Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, izithombe zesathelayithi zibonise ibhande elikhulu elinsundu eliwela i-Atlantic eshisayookuxhumanisa ugu olusentshonalanga ye-Afrika neCaribbean kanye neGulf of Mexico. Okungase kuphazanyiswe njengokuchitheka okukhulu kwamafutha, empeleni, ukunqwabelana okukhulu kokhula lwasolwandle: lokho okubizwa ngokuthi iGreat Atlantic Sargassum Belt.
ISargassum iyi- i-macroalga ensundu entantayo eyakha amakhaphethi angempela ebusweni bolwandleNgobuningi obuphakathi, ifeza umsebenzi obalulekile wemvelo njengendawo yokuphephela kanye nendawo yokuzalela izinhlanzi, izimfudu, kanye nezilwane ezingenamgogodla. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngo-2011 iphethini ishintshe ngokuphelele: ulwelwe alusabonakali ezindaweni ezihlakazekile futhi manje luhlelwe lwaba yibhande eliminyene elinwebeka izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha futhi Kubangela izinkinga zemvelo nezomnotho emazweni amaningi..
Iyini iGreat Atlantic Sargassum Belt?
Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi iGreat Sargassum Belt kuyinto isakhiwo esicishe siqhubeke se-macroalgae yohlobo lwe-Sargassum Isukela empumalanga iye entshonalanga phakathi kweNtshonalanga Afrika, i-Atlantic eshisayo, iCaribbean, kanye neGulf of Mexico. Idatha eqoqwe yi-NASA kanye ne-University of South Florida iqinisekisa ukuthi leli bhande livela unyaka nonyaka, kanti izinga eliphezulu kanye ne-biomass kugqame kakhulu eNyakatho Nenkabazwe entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
Lezi zitshalo zasolwandle zine ama-vesicle amancane agcwele igesi avumela ukuthi ahlale entantangaphandle kwesidingo sokubambelela phansi kolwandle. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinqwaba ze-sargassum ziyanyakaza ziqhutshwa yimimoya nemisinga, zakha amakhaphethi amakhulu angamboza izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha-skwele.
Ngo-Ephreli nangoMeyi ka-2025, izinzwa zesathelayithi zalinganisela i- I-biomass ye-Sargassum cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-38, idlula irekhodi elibekwe ngo-2022. Nakuba izibalo zihluka unyaka wonke, leli nani lihlanganise lesi simo njengenselele yemvelo ye-Atlantic, okube nemiphumela emazweni amaningi asogwini.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe lokho Olwandle oluvulekile, i-sargassum inikeza isevisi yemvelo ewusizo kakhulu.I-NASA igcizelela ukuthi, ngamanani amancane, lawa ma-algae athuthukisa impilo yolwandle ngokuhlinzeka ngendawo yokuhlala nokudla kwezimfudu, izinhlanzi, izilwane ezingenamgogodla, kanye nezinyoni zasolwandle. Kulapho ukuqongelela okukhulu kusondela ogwini lapho ibhalansi iphazamiseka khona futhi imiphumela emibi iyanda kakhulu.
Ushintsho lwephethini kulo lonke i-Atlantic
Izifundo zakamuva ziphakamisa ukuthi Uhlelo lwe-Atlantic sargassum luhlelwa kabusha ngokujulileKusukela ngo-2011, ukuhlanganiswa kweGreat Belt e-Atlantic eshisayo kuye kwabonwa, kuyilapho i-biomass incipha oLwandle iSargasso enyakatho.
Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ngo-2025 ephephabhukwini I-geoscience yemvelo iphetha ngokuthi izimbali ezinkulu ezitholakala endaweni eshisayo zihlobene kakhulu ne- ukukhuphuka kwamanzi ajulile acebile nge-phosphorus esifundeni se-equatorLokhu kutholakala kwezakhamzimba kusiza ama-microorganisms ahlobene ne-sargassum aqinisa i-nitrogen, okuvumela i-macroalga ukuthi ikhule ngisho nasezindaweni lapho, ngokombono, izakhamzimba zintuleka khona.
Olunye ucwaningo, olwanyatheliswa ngo-2025, lubhala phansi ukuthi ukwehla okukhulu kwe-sargassum oLwandle iSargasso olusenyakatho Kusukela maphakathi nawo-2010, kanye nezinguquko ekubusweni kwayo ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, abalobi baxhumanisa lokhu kwehla noshintsho ekujikelezeni kolwandle, izinga lokushisa lolwandle elikhuphukile, kanye nokuvama okukhulu kwamagagasi okushisa olwandle.
Uma zihlanganiswa, lolu phenyo luphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ushintsho lombuso kulo lonke i-Atlantic basinIsikhungo samandla adonsela phansi se-sargassum sesishintshele e-Atlantic eshisayo. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani amanye amazwe aseCaribbean ebhekene nokugcwala okukhulu kokhula lwasolwandle naphezu kokuncipha okuvamile eNyakatho Atlantic.
Kungani ukuqhakaza kwe-sargassum kukhuphuke kakhulu?
