Ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo zikashaka, i- I-tiger shark ingenye ethandwa kakhulu. Ingenye yezinhlobo ezifundwa kakhulu futhi enolwazi oluthe xaxa kanye nezikhulu Ushaka omhlophe. Kuningi okwaziwayo ngazo zonke izici zayo, indlela yokuziphatha kanye nendlela yayo yokuphila.
Kulesi sihloko sizokwenza yifundisise ngokujula ukuze ukwazi ukukunikeza lonke ulwazi okungenzeka ngaye.
Izici eziyinhloko
Uma sikhuluma nge-tiger shark, sibhekisela kulolu hlobo oluyingxenye yohlu I-Galeocerdo. Yaziwa nangegama elivamile lengwe yasolwandle. Umndeni wayo I-Carcharhinidae futhi yi ummeleli ophilayo kuphela yohlobo lwayo. Kusobala ukuthi leli gama libangelwa ukufana kwalo nengwe: lapho isencane, ngemuva ngokuvamile kuvame ukumbozwa imivimbo emnyama ingikhumbuza leyo feline.
Le mithende iyanyamalala futhi igcine isinyamalala njengoba ikhula ibe ngabantu abadala. Ingwe ushaka a umhlaseli ophezulu. Indima yayo ekulinganiseni yemvelo lapho ihlala khona ibalulekile: ikhawulela ukuchichima kwezilwane ezizimbiwayo, ivimbela izilwane ezidla uhlaza zasolwandle ekucekeleni phansi izimfunda zasolwandle, futhi inciphisa ukusabalala kwezifo ngokudla abantu ababuthakathaka noma inyama efile.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke okungenhla, kubhekwa njengenye ye oshaka abakhulu (ngaphandle ushaka whale). Inomzimba oqinile, i- dorsal fin ephakeme kanye a i-heterocercal caudal fin ene-lobe ephezulu ende, isici esijwayelekile sama-carcharhinids.
Ngokombono taxonomic, ilingana kanje:
- I-oda: I-Carcharhiniformes (oshaka abane-nictitating membrane kanye nama-gill slits amahlanu)
- Umndeni: I-Carcharhinidae
- Ubulili: I-Galeocerdo
- Izinhlobo: I-Galeocerdo cuvier
Descripción
Sithole isilwane esinosayizi phakathi 3 namamitha ayi-4,5 ngobude. Ezinye izifanekiso zingadlula kalula Amamitha angu-5 futhi ufinyelele izisindo eziphakeme kakhulu; kunemibiko ehlukile yobude obukhulu, nakuba ububanzi obujwayelekile bumaphakathi. Njengoba ubona, iyisilwane esikhulu futhi esinye sezikhulu kunazo zonke ezikhona. Umbala wayo mhlophe endaweni ye-ventral kanye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza ngemuva (futhi okuluhlaza okotshani), iphethini ye i-backlight noma i-backshadow okufihla ushaka: kubonakala phezulu kuhlangana nobumnyama baphansi futhi, kubonakala ngaphansi, isisu sakhe esikhanyayo sihlangana nokukhanya okungaphezulu.
Ngemuva kunemigqa eyenza ibukeke njengengwe uma isencane. Kamuva, njengoba zikhula, zilahlekile. Ikhanda layo elimise okwentshinyela futhi ikhala eliyisicaba livumela ukuphenduka okusheshayo kwezinhlangothi. Ihlanganisa a umlomo obanzi, i-parabolic in shape, enemigoqo ye-labial ethuthukisiwe. Imihlathi yazo iqine kakhulu futhi ekwazi ukuchoboza ngisho igobolondo lofudu. Amazinyo, amakhulu futhi aqinile sawn, zenzelwe ukusika nokuklebhula; uma belahlekile ngesikhathi sokuzingela, ashintshwa njalo emigqeni emisha.
Ngokuqondene nezinzwa, ushaka we-tiger unguchwepheshe. Ine I-Lorenzini ampoules (ama-electroreceptors empumulweni) ukuze abone izindawo zikagesi ezibuthakathaka zempango yazo kanye umugqa oseceleni ethwebula ukundindizela nokunyakaza emanzini. Ine ulwelwesi oluchazayo evikela iso lapho ihlasela futhi a i-tapetum lucidum okuthuthukisa ukubona ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi, izici ezithanda umsebenzi wayo wasebusuku.
Ukuma kwekhanda layo kuyisicaba impela, cishe kuwunxande. I-silhouette yayo igqamisa a ubude, uphiko lomhlana olucijile, amaphiko e-pectoral abanzi, amise okwesikela, kanye nephiko le-caudal elinelobe ephezulu ethuthuke kakhudlwana. Sekukonke, umzimba uqinile futhi ubheke ngasemsileni, okwenza kube ngcono i-hydrodynamics.
Ngokuqondene nokubona nokuhogela, inomthamo omkhulu wokuthola inyamazane kanye azihogele ekude. Lokhu kuyenza ibe isilwane esizingelayo esesatshwayo ezilwaneni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, yenza umsebenzi obalulekile we- ibhalansi ye-ecosystems lapho okwenzeka khona.
