa kwezinsongo
Ukubuyiselwa kwalezi zinhlanzi kuyingxenye ye- isu elibanzi lokuvuselela imvelo loMfula iManzanares Iqhutshwa yiMadrid City Council, le phrojekthi ayihlose nje ukubuyisela izinhlobo emfuleni, kodwa futhi nokuguqula izimo zemvelo ukuze izinhlobo zikwazi ukuziphilisa.
Phakathi kwezindlela zokusebenza, okulandelayo kuyaphawuleka: ngcono izinga lamanzi, ukuvuselelwa kwehlathi elisezindaweni eziseduze nolwandle, ukugcinwa kokugeleza kwemvelo kanye nezinyathelo ezahlukene zokuphatha ukunciphisa imiphumela yengqalasizinda yamanzi kanye nokunye ukusetshenziswa okunamandla komfula.
Esinye sezici ezikhathaza kakhulu ochwepheshe yi- ukuba khona kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo kanye nezinhlanzi ezingavamile ezidla ezinye izilwaneLezi zinhlobo zincintisana ngokudla, zishintsha izindawo zokuhlala, futhi zingaba yizisulu zezinhlobo zezilwane zasendaweni ezibuyiselwe. Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa imikhankaso ethile yokulawula ezigabeni ezikhethiwe.
Ezinye izinsongo ezifanele nazo zitholiwe: ukukhishwa kwamanzi kanye nama-aggregates, kanye nengqalasizinda ethile ye-hydraulic Lezi zinto ziphazamisa ukuxhumana kwemifula, zivimbela ukuhamba kwezinhlanzi, futhi zithinta izindawo zokuzalela. Lezi zingcindezi zinciphisa ikhono lezindawo zokuhlala ezihlala kuzo isikhathi eside.
Ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zingozi, izinsizakalo zikamasipala izindawo zokukhishwa ezikhethwe ngokucophelela futhi bahlele izinyathelo zokuqapha ezizobavumela ukuthi bahlole ukuvela kwemiphakathi emisha futhi balungise izenzo zesikhathi esizayo ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni etholakele.
Umfula onezinto eziphilayo eziningi onenani elikhulu lemvelo
Ukubuyiselwa kwezilwane zasendle eMfuleni iManzanares kuyingxenye yombono wesikhathi eside ofuna ukudala umfula wemvelo, ohlukahlukene futhi oqinile kuya ku izinguquko zemveloUkuba khona de peces Njengoba itholakala esifundeni, iyasiza ekulinganiseni kabusha uchungechunge lokudla futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwemvelo kwendawo ezungezile yomfula.
Lezi zenzo ziqinisa nendima yamaManzanares njenge umzila wemvelo ngaphakathi kwendawo yedolobha laseMadridukuxhumanisa izindawo ezahlukene eziluhlaza kanye nokwenza kube lula ukuhamba kwezinhlobo zezilwane eceleni komfula. Umfula onezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo uphinde unikeze amathuba okufundisa ngemvelo kanye nokuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwezakhamuzi nemvelo.
Iphrojekthi eyasungulwa eMingorrubio ijoyina eminye imizamo yokuvuselela imifula ekhuthazwa eSpain nasezingxenyeni ezahlukene zaseYurophu, lapho ukubuyiselwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesimo semvelo semifula Sezibe yizinto eziza kuqala ngaphakathi kwezinqubomgomo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo.
Nakuba ukubuyiselwa kwezinhlanzi ezingu-200 kungase kubonakale kuyisenzo esincane ngokwezibalo, izikhulu zedolobha zigcizelela ukuthi Ukubaluleka kwayo kusekhwalithini yezakhi zofuzo zamasampula., ekuqapheni okulandelayo kanye nasekushintsheni kokugxila ekuphathweni okuhlonipha kakhulu izinqubo zemvelo zomfula.
Ngokubuya kwe-spiny loach, i-chub kanye ne-bermejuela eMfuleni iManzanares, iMadrid ithatha elinye igxathu e- ukubuyiselwa kwefa lemvelo elalilahlekile ngekhulu lama-20, ukuthembela ezindinganisweni zesayensi, izinyathelo zokulawula usongo kanye nokuhlela okuhlanganisa ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ekuphathweni komfula nsuku zonke.
