Esihlokweni sanamuhla sizokwazi ngokujulile uhlobo lwasolwandle olubizwa ngokuthi I-Roosterfish. Lena enye yezinhlanzi enazo amandla amakhulu emzabalazweni wabo Futhi kuyinselelo ekhangayo ekudobeni kwezemidlalo. Ngenxa yokuthi inamandla kakhulu, kunzima ukuyibamba uma ungenalo ikhono lenduku. Ngakho-ke, njengendlela yokuzihlola, le nhlanzi ithandwa kakhulu. Igama elithi "roosterfish" lisetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezahlukene kuye ngezwe kanye nengqikithi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungafunda ngamandla ayo amahle kakhulu nokukhanga njengenhlanzi yokudoba kulesi sihloko. konke mayelana nebhayoloji yayo, izici nokuziphatha, kanye nokwehluka kwesifunda, amasu okudoba, kanye namathiphu okusetshenziswa kahle. Ingabe ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe nge-roosterfish? Qhubeka ufunda nje.
Izici eziyinhloko
Njengaku- izinhlanzi ezigwedlwayo, i-roosterfish ehamba phambili ekudobeni kwezemidlalo ogwini olusempumalanga yePacific (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-roosterfish) unayo a umzimba omude futhi onemisipha okwenza ifanelekele inselele ngezicucu ezingaphezulu. Ngezibonelo ezinkulu, Ingakwazi ukukala cishe amamitha angu-1,5 futhi ibe nesisindo esingaphezu kuka-45-50 kg., enomgogodla obonakala kakhulu owakhiwe imisebe emide eyinika igama layo elidumile.
Emhlabeni wokudla waseNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Atlantic naseMedithera, izinhlobo eziningana zezinhlanzi zibizwa ngokuthi "iqhude". i-flatfish yomndeni wakwa-Scophthalmidae, ikakhulukazi Lepidorhombus boscii (iqhude lesihlabathi) kanye I-Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis (iqhude lasenyakatho). Lamaqhude ane umzimba omncane, okhanyayo, oyisicaba, nge womabili amehlo abekwe ohlangothini olulodwa yekhanda (imvamisa kwesokunxele), ukujwayela okujwayelekile kwe-flatfish.
E-Southern Cone yaseNingizimu Melika, igama elithi “roosterfish” liphinde lisho inhlanzi I-Callorhinchus callorynchus, inhlanzi ye-cartilaginous ehlobene nama-chimeras, Umzimba we-Fusiform, umsila omncane, umbala oyisiliva onamabala, enekhala i-proboscis noma i-trunk isici kakhulu. Abesilisa bayathuthuka izigaxa (ukuguqulwa kwamaphiko e-pelvic), a i-tenaculum yangaphambili y ama-prepelvic grips embozwe ngezikali ezi-spiny, izakhiwo ezigcina insikazi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Ngokuvamile, singakwazi fingqa ngakho-ke ezinye izici zokuxilonga ezifanele ngohlobo:
- Pacific roosterfish (I-Nematistius pectoralis): umzimba oqinile, i-dorsal crest emise okweseyili, i-blue-grey back enamathoni esiliva kanye amabhande aseceleni amnyama. Umlomo oblique onamazinyo amancane; isilwane esizingelayo esinokumelana okukhulu nokuheha ukudonsa.
- I-Atlantic-Mediterranean flatfish (I-Lepidorhombus spp., umndeni wakwaScophthalmidae): umzimba oyisicaba, inhle kakhulu futhi i-semi-transparent, amehlo ohlangothini lwesobunxele, umugqa we-sinuous lateral ubonakala ngokucacile, amabala ahlakaniphile ngemuva; enhle kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yenyama yayo emhlophe.
- I-Patagonian roosterfish (I-Callorhinchus callorynchus): izinhlanzi ze-cartilaginous ngekhala; isikhumba esingenasikali emzimbeni omningi ngaphandle kwezifunda ezine izikali ze-placoid enameva; i-tenaculum yangaphambili nezibambo prepelvics kwabesilisa; isiliva elinamabala amakhulu amnyama.
Kuzo zonke izimo, umbala uvame ukuhlanganisa amathoni blue-grey nesilivaKu-roosterfish, i amabhande ukusuka ngemuva ukuya ku-peduncle ye-caudal futhi “useyili” wayo ongemuva uwenza ungaqondakali; kumaqhude ayisicaba, isikhumba siyakhombisa ama-iridescences aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emhlane nasesiswini simhlophe; futhi uqhubeke I-Callorhinchus gqamisa i amabala ahlukene nophondo.