Ikhono lokushintsha amazinyo lilungele ukudambisa izinkinga ezibangelwa izinyembezi namazinyo aphukile. Njengabanye oshaka, iyakwazi thola inkambu kagesi ngenxa yezitho zayo zezinzwa. Ukuziphatha kwalesi silwane kakhulu Uwedwa futhi ngokuvamile isebenza kakhulu ebusuku. Ngokuvamile, yayo iminyaka yokuphila icishe ibe amashumi amahlanu eminyaka.
Indawo yokuhlala nokondla i-tiger shark
Oshaka be-tiger ngokuvamile bahlala emanzini emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba bekwazi ukuchuma ezindaweni ezahlukene, Bakhetha izindawo ezishisayo nezishisayo ngenxa yokufudumala kwamanzi.
Izindawo ezinobukhona obukhulu kakhulu zihlanganisa I-Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, the Bahamas, Iziqhingi zaseCanary, ingxenye enhle ye I-Indian Ocean, the I-Western Pacific kanye nendawo emaphakathi (isibonelo Japan, Indonesia, Australia, I-New Zealand, IHawaii, Iziqhingi zaseGalapagos) kanye nemikhakha epholile yasentshonalanga ye-Atlantic. EMedithera ubukhona bayo bukhona okukhethekile futhi ihlotshaniswa nanoma yisiphi isimo nokungena ngezikhathi ezithile kusuka e-Atlantic ezindaweni eziseduze ne-straits.
I-tiger shark ihamba kakhulu endaweni Ipulatifomu yezwekazi kanye namanzi asogwini, ukusuka ezindaweni zokutshuza kuya ezindaweni ezingashoni, ngokukhetha izindawo lapho ukukhiqiza kuphezulu, njenge izixhobo ezingashoni, imilomo yemifula, amachweba namashaneli. Nakuba kuvamile phakathi kwe-surface kanye ne- 191 m ukujula, ingakwazi ukutshuza ngokujulile uma izimo zivuma. Ilawula yayo ubuhle ukugwinya umoya nokuwugcina esiswini, okuwusiza ukuba ulondoloze izikhundla kukholomu yamanzi ngokusetshenziswa kwezindleko zamandla amancane.
Mayelana nokudla kwakhe, akaphikisi uma kuziwa ekudleni: u-a inyamazane engosomathuba ngokudla okubanzi phakathi koshaka abakhulu. Abantu abayona ingxenye yokudla kwabo okuvamile.
Phakathi kokudla ajwayele ukujwayele ukukujwayela kukho: izinhlanzi ezinamathambo, ama-squid, ama-crustaceans, ingwane, ama-lobster, imisebe nezinyoni. Uma izimo ziyidinga, ingadla abanye oshaka. Ngokuvamile kudla izimfudu zasolwandle, igobolondo layo elingakwazi ukumelana namandla ahlanganisiwe amazinyo ayo ahlukene kanye namandla e-mandibular. Kuyasiza futhi ingcuba zezilwane ezinkulu zasolwandle uma zitholakala, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukunqwabelana kwezinsalela ku-ecosystem.
Ukuzingela kwabo impumelelo kusekelwe isimanga kanye nendlela esuka ngezansi, ethandwa ukucasha kwayo. Ivamise ukuzingela ebusuku, lapho izinga lokuhlangana kwayo nenyamazane likhuphuka. Uma inyamazane ibona usongo, ingase ibalekele emifantwini noma ezindaweni eziwumngcingo lapho ushaka, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, eba nobunzima bokuhamba. Kwesinye isikhathi, yenza a identification bite ukuhlola inani lokudla okunomsoco wenyamazane ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi iyidle yini.
Nakuba ingenye yezinhlobo ezinenani eliphakeme kakhulu lezehlakalo ezibhaliwe nabantu, ezifana necala le inkunzi ushaka, the ubungozi bomuntu ngamunye buphansiIvamise ukuvakashela izindawo ezisogwini ezikhiqizayo, okwandisa amathuba okuhlangana, kodwa ukusebenzelana okuningi akuholeli ekuhlaselweni, futhi uma kwenzeka, akuvamile ukuthi kubulawe.
Ukuzala
Lesi silwane sizalana ngendlela i-ovoviviparousOkusho ukuthi, zithwala amazinyane azo ngaphakathi, kodwa zigoqwe ngeqanda. Iqanda liyachamisela ngaphakathi ukuze kuvele umuntu omusha. Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, kufanele bafinyelele ukuvuthwa ngokobulili. Eyeduna ingafinyelela kuyo cishe eminyakeni eyi-7 ubudala. ngenkathi i- abesifazane Benza kanjalo ngemva kwesikhashana. Lo mehluko wesikhathi ujwayelekile koshaka abaphila isikhathi eside, abakhula kancane.
