Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, ukufuywa kwezinhlanzi kuye kwavezwa njengesixazululo esihle sokondla iplanethi ngaphandle kokuqeda ulwandle. Kodwa-ke, iqiniso le-salmon efuywayo liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu: Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kuncike kakhulu kufulawa wezinhlanzi kanye namafutha ezinhlanzi atholakalayo de peces zasendleLokhu kudala impikiswano ngemvelo. Okwamanje, imboni ifuna ezinye izindlela zobuchwepheshe zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa umthelela emvelweni, kuyilapho ibhekene nokungezwani kwezohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
ESpain, umkhiqizi omkhulu wezolimo zasemanzini e-European Union, ukusetshenziswa kwe-salmon efuywayo kuphezulu, kodwa ukudla okuningi kwezinhlanzi okusetshenziswa emapulazini ezinhlanzi kuvela kwamanye amazwe . Lokhu kuncika, kanye nentela yakamuva ebekwe yi-United States ku-salmon yaseChile, kugcizelela izinselele ezibhekene nomkhakha okumele ulinganisele isidingo somhlaba wonke kanye nokusimama.
Indida ye-fishmeal
I-salmon efuywayo kungenzeka ukuthi idle izinhlanzi zasendle ezingaphezu kwesisindo sayo esiphindwe kasithupha ngesikhathi ikhula , ngokusho kocwaningo oluvela kuphrojekthi ye-Sea Around Us. Lokhu kuphikisana kuphikisa impikiswano yokuthi ukufuywa kwezinhlanzi kunciphisa ingcindezi olwandle. Imboni yomhlaba wonke yezinhlanzi ebiza izigidigidi zamaRandi iphambukisa izinhlobo ezazikade zondla imiphakathi yasendaweni emazweni afana neGambia neMauritania ukuze zondle izigayo zokufuywa kwezinhlanzi zamazwe ngamazwe. ESpain, izinhlobo ezifana ne-sea bass kanye ne-gilthead seabream zithembele kulokhu kudla okungenisiwe, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwendawo nochungechunge lomhlaba wonke lwemiphumela yemvelo kanye nezenhlalo.
I-Outlaw Ocean Project ichithe iminyaka emibili ibhala phansi imiphumela yale mboni, iqokomisa izinkinga zabasebenzi kanye nokungcola ezindaweni zokucubungula eNdiya, ePeru, naseNtshonalanga Afrika. Abathengisi abakhulu abanjengoCarrefour sebevele bamemezele ukubuyekezwa kwezindlela zabo zokuhlinzeka ngokuphendula lezi zinsolo. Okwamanje, i-International Fishmeal and Fish Oil Association (IFFO) ivikela ukusebenza kahle kokufuywa kwezinhlanzi kodwa iyavuma isidingo sokuhlola ezinye izindlela ezifana nolwelwe, izinambuzane, noma amaprotheni avela kumagciwane amancane.
Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe ukuze kukhiqizwe kahle
Njengoba ibhekene nalezi zinselele, ubuchwepheshe bunikeza izixazululo. I-Oxzo, inkampani esebenza eNorway, eChile naseCanada, ithuthukise ipulatifomu ye-AIR MAR, ehlanganisa ukukhiqizwa komoya kanye nokuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo ohlelweni olulodwa. Lolu hlelo luvumela ukushintshashintsha okuzenzakalelayo phakathi komoya nomoya-mpilo kuye ngezimo zasepulazini lezinhlanzi , ngaphandle kokuphazamisa inqubo. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Aquabench, amapulazi asebenza nalezi zinsizakalo aqophe ukwehla okungu-24% ekufeni kwe-salmon , kanye nokwanda kwezifo kanye nokukhula okwandisiwe.
EChile, inkampani ibika ukwanda okungu-15% ekuvunweni kwe-biomass kanye nokwehla okungu-5% kwezindleko zokukhiqiza, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okuphansi kokudla kanye nemithi. Ipulatifomu isebenza ngokuzimela amahora angu-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngesonto futhi ifaka ukuqapha nokunikeza ukudla okukude ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufuywa kwe-salmon , kuncishiswe ukungenelela ngesandla. Lobu buchwepheshe, obuvele busetshenziswa eNorway, bungaba yisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwamapulazi ezinhlanzi aseYurophu, kufaka phakathi lawo aseSpain.
Ukungezwani kwezohwebo kanye nomthelela wazo emakethe
Umkhakha we-salmon ofuywayo nawo ubhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu emkhakheni wezohwebo. I-United States ibeke intela eyengeziwe engu-12,5% ​​emikhiqizweni yaseChile, okuhlanganisa ne-salmon, ngemuva kophenyo mayelana nomsebenzi ophoqelelwe osolwayo. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-salmon yaseChile e-US kufinyelele ku-$2.600 billion ngonyaka odlule , kanti umthelela olinganiselwayo wesilinganiso usukela ku-$300 million kuya ku-$500 million, ngokusho kweSalmonChile. Nakuba lesi sinqumo singamangaleli iChile ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi ophoqelelwe ekukhiqizeni, sikhomba ukuntuleka kokulawulwa kokungeniswa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe.
ESpain, engenisa inani elikhulu le-salmon elifuywayo, lesi simo singathinta amanani kanye nokutholakala komkhiqizo. I-Chile ingumhlinzeki oyinhloko we-salmon emakethe yaseYurophu , futhi noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka ekuhwebeni kwayo ne-United States kungadlulisela ukugeleza kwayo eYurophu. Okwamanje, izingxoxo ziyaqhubeka: Iphini Lommeleli Wezohwebo wase-US kulindeleke ukuthi livakashele eSantiago ekupheleni kuka-Agasti ukuze lifune ikhambi.
Ukufuya i-salmon efuywayo kusenkingeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthembela kwayo ekudleni kwezinhlanzi kusalokhu kungumthwalo ekuqhubekeni kwayo, yize kucwaningwa ezinye izindlela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokufaka umoya-mpilo ohlakaniphile zithembisa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa ukufa. Futhi ohlangothini lwezentengiselwano, intela yase-US yengeza ukungaqiniseki emakethe yomhlaba wonke. Kubathengi baseYurophu, ukuqonda lezi zinguquko kubalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi, kuyilapho imboni ifuna ibhalansi phakathi kokukhiqiza, umthwalo wemfanelo wezemvelo, kanye nokuphila kahle kwezomnotho.
