Okusanda kutholwa ogwini lwase-Japan kuguqule lokho okwakwaziwa mayelana nokuvela kwezilwane zasolwandle ezikhathini zasendulo. Ithimba lezazi zemivubukulo yaseNyuvesi yaseHokkaido likwazile ukuvundulula imikhondo yemfucumfucu ebifihlwe izigidi zeminyaka, ikhanyisela indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa ingwane olwandle ngesikhathi seCretaceousUcwaningo, olushicilelwe kujenali Isayensi, isebenzisa amasu amasha futhi inikeza idatha ethakazelisayo ngobuningi nokuhlukahluka kwalezi zilwane, manje ezibhekwa njengababusi beqiniso bezilwandle esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba sicabange.
Kuze kube muva nje, bekukholelwa ukuthi I-squid yafinyelela inani eliphakeme kuphela ngemva kokunyamalala kwama-dinosaurs. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi lawa ma-cephalopod ayesevele engabalingiswa basolwandle kudala. cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-100, ethuthukayo futhi ehlukahlukene ngaphambi kwalokho okwaboniswa imibhalo yasendulo.
Amadwala anezimfihlo: ukutholakala okushintsha yonke into
Isiqalo salokhu kutholakala okumangazayo kwakuyitshe letshe elivela e-Upper Cretaceous, elitholwe ezinhlakeni zasogwini lwaseJapane. Siyabonga ku-a ubuchwepheshe bezimayini zedijithali —inqubo ehilela ukuhlanganisa ungqimba lwedwala ngongqimba kanye nokuskena ingaphakathi lalo ngokucaca okuphakeme—, ososayensi bathola cishe imilomo ye-cephalopod ecishe ibe yi-1.000 Sisesimweni esiphelele. Le milomo, efana nezingwegwe ezincane ezigobile, iyingxenye ye-squid ekwazi ukumelana kakhulu futhi inikeza iwindi elingcono kakhulu lesikhathi sazo esidlule.
Phakathi kwazo zonke lezi zinsalela, abacwaningi babona okungenani amakhophi angama-263 yengwane ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40 ezazingaziwa nhlobo kuze kube manje. Ubukhulu bamanye alawa ma-squid babonakala bumangalisa kangangokuthi Ayezidlula ngisho nezinhlanzi nama-ammonite ngamanani ababehlala nabo, ngaleyo ndlela bashintsha umqondo wokuthi ubani owayeyinkosi yeqiniso yezilwandle zaseMesozoic.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe i-tomography ye-abrasion kube ukhiye kule mpumelelo. Siyabonga ngakho, yonke imininingwane yezinsalela yenziwe idijithali futhi yakhiwa kabusha ku-3D ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ulwazi, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kwezifundo ze-paleontological. Le ndlela ivumela ukuhlaziya ama-microfossil abuthakathaka, okungenakwenzeka ukutadisha ngezindlela ezivamile zokusika noma zokuhlukanisa.
Izingwane emlandweni wasolwandle wokuziphendukela kwemvelo
Iziphetho zocwaningo zidlulela ngalé kwencazelo elula yezinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane. inani nobukhulu be-squid ekhonjiwe kubonisa ukuthi lezi zilwane zase zizuze ukuhlukahluka okuphawulekayo futhi zibusa amaketanga okudla kudala ngaphambi kokuba kulindelwe. Ngokusho kwababhali, Lawa ma-squid ayengagcini nje ngobuningi, kodwa futhi nezilwane ezidla ezinye zasolwandle olwandle lwase-Japan lasendulo, ibeka ngemuva ama-ammonite adumile angaleso sikhathi kanye nezinhlanzi ezinamathambo.
Ucwaningo luphinde lwavumela ukutholwa kokuba khona kwe amaqembu amabili ayinhloko squid zamanje: labo abavela emanzini asogwini (Myopsida) nalabo abavela olwandle oluvulekile (Oegopsida). Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukushiswa kwemisebe nokuhlukahluka kwalezi zilwane kwaqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi kakhulu kunokwamukelwa ngaphambilini, ngaleyo ndlela kubhala kabusha umlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wama-cephalopods.
Enye incazelo yokuthi kungani la ma-squid engaziwa isikhathi eside kangaka isemizimbeni yawo ethambile, engavamile ukuba nezinsalela zamathambo. Nokho, imilomo yazo—izakhiwo eziqinile—imelela okuthile okubalulekile, okusivumela ukuba sakhe kabusha ukuhlukahluka kwazo nendima yazo emvelweni ezikhathini zasendulo. Kuze kube yilokhu kutholakala, kwakunoqhwaku olulodwa kuphela lwasendulo olwalubonakala ngokucacile., ngakho ukutholakala okusha kumelela intuthuko ebalulekile olwazini ngalezi zilwane ezingenamgogodla.