El I-Gramma loreto Ingenye yezinhlanzi ezimibalabala kakhulu ngoba iyamangalisa futhi iyakhanya. Igama layo elivamile i-granny fish, futhi ingeyeqembu le-Gramma. Lezi zinhlanzi zikhethwa abathanda i-aquarium encane ngoba zivame ukunyakaza kancane futhi zidinga indawo encane. Lokhu kubenza balungele abasaqalayo. kusuka emhlabeni wama-aquariums.
Uma ungumuntu osemusha onakekela izinhlanzi, kulokhu okuthunyelwe ungafunda konke okuphathelene ne- I-Gramma loreto.
Okuvamile
Lezi zinhlanzi zidume kakhulu ngezazo ukumelana okukhulu nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezindaweni. Nakuba zibhekwa ezolile nezinhlobo ezihambisanayo, Azikho izinhlanzi ezikulungele ukuhlala nama-conspecifics. noma ngezinhlanzi zokubukeka nobukhulu obufanayo, njengoba zingaba yindawo. Uma sifuna ukuzethula ngezinye izinhlanzi, Laba kufanele kube abokugcina ukungena ethangini lezinhlanzi. Ngale ndlela ngeke kube indawo yabo futhi ngeke babe nokuziphatha okunolaka.
Endalweni singahlangana kulo lonke uLwandle lweCaribbean ekujuleni phakathi kwemitha eli-1 nelingama-40Bahlala emigodini yamakhorali, emigodini nasemifantwini yamadwala, lapho bephawula indawo yabo ukuze bavimbele ukuthi ingangenwa ezinye izinhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba behamba kancane, ngokuvamile uchitha cishe usuku lonke kulezi zindawo. Endaweni yemvelo bangakha ama-aggregations amaningi, inqwaba yabantu, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zezixhobo ezineziphephelo eziningi.
Isuka endaweni eshisayo esentshonalanga ye-Atlantic (Bahamas, Bermuda, Antilles nasenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika). Kuwuhlobo oluthile i-reef-friendly ngokugcwele, ngaphandle kwengozi yamakhorali noma izilwane ezingenamgogodla, futhi yaziswa ngobuntu bayo obuzolile lapho ihlala nezinhlanzi ezingenalo ulaka.
Umniningwane owodwa okufanele ucatshangelwe yiwo ukuthambekela kokugxuma lapho wesaba noma ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokwethulwa. Kuyafaneleka vala i-aquarium ngesivalo noma anezikhala ezincane ukuvimbela ukuvuza.
Phakathi kwezinto ezikhangayo sithola ukuthi wuhlobo olumele omunye wabalingisi befilimu ethi Finding Nemo.
Izici zeGramma Loreto
Umzimba wayo ucishe ube yi-cylindrical ngesisu esicabalele. Isinye sazo sokubhukuda sincane maqondana nobukhulu bazo, amandla abo okubhukuda anqunyelwe. Ngokuvamile zintanta eduze kwamakhorali futhi bacashe emifantwini kusukela emadwaleni. Ngalesi sizathu, azidingi isivinini esikhulu ukuze zibaleke izilwane ezidla ezinye, kodwa kunalokho zidinga izindawo zokukhosela eziseduze.
Anamafins anosayizi omaphakathi futhi athuthuke kahle. Bazacile futhi ukunyakaza okuguquguqukayoImisipha ye-back and pectoral area ithuthuke kakhudlwana, evumela ukuthi yenze ukusheshisa okufushane ukungena ngokushesha ezindaweni zabo zokucasha. Kudinga umzamo ukuze zihlale zibhukuda phakathi nekholomu yamanzi isikhathi eside, ngakho zincamela ukuzulazula emasimini nasemaceleni aso.