Ibanga nendawo yokuhlala
Lezi zinhlobo zihlanganyela indawo yokuhlala ne- inhlanzi kalamula lapho sikhuluma nge i-roosterfish kusukela empumalanga Pacific. Ngokuvamile kungabonakala eduze nogu, cishe amabhishi avulekile, izizalo zemifula, amachweba namatshe angashoni, lapho izingela khona ngamabhulukwe nama-shallows. Ihlala ifuna ukuhlala eduze kwezixhobo ukuze isebenzise izindawo zokukhosela kanye nemisinga yokuzingela.
Kwezinye izikhathi kutholwe kusungulwe ku ukweqisa kwamabhishi, amachweba ngisho namachweba angasogwini. Lapho ziseyizingane, zingahlala amanzi angajulile kakhuluIsikhathi sonyaka lapho kokubili ukubona nokudoba kuvame kakhulu ngokuvamile siqondana naso izinyanga zamanzi afudumele nolwandle oluzinzile, lapho kunezelwa amadamu angasogwini.
Ngokuphambene, i-Atlantic-Mediterranean flatfish (I-Lepidorhombus spp.) bukhoma kusuka amanzi angajulile aze afike ku-400 m, futhi ingase ibonakale ku 800 m ezinqeni eziyisihlabathi nezinodaka zepulatifomu nasemthambekeni ongaphezulu. Kunjalo izinhlanzi ze-benthic lokho kusale ingxenye-engcwatshwe esihlabathini, becupha inyamazane yabo.
I-roosterfish yasePatagonian (I-Callorhinchus callorynchus) itholakala ku Ipulatifomu yezwekazi kusukela eningizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi ukusuka eningizimu yeBrazil ukuya eChile, namarekhodi avamile ukuze ukujula ngaphansi kuka-200 m futhi kufika ku-480 mEntwasahlobo-ehlobo, i- Izindawo ezisogwini zisebenza njengezindawo zokuzalwa nokuzalanisa, ngokuba khona okuphezulu kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nentsha, kuyilapho abantu abadala bethuthela emanzini ajulile ekupheleni kwehlobo.
Ukudla kwe-Roosterfish nokuzala
I-Eastern Pacific roosterfish inesivinini esikhulu nokukwazi ukuzulazula ukuze ijahe inyamazane ekuntwezani emanzini. Ngenxa yayo ikhono lokuzingela, angakwazi ukudla a anhlobonhlobo de peces ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, kanye nama-cephalopod nama-crustaceans. Ezikhathini zokushoda, kungaqinisa i-trophic Opportunism ezikoleni zamasardine noma ama-anchovies, kuzo elokhu ehlukumeza uze ubabambe.
Amaqhude ayisicaba (I-Lepidorhombus spp.) yizo ama-benthic predators ukuthi bayadla ama-crustaceans, ama-cephalopod nezinhlanzi ezincaneAnamazinyo ajwayelane nawo Crush inyamazane enamagobolondo amancane, enomehluko ngosayizi kanye nobulili njengoba imikhuba yabo ye-trophic ishintsha.
I-roosterfish yasePatagonian (I-Callorhinchus callorynchus) i-benthophage par excellence futhi idla Ama-bivalves (njenge-scallops), ama-gastropods, ama-polychaetes, ama-crustaceans, ama-sea urchin nezinhlanziAmazinyo ayo anamandla avumela ukugaya okuphumelelayo.
Mayelana ukuzala, kulula ukuhlukanisa:
- I-Roosterfish (Pacific): njengabaningi de peces amathambo olwandle asogwini, ukuvundiswa kungaphandleUkubekwa kwakuzokwenzeka phakathi amanzi angajulile eduze nogu, kanye nezibungu/gazinga hlala useduze nobuso zize zikhule zibe zinkulu futhi ziye ezindaweni ezijule kancane. Izingane zisebenzisa amachweba namachweba njengendawo yokuzalela.
- I-Flatfish (Atlantic-Mediterranean): i-oviparous ngokuvundiswa kwangaphandle. Benza isiteji okungaphansi kwesihlabathi ngezikhathi zonyaka ezahlukene kuye ngendawo. Intsha ithatha amanzi asogwini futhi bazuza ukujula ngokukhula.
- I-Callorhinchus callorynchus: i-oviparous ngokuvundiswa kwangaphakathiOwesifazane uyadedela ama-ovicapsules amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa, kuya ku 27 cm, of umbala ophuzi-ophuzi obumnyama kumnyama. Ama-capsules abonisa ingxenye emaphakathi ebushelelezi kanye nomphetho we-filamentous, futhi angafinyelela ugu ngemva kweziphephoEzifundeni zasePatagonian ziye zachazwa iziqongo ezimbili zokuzala ngasogwini unyaka wonke, nenani eliphezulu labesifazane abane-spermatophores phakathi nehlobo. Iyethula i-dimorphism yezocansi ukumaka: abesifazane bafinyelela osayizi abakhulu nesisindo kunabesilisa.
