Wake wema wacabanga ukuthi ezingxenyeni ezijulile zolwandle lwethu kungase kube nezidalwa ezibukeka sengathi zivele ngqo ebhayisikobho yesayensi? Nokho, kuvela ukuthi zikhona, futhi esinye sezimangalisa kakhulu yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ingwane elingabonakali, isilwane esiphikisa ukucabanga kwethu ngokuthi i-cephalopod kufanele ibe njani ukuze isinde kwalasha.
Muva nje, umphakathi wesayensi umangazwe ukutholakala kwezinhlobo zezilwane, ngokuyisisekelo, okusobala njengengilaziLezi zidalwa zihlala ezindaweni lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kuyiphupho elikude, zijwayela izimo ezinzima zokucindezeleka kanye nobumnyama obukhulu kanye nesimo somzimba esishiya okuningi okungafunwa kunoma iyiphi incwadi yesayensi yebhayoloji yendabuko.
Ingwane eliyimfihlakalo lengilazi
Esinye sezenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu okukhulunywa ngazo kube ukuqoshwa okwenziwe yiSchmidt Ocean Institute. Bakwazile ukuthwebula izithombe zesilwane esaziwa ngokuthi i-glass octopus, isidalwa esinomzimba. i-gelatin futhi cishe ikhanya ehlala ePacific. Into exakile kakhulu ukuthi, njengoba ingabonakali, amehlo ayo kanye ne-optic nerve kuphela okungabonakala, okusho ukuthi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okunonya kokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukujula okuphakathi kwamamitha angu-200 kuya kwangu-1.000 kungabonakali.
Lesi silwane simangalisa kangangokuthi amehlo aso angunxande, isici esingavamile kakhulu esisenza sihluke cishe kunoma iyiphi enye i-mollusk. Kwaze kwaba ngo-2021 lapho saqoshwa khona okokuqala, okubonisa ukuthi phansi kolwandle kuyinto ibhokisi lezimfihlo ukuthi sisanda kuqala ukuvula.
Imfihlakalo ye-Microeledone galapagensis
Kodwa akupheleli lapho. Cishe ngamamitha angu-1.773 ngaphansi kweDarwin Island eGalápagos, ithimba eliholwa nguJanet R. Voight weField Museum of Natural History lathola uhlobo olungazange luvele kunoma yiliphi irekhodi: i I-Microeledone galapagensisLe octopus incane, inezingalo ezimfushane futhi imbalwa kakhulu emuncayo, okwenza kube sengathi iyisibungu kunokuba isikhulile.
Okushiye ochwepheshe beklwebha amakhanda abo yisikhumba saso. Nakuba iningi lezilwane ezihlala olwandle olujulile zisebenzisa ama-chromatophores ukuze zifihle, lesi sibonelo sinohlobo oluthile lwe- ubuso bangaphandle cishe bungenawo umbalaKodwa-ke, lapho behlaziywa nge-computed tomography (microCT) scans, bathole ukuthi imisipha yayo yangaphakathi imnyama. Okusho ukuthi, ine- umthunzi ophambene oguquliwe: okusobala ngaphandle kanti okumnyama ngaphakathi, into ehlukana ngokuphelele nephethini evamile yokucasha engavamile ngokwemvelo.
Isihluthulelo se-heterochrony kanye ne-neoteny
Ukuze bachaze lokhu kubonakala okunjengesipoki, ososayensi bakhuluma ngakho i-heterochronyNgokuyisisekelo, lokhu kwenzeka lapho izinga lokukhula kombungu lishintsha, okubangela ukuthi isilwane sifinyelele ebudaleni ngenkathi sigcina izici ezivame ukubonakala kuphela ezigabeni zobusha. Kulesi simo, sikhuluma nge neoteny, lapho i-octopus igcina khona ukuma kwe-larval yize ingumuntu omdala osebenzayo.
Lokhu kungavamile kwezinto eziphilayo kuchaza ukuthi kungani iwashi layo lokukhula libonakala sengathi limile. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-Microeledone galapagensis ibonisa ukungabikho okuphawulekayo kwesakhiwo somzimba:
- Akunalutho nhlobo isikhwama sikayinki, isitho esisetshenziswa ezinye izingwane ukudala amafu amnyama okuzivikela.
- Ayinayo i- i-crop diverticulum.
Lokhu okutholakele kube kuphazamisa kakhulu kangangokuthi kuphoqe ochwepheshe bentela ukuthi bhala kabusha incazelo womndeni wonke wakwaMegaleledonidae, njengoba kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lezi zakhiwo ziyimpoqo kuwo wonke amalungu azo.
Okusazotholakala
Naphezu kwale ntuthuko, imibuzo eminingi ayiphenduliwe. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlobo zaqoqwa endaweni eyodwa, asazi ukuthi lolu hlobo lutholakala kuphela kumaGalápagos noma ukuthi zikhona yini ezinye. ama-octopus asobala kusatshalaliswa kulo lonke elaseMpumalanga yePacific. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwama-molecule ukuze kubekwe ngqo esihlahleni somndeni we-cephalopod.
Akukho okwaziwayo ngalokho abakudlayo, indlela abazala ngayo, noma indlela abaziphatha ngayo ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke. Lokhu kusikhumbuza ukuthi i-taxonomy yobunzulu Kuyindlela ende; ukuqamba uhlobo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala enkambisweni engahlala amashumi eminyaka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingakahlolwa njengasezansi kolwandle oluphakathi nendawo.
Ukuba khona kwalezi zidalwa, ezinesikhumba sazo esikhanyayo kanye nokwakheka kwazo okuguquliwe, kuqinisekisa ukuthi imvelo ihlala inamaqhinga. Iqiniso lokuthi izinhlobo ezinjalo ezimangalisayo zihlala zifihliwe ukujula kwezinkulungwane zamamitha lisitshela ukuthi Ulwandle luwumngcele wokugcina yeplanethi yethu nokuthi kusenezinto eziningi ezimangalisayo esingazithola ebumnyameni obukhulu.