Umlomo wakhe ngokusobala mncane, kodwa ingavulwa kabanzi ukubamba inyamazane enkulu uma iqhathaniswa nomzimba wayo. Inamazinyo amancane angaphambili. I-livery yayo i-bichromatic, iyabukisa kakhulu, futhi iqukethe ingxenye eyodwa yobunsomi nenye ibephuzi: indawo engaphambili kakhulu inobunsomi kanye nephuzi ngemuva, noshintsho oluthi G. Loreto ngokuvamile iyaziswa gxuma nge-flake (ichashazi), esiza ukulihlukanisa nalo I-Gramma brasiliensis, okushintsha kwayo kusakazeke kakhulu. Iveza a umugqa omnyama phezu kweso kanye nechashaza elincane elimnyama phansi kwe-dorsal fin kwezinye izifanekiso. Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, amaphiko e-pectoral awanawo umbala.
Ayikho i-dimorphism yocansi ebonakalayo, kodwa ezibonelweni zabantu abadala zingabonakala umehluko omncane: Abesilisa bavame ukuba bakhudlwana, babe namaphiko amade kancane aphuma emlonyeni kanye nezindawo ezinsomi ezigqame kakhulu kuphiko lwendunu; kwabesifazane, i-anal fin ingaba phuzi kakhulu. Lo mehluko awuthembekile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengamanye ama-perciformes, bangakwazi ukulungisa ubulili babo ngokwenhlalo uma engekho umlingani ohambisanayo.
Usayizi ojwayelekile ungama-7 cm eside, nabesilisa eziqinile ezingafinyelela ngandlela-thile ngaphezulu, futhi yabo isikhathi sokuphila Isesimweni esihle iseduze Iminyaka engu-5-6.
Izidingo I-Gramma loreto kuma-aquariums
Uma sifuna ukugcina lezi zinhlanzi ziboshiwe, kufanele sazi ukuthi izidingo ezithile kufanele zihlangatshezwe. Abafuni kakhulu mayelana nobukhulu be-aquarium yesifanekiso, kodwa kuhle ukuhlela ngendlela efanele. Ngokunikezwa ukuhamba kwabo okulinganiselwe, bangahlala ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini acwebile, noma kunjalo indawo nobunkimbinkimbi bedwala eliphilayo bathuthukise inhlalakahle yabo futhi banciphise ukucindezeleka.
I-aquarium kufanele ihlotshiswe ngayo izakhiwo zamadwala anemifantu lapho engacasha khona. Umthamo we-aquarium wanele ukumumatha 50 amalitha isifanekiso ngasinye Uma kuyithangi elivuthiwe elinezindawo eziningi zokucasha. Uma inezindawo zokukhosela eziningi, ingakwazi ngisho ukuzivumelanisa nethangi elingu-20 litre, nakuba ihlakaniphe kakhulu. kusuka ku-80-100 amalitha ukuze uthole isibonelo esiyingqayizivele se-nano reef. Okwezithandani ezizinzile ukuthi uhambe kahle, ithangi elingu-150 litre Okutuseka kakhulu, futhi uma ufuna ukugcina iqembu elincane, 200-300 amalitha enezindawo eziningi kanye nemigqa yokubona ephazamisekile.
Uma nje kugcinwa izimbobo eziningi zamadwala nemifantu lezi zinhlanzi zizoba sesimweni esihle. Uma kukhona ezinye izinhlobo, i- I-Gramma loreto kungaba mba umgodi omncane ku-substrate eduze nomhume wabo ukumaka indawo yabo. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa isihlabathi kahle futhi ngaphandle kwemiphetho ukugwema ukuhushulwa.
Ngokuqondene namanzi, badinga ukuba kube njalo inyakaze kahle futhi isakazwa emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka isihlungi esihle se-skimmer ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana kwemikhiqizo enobuthi. Isihlabathi kufanele sibe kahle futhi singabi nemiphetho ebukhali. Ukuminyana kufanele kugcinwe phakathi I-1.020 ne-1.025 kanye nezinga lokushisa phakathi 24 kanye no-28 ºC. Khumbula ukuthi indawo yemvelo yiCaribbean. Amanzi akhona afudumele, ngakho kuye ngendawo yethu, kuyodingeka Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhle ukuqapha imingcele ye-reef uqobo: pH 8,1-8,4, i-alkalinity (dKH) 8-12, i-calcium 400-450 mg/L y i-magnesium 1250-1350 mg/L. Gcina ama-phosphates angaphansi kuka-0,05 mg/L isiza ukuvimbela ulwelwe futhi ithuthukise impilo yesistimu iyonke.