Iqiniso elivame ukufunwa yinoma ngubani ofunda ngalab shark ukuthi ukukhwelana kwenzeka cishe kuphela njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Nokho, Insikazi ngayinye ingaba nabantwana abaphakathi kuka-30 no-50, futhi ezimeni ezihlukile kurekhodiwe ama-clutch amakhulu. Encane ingase ihlale emzimbeni kamama kuze kube Izinyanga ze-16. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zilinganisa nxazonke 60-75 cm futhi bazimele kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, iduna libamba insikazi ngokulunywa okulawulwayo, ukuziphatha okuvamile koshaka. Kucatshangwa ukuthi abesifazane basebenzisa izindawo zokuzalanisa izindawo ezisogwini nezivikelekile (amatheku, izizalo zemifula) lapho zizalela khona, lapho amaphuphu ethola ukudla okwengeziwe kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye ezimbalwa. Ukukhula kuhamba kancane, futhi ukuvuthwa ngokomzimba kungase kwenzeke ngaphambi kokuvuthwa ngokocansi, okwakamuva kusungulwa lapho abesilisa bebalelwa ku-2,2 m ubude nabesifazane bangama-2,6 m ubude, ngokuhlukahluka kwesifunda.
Ukuziphatha kanye nendlela yokuphila
Ingwe ushaka inhlanzi eyedwa futhi ikakhulukazi ebusuku elizulazula ezindaweni ezinkulu lifuna amathuba okuphakela ukudla. Kwenza ukunyakaza okukhulu ngasogwini, nge ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile okuthonywa izinga lokushisa, ukutholakala kwezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nemijikelezo yokuzala.
Ujwayele ukubhukuda ku-a ime kancane eduze naphansi, kodwa kuvamile ukuzibona phakathi kwamanzi noma ngaphezulu, ikakhulukazi ekuseni nakusihlwa. Abanye abantu bahlala bethembekile ezindaweni ezithile ezikhiqizayo, kuyilapho abanye behamba amabanga amade phakathi kwezindawo zokudla nezokuzalela.
Nakuba ukuziphatha kwayo kukodwa, ingaqoqana ndawonye ibe yi-a yesikhashana lapho kunemithombo yokudla emikhulu, njenge-cetacean carrion. Kulezi zenzakalo, a finyelela ukulandelana kwezigaba ngokusekelwe kusayizi, okubekwe kuqala kubantu abadala, okunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokulimala.
Ukubekezelela kwayo usawoti ohlukahlukene kuyivumela ukuthi ingene imilomo yemifula kanye nezindawo ezinomsoco ogcwele izakhamzimba, lapho inyamazane igcwele khona. Le pulasitiki yemvelo ichaza ukusabalaliswa kwawo okubanzi nokuba khona njalo ezindaweni eziguquguqukayo zasogwini.
Ukongiwa kanye nobudlelwano nabantu
I-tiger shark ihlukaniswa ngokuthi I-Near Threatened (IUCN) ngenxa yengcindezi yokudoba okuhlosiwe nangengozi. Ibanjwa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama, ukukhishwa kwe amafutha esibindi kanye neyakhe amaphikoNakuba lezi zinhlobo zibonisa ukuqina okuthile ngenxa yokusabalalisa kwayo okubanzi, yayo izinga lokuzala eliphansi kwenza kube sengozini yokuxhashazwa ngokweqile.
Izinyathelo zenziwe ezifundeni ezahlukene ukuphathwa kwezokudoba, izinkathi ezivaliwe, amasayizi amancane, ukukhululwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nezinhlelo ukumaka nokulandelela ezisiza ukuqonda ukunyakaza kwazo nokunciphisa ukubamba ngengozi. I-ecotourism enesibopho ezindaweni ezifana nezixhobo ezishisayo ibonise ukuthi ushaka we-tiger uyakwazi philisana ngemisebenzi yabantu uma imikhuba emihle ihlonishwa.
Yehlisa ingozi ukuhlangana okungajwayelekile kufaka phakathi izincomo eziyisisekelo:
- Ungaphakeli oshaka noma bahlanganyele emikhubeni ebabekela ukuthi bahlobanise abantu nokudla.
- Gwema ukubhukuda amachweba kusukela emifuleni, emanzini aludaka noma ezindaweni lapho kukhona izinsalela zokudoba.
- Ungazihlukanisi: eqenjini, ubungozi buyancipha futhi ukubonakala kweqoqo kuyathuthukiswa.
- Hlonipha izilwane, uzigcine ibanga kanye nokugwema ukunyakaza okungazelelwe uma umuntu ebonwa.
I-tiger shark, naphezu kwedumela layo, ine- izinga eliphansi lokuluma maqondana nenani elikhulu labantu abasebenzisa amabhishi nsuku zonke futhi bazibandakanye nemidlalo yasemanzini ebangeni labo. Isihluthulelo siwukuqonda imvelo yabo futhi senze ngomqondo ophusile.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngaloshaka ohlaba umxhwele. Ukwazi kwayo izici ze-anatomical, it i-wide trophic repertoire, the izindawo zokuhlala lokho kuthatha nokuthi kunjani ukukhiqiza Kusisiza ukuba sikujabulele ngesilinganiso saso sangempela: umhlaseli obalulekile obalulekile empilweni yolwandle, ophethwe kahle futhi ohlonishwayo, ongahlala nathi ngaphandle kokungqubuzana.