Kepha ukukhula nokuphila isikhathi eside, amarekhodi oLwandle lwase-Argentina akhuluma ngabesifazane I-Callorhinchus phezulu iminyaka 17 nabesilisa nge iminyaka 10. the ukuvuthwa ngokocansi Ifinyelelwa kamuva kwabesifazane kunabesilisa, ngosayizi wokuvuthwa nxazonke 42 cm y 38 cm ngokulandelana, kanye nobukhulu obulinganiselwe bosayizi 70 cm no-61 cmLolu hlobo lunemijikelezo yokuzala yeminyaka eminingi.
Ukudoba imidlalo yeRoosterfish
Lezi zinhlanzi zithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wokudoba kwezemidlalo. Okufunwa kakhulu ngabadobi yilokho inselele yobuchwepheshe lokho kuhlola ikhono labo. Endabeni ye-roosterfish, i isizini ekhiqiza kakhulu Ngokuvamile kuhambisana nezikhathi ezifudumele, ezizinzile ngaphandle kwesiqongo sasendaweni sokuzala.
Ku-roosterfish ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Pacific, ukudoba emanzini kuyisithonjana:
- Ukuheha: poppers kanye izinti ezinosayizi omuhle, ezishintshana nesilo esibukhoma lapho usesha izibonelo ezinkulu.
- Okhiye bokujikijela: phonsa kude inikeza isikhathi "sokuvula" izinhlanzi ngokugqwayiza; uzobona umgogodla womhlane phula ubuso ukulandela inkohliso ngaphambi kokuhlasela.
- Impi: eqhubekayo futhi enamasu; kuyashintshana imijaho emide ngokuzinikela okungamanga ngaphambi kokunye ukuhlasela. Ukubhuleka okuqhubekayo nokuvumelana kubalulekile.
Ukudoba ogwini lokuzilibazisa lwe-Patagonian roosterfish, abathanda abaningi basebenzisa imishini ye i-surfcast ijwayelane nokukhukhuleka okulawulwayo kwegiya ngaphezulu:
- I-Cañas phakathi kuka-3,5 no-4,2 m okwazi ukwethula izisindo ezifika kuye 250 g; amasondo angaphambili noma ajikelezayo enayiloni engaphezu kuka-200 m ye-0,28-0,35 mm enayiloni futhi isiswebhu conical 10 m.
- Izingwegwe okuphakathi/okuncane (isb., 1/0–3/0) phakathi ubude bengalo okungenani obungama-50 cm, eboshwe inayiloni eqinile (≈0,70). Umlomo wenhlanzi awumkhulu ngokulingana nomzimba wayo; Izingwegwe ezincane zithuthukisa ukusethwa kwe-hook.
- Ukukhweza: kusuka kwezingwegwe kuya kwezintathu; amahhuku amaningi, ibanga elifushane lokusakaza. Okunye ukudoba ihange con ukukhukhuleka okulawulwayo (ukuvumela ukuhola ukuthi kusebenze nomsinga) ukumboza umhlabathi futhi unikeze izinhlanzi isikhathi sokuthatha udoti.
- Amahubo: i-prawn, i-magrú, i-anchovy, i-silverside noma i-squid, iyodwa noma ihlangene; hlanganisa ophanayo futhi ulungise nge intambo elastic eshiya iphuzu lehhuku livele obala.
- Ukufunda igagasi: yamanje "ithwala" iphunga le-bait; nge i-high tide noma i-low tide egcwele (zero drift) umsebenzi uvamise ukuwa. Kuyanxephezela umugqa wokukhulula kanye nokulungisa isisindo kanye nohlobo lomthofu.
Ukudoba ngenjongo yokuthengisa inyama yayo uma kuyi-flatfish kwenziwa ngokugwedla phakathi kwamamitha ayi-100 kanye nama-500 ezijulile, futhi umugqa omude. Ukuthengisa kwanda njengoba kwaduma ngokudoba kwezemidlalo kanye ne-gastronomy. Izibonelo ezincane kakhulu ezibanjiwe zingaphakathi 25 cm, nakuba ku Amanye amazwe akwenqabela ukubanjwa kwamaqhude angaphansi kuka-20 cmKubalulekile ukuthi izindawo lapho kunomfutho omkhulu wokudoba zilungiswe ukunciphisa umthelela kwezemvelo.