Kubalulekile ukuthi i-nitrites ne-ammonia ungalokothi ube khona, njengoba bengababekezeleli, futhi lokho ama-nitrate ungalokothi udlule i 10 ppm. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinganele zokunakekelwa (imingcele ephambukile, amanani aphezulu e-nitrogen, ukuhlukahluka okungazelelwe, njll.) athambekele kakhulu ekutholeni zonke izinhlobo zezifo, njengo-Oodinium (isifo se-velvet) kanye I-Cryptocaryon (ibala elimhlophe lasolwandle), okubangela izinhlekelele zangempela ezinhlobonhlobo zale mindeni. i-quarantine yokuvimbela kwezinhlanzi ezintsha kanye nokujwayela ama-drip kunciphisa kakhulu ubungozi.
Ukukhanyisa kanye namanje: bakhetha izindawo zokuhlwa nemigede enamanje abezindaba. Ukukhanyisa okuningi okukhanyayo ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela kungabacindezela. Mboza i-aquarium, ikakhulukazi phakathi nesonto lokuqala, ngenxa yayo ikhono lokugxuma.
Ukondla izinhlanzi zikagogo
Ngokuvamile abavezi izinkinga zokudla lapho bevalelwe. Kutuswa ukubanika okuthile phila inyamazane ngezinsuku zabo zokuqala njengoba bengaba njalo Ama-Amphipods kanye nama-CopepodsLezi zinhlobo zitholakala kakhulu emadwaleni aphilayo, zivuselela indawo yazo yokudla yemvelo.
Esigabeni sokuqala sokuhlala kwakhe e-aquarium, akavamile ukwenqaba cishe akukho ukudla. Yamukela ukudla okuqandisiwe njenge i-mysis, i-brine shrimp, i-cyclops ne-krill. Ungadla futhi umabhebhana kanye ne-sea roe ezingxenyeni ezincane. Njengoba ijwayela, ngokuvamile yamukela ama-granules nama-flakes yekhwalithi ethile yasolwandle. Okuphakelayo ukudla okuncane nokujwayelekile (2-3 ngosuku) kusiza ukugcina umzimba wakho futhi kunciphisa umthwalo wezinto eziphilayo ohlelweni.
Amathiphu asebenzayo:
- Nqamula kafushane amaphampu anyakazayo lapho wondla, ukuze ukudla kungahlakazi ngokweqile.
- Sebenzisa eyodwa i-pipette noma i-feeder ukuqondisa ukudla emgedeni wayo lapho isenamahloni.
- Kubandakanya aqukethe amavithamini kanye noma kabili ngesonto ukuze uthuthukise amasosha akho omzimba kanye nombala.
- Un umnikelo omncane wemifino njalo ngeviki elilodwa noma amabili ikhuthaza ukuhamba kwamathumbu.
Ukuziphatha
Uma kunezinhlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu noma ezisheshayo e-aquarium kungaba nomthelela omubi ekudleni kwakho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ikhono labo lokubhukuda liphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kukhona izinhlanzi ezinolaka kakhulu futhi indawo, zingagcina yenqaba ukudla uma bezizwa besaba.
Ziyizinhlanzi zendawo, kodwa ezine- isimo sengqondo esinokuthula ngokuvamile kubangane abahlukene. Bawuvikela ngamandla umgede wabo kanye nendawo ezungezile; uma inhlanzi yobukhulu obufanayo noma encane isondela, bayoyixosha nayo izinsongo zokuthintwa (ekhombisa umlomo ovulekile, ukudlidliza komzimba) kanye ukujaha okufushane ngaphandle kokubangela ukulimala.
Uzwana nobani?