Izindawo ezihambisana neNyakatho ye-Atlantic yilezo lapho kuye kwabanjwa khona amasampula amakhulu ezinhlanzi eziyisicaba ezingaphezu kwemitha ubude, kuyilapho eMedithera ubukhulu besilinganiso buncane. Izindawo ezibanjwa kakhulu kwezohwebo faka i- IGulf of Cadiz, uLwandle lwaseCantabrian kanye neNyakatho-ntshonalanga peninsula. Inkinga ye Hudula ukuthunjwa kwezinhlobo ezingahlosiwe kanye ne ukulimala kwezimali kakade izimfunda kanye algae.
Izakhiwo zokudla okunomsoco kanye nokusetshenziswa okunomthwalo wemfanelo
“Iqhude” lezentengiselwano labathengisi bezinhlanzi baseYurophu (ikakhulukazi I-Lepidorhombus spp.) a izinhlanzi ezimhlophe ezingenamafutha con ameva ambalwa kakhulu nokuthungwa okuhle. Nge-100 g inikeza cishe I-80 kcal, nge 15,8 g amaprotheni, 1,9 g amafutha (okukhona i-0,3 g egcwele), ama-carbohydrate kanye ne-fiber engaphansi kuka-0,5 g, kanye nephrofayili ethakazelisayo Amavithamini B (B3, B6, B9, B12) kanye amaminerali njengoba i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-selenium, i-magnesium, i-iodine nensimbi. Kuyinketho enenani elihle ezinhlelweni zokulebula okunomsoco ngenxa yayo ibhalansi kanye nokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphansi.
En ikhishi isekela izindlela ezilula nezinempilo:
- Kubhakwa ku-papillote ngemifino nesitayela sebhotela isigayo: ithuthukisa ukunambitheka kwayo okuthambile futhi igcina ijusi.
- Isitayela sase-Andalusian esithosiwe Ifakwe kancane kufulawa: i-crispy ngaphandle futhi inamanzi ngaphakathi; ekahle ngesaladi noma amazambane.
Ukuze a ukusetshenziswa okufanele, thola ngezimpahla zokudoba, ubuncane besayizi bendawo kanye nemvelaphi; beka phambili ukubamba nge Umthelela ophansi kanye nezinhlonipho sibonile noma izikhathi zokuzalanisa. Uma kwenzeka kuba I-Callorhinchus callorynchus, ukuhlolwa kwesifunda okuhlukahlukene kuklelisa njenge Ukuhlukunyezwa, ngakho-ke abaphathi bomsebenzi wabo wokuzilibazisa nokuhweba kufanele baqaphele ngokukhethekile.
Umhlahlandlela osheshayo wokuhlonza ngesifunda
para gwema ukudideka Uma ukhuluma nge-"roosterfish", sebenzisa lezi zihluthulelo:
- I-Eastern Pacific (Mexico ukuya ePeru/Galapagos): “i-roosterfish” yiyona i-roosterfish (I-Nematistius pectoralis), high dorsal crest, imigqa esemaceleni, ukudoba ngama-popper kanye izinti emabhishi nasezindaweni ezingashoni.
- NE Atlantic kanye neMedithera: "iqhude" kukhona inhlanzi eyisicaba, ikakhulukazi Lepidorhombus boscii y L. whiffiagonis, of inyama emhlophe, indawo ye-benthic in okungaphansi kwesihlabathi yesikhulumi nomthambeka.
- I-Southern Cone (SW Atlantic): "i-roosterfish" ibhekisela ku I-Callorhinchus callorynchus, inhlanzi ye-cartilaginous nge uphondo, i-tenaculum nezibambo; i-oviparous ene-ovicapsules.
Ngalokhu kucaciswa, uzokwazi ukuhumusha ngendlela efanele idatha yobukhulu, indawo yokuhlala, ukuzala kanye nempahla yokudoba kuya ngomongo wendawo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela uhlele kangcono ukuhamba kwakho noma ukuthenga kwakho kumdayisi wezinhlanzi.
Ngenxa yokunyakaza okunekhono kakhulu engakwenza, i-roosterfish yasePacific iyakwazi ukubonakala ezindaweni ezinjengalezi imilomo yemifula, amatshe emithambeka kanye nezindawo ezinamagagasi anamandla. Futhi, njengamanye ama-demersals e-Atlantic nasePatagonia, ifulethi kanye I-Callorhinchus khetha okungaphansi kwesihlabathi, ezihamba ngokwesizini phakathi izindawo zokuzalanisa ezisogwini y amanzi ajulile.
Ngaphandle kwalo mehluko, wonke “amaqhude” anesici esikhuthazayo: Ziyizinhlobo ezivuza ukunaka imininingwane yomdobi noma umpheki, futhi lokho kukumema ukuthi udobe futhi udle ngolwazi nenhlonipho yolwandle.