- Izinhlanzi ezipholile futhi engenalo ulaka: i- clownfish enokuthula, i-cardinalfish (I-Apogonidae), ama-wrasses amancane, anokuthula, ama-gobies angenakuncintisana ohlobo olufanayo lomgede, ama-blennies anokuthula.
- Gwema: amachashazi (I-Pseudochromidae) ezinolaka, ezinye izinhlelo zolimi noma inhlanzi ye umbala/umumo ofanayo, kanye nezinhlobo ezinovalo kakhulu ezingase ziyihlukumeze. Ngama-mandarin namanye ama-gobies lokho qhudelana ngezikhala, kangcono ukuhlola ukwakheka kwamadwala kanye nenani lezindawo zokukhosela.
- Ezingenamgogodla: ngokuphelele umshwalense wezixhobo. Ayidli amakhorali noma izimfanzi ezinkulu.
Ukugcinwa komuntu ngamunye, ngababili noma kweqembu: ezindaweni zasolwandle ezinosayizi omaphakathi kuvamile ukugcinwa ikhophi eyodwa. Ngomthamo omkhulu kanye namatshe lokho nqamula imigqa yokubona, kungenzeka ukuba imibhangqwana noma amaqembu amancane. Isincomo esisabalele siwukuzuza izibonelo ezimbili zosayizi abahlukene ukwenza lula ukwakheka kombhangqwana osebenzayo.
Ukuzala
Lezi zinhlanzi zingafuywa ekuthunjweni, nakuba zidinga ukulondolozwa njalo izimo ezinzile kakhulu ku-aquarium. Kunconywa ukuthi kungabikho i-nitrogen ukulinganiswa emanzini (i-ammonia engabonakali noma ephansi kakhulu, ama-nitrites, nama-nitrate). Ukukhiqiza kabusha, umbhangqwana ukwakha isidleke ngaphakathi emhumeni wakhe nge ulwelwe oluhle nezingcezu ezincane zegobolondo noma i-coral. Yilapho ezibekela khona amaqanda azo ngemva kwe-a ukuqomisana okubukisayo okuhlanganisa ukudlidliza nokuboniswa kombala.
Phakathi nenkathi ekufukamele, basuke enolaka kunangaphambili futhi ingalimaza abalingani babo bamathangi uma besondela kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kungcono kakhulu bagcine bebodwa ethangini elithile lokuzalanisa noma elinezihlukanisi. I ukuchanyuselwa kwenzeka ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, kuye ngezinga lokushisa. Izibungu ziyi uzwela kakhulu izinga lamanzi futhi lidinga ama-rotifers kucetshiswe njengokudla kokuqala, kuqhubekele phambili izimfanzi ezisanda kuchanyuselwa lapho zifinyelela usayizi omkhulu.
Izihluthulelo zokuzalanisa:
- Isimo umbhangqwana nge ukudla okucebile kumaprotheni namafutha acid (mysis, roe, krill).
- Nikeza imigede emincane kanye nezitshalo ezinhle zesidleke.
- Gwema imisinga enamandla ngqo endaweni yesidleke; gcina umoya omncane.
- Ukulawula okuqinile kwe nemingcele (pH, dKH) kanye amanzi ayashintsha encane futhi njalo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinhlelweni zomphakathi, amaqanda nezibungu zingaba iphathwa ngokushesha ngezinye izakhamuzi, ngakho ukuhlukanisa isidleke noma umbhangqwana kwandisa amathuba okuphumelela.
Uma ungabaqalayo emhlabeni wama-aquariums, ungangabazi ukuthi i- I-Gramma loreto Kungenye yezinketho ezinhle kakhulu ongaqala ngazo. Nge-aquarium ethuthuke kahle, idwala eliphilayo elineziphephelo eziningi, imingcele ezinzile, nokudla okuhlukahlukene, le nhlanzi ihlanganisa Ubuhle beCaribbean, ukuqina kanye nokuziphatha okuthakazelisayo okwenza kube a isakhamuzi ekahle kuzo zombili izixhobo ze-nano kanye nezindawo zasolwandle ezinosayizi omaphakathi.