I-Los especialistas iqondane futhi Akukho sizathu esisodwa esichaza ukuvela kweGreat Sargassum Beltkodwa inhlanganisela yezinto eziqinisayo ezixhumene kakhulu nemisebenzi yabantu kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i- Ukufudumala kolwandle kwandisa isikhathi sokukhula kwe-macroalgaeAmanzi afudumele izinyanga eziningi zonyaka ahlinzeka ngezimo ezinhle zokuthi i-sargassum ikhule ngokushesha futhi isikhathi eside.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuye kwatholakala ukwanda ku- ukuhlinzekwa kwezakhamzimba ezifana ne-nitrogen ne-phosphorus Lezi zakhamzimba zivela emifuleni emikhulu, kumanyolo wezolimo, emanzini angcolile aphathwe kabi, kanye nothuli olusemoyeni oluthuthwa luvela emazwenikazi. Lokhu kugcwala kwezakhamzimba kusebenza njengomanyolo okhulisa umkhiqizo we-algae.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu, kukhona izinguquko emifudlaneni yolwandle kanye namaphethini omoyaEsikhundleni sokusabalalisa ulwelwe, izimo ezintsha zolwandle zivame ukuzigxilisa futhi zilusunduzele entshonalanga, ziqondise ogwini lwaseCaribbean, eFlorida, naseGulf of Mexico. Izinhlelo zokuqapha ezifana ne- I-Sargassum Watch System (SaWS), wase-University of South Florida, ubelokhu exwayisa iminyaka eminingi ukuthi izigameko ezinkulu zokunqwabelana kwama-coal emabhishi alesi sifunda manje azinakugwenywa uma nje lokhu kuqhubeka.
Imithelela yemvelo: kusukela olwandle oluvulekile kuya ogwini
Olwandle oluvulekile, i-sargassum isebenza njenge- indawo yokuhlala entantayo yezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukeneIzimfudu ezincane, izinhlanzi zaselwandle, izilwane ezingenamgogodla, kanye nezinyoni zasolwandle zisebenzisa la makaphethi njengendawo yokukhosela, izindawo zokudla, kanye nezindawo zokuzalela. Kusukela kulo mbono, ukuba khona kolwelwe kuyingxenye yemvelo yokusebenza kwe-Atlantic.
Inkinga ivela nini Imihlangano emikhulu ishintshela ezindaweni ezisogwiniLapho ifika emanzini angajulile nasemabhishi, i-sargassum iqala ukuqongelela ezingqimbeni ezijiyile futhi ibola ngokushesha. Lokhu konakala kudla inani elikhulu lomoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe, okungaholela ezigabeni zokuntuleka komoya-mpilo kanye nokufa. de peces kanye nezilwane ezingenamgogodla.
Isembozo se-algae futhi Ivikela imifula yamakhorali kanye namadlelo otshani basolwandleukunciphisa ukukhanya okutholakalayo kwe-photosynthesis. Esikhathini esimaphakathi, lokhu kuntuleka kokukhanya, kuhlangene nokwehla komoya-mpilo, kungenza buthaka kakhulu izimiso zemvelo ezibalulekile zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuvikelwa kogu ezivunguvungwini nasemagagasini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto eziphilayo ezibolayo ziyakhishwa i-hydrogen sulfideKuyigesi enephunga elihlukile leqanda elibolile elingatholakala kude. Uma ligcwele kakhulu, leli gesi lingabangela ukucasuka kwamehlo nokuphefumula, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nokukhubazeka okuvamile kubantu abahlala khona kanye nezivakashi.
Imiphumela yezenhlalo, yezokuvakasha kanye nezomnotho
Ezindaweni ezithinteke kakhulu eCaribbean naseGulf of Mexico, ukufika kwe-sargassum ngezikhathi ezithile sekuyinto engavamile. inselele yezinga eliphezulu yezokuthutha kanye nezomnothoOmasipala basogwini, iziteshi zamahhotela, kanye namabhizinisi amancane ezokuvakasha baphoqeleka ukuhlela imisebenzi yokuhlanza ecishe iqhubeke ukuze kugcinwe amabhishi esesimweni esingamukeleki kakhulu.
Ukususa amathani e-algae emanzi, avame ukuxutshwa nesihlabathi kanye nemfucumfucu, kudinga imishini esindayo, abasebenzi abakhethekile, kanye nezinhlelo zokuthutha nezokugcinaNgaphezu kwalokhu kunezindleko ezitholakala ekuphathweni okulandelayo kwaleyo biomass, engeke isetshenziswe kabusha ngokuphephile njalo ngenxa yomthwalo wayo ongcolisayo.
Umthelela wezomnotho awugcini nje ekuhlanzweni. Ukuba khona kwezinqwaba ze-sargassum ogwini, amanzi angcolile, kanye nephunga elibi nakho kuyizinkinga ezinkulu. Zethusa izivakashi futhi zinciphisa inani labantu abahlala emahhotela., kanye nokulahlekelwa yizigidi emikhakheni efana nezindawo zokuhlala, izindawo zokudlela, ukuzijabulisa kwasolwandle kanye nokudoba ngokuzijabulisa.
Izindlela zokudoba zendabuko nazo ziyabhekana nemiphumela. Izinqwaba ezinkulu ze-algae zingakwazi ukubhajwa emanetheni nasezindongeniLokhu kuvimbela ukufinyelela emachwebeni nasezindaweni zokudoba futhi kushintsha ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo eziqondiwe. Konke lokhu kuthinta ngqo imali engenayo yemiphakathi yabadobi bendawo.
Ukuqapha kwesathelayithi kanye nokubikezela kweminyaka ezayo
Ukuqapha iGreat Sargassum Belt kuncike kakhulu ubuchwepheshe besathelayithi kanye namamodeli okukhukhuleka kolwandleIzinsimbi zokubuka ze-NASA, ngokubambisana nezikhungo ezifana ne-University of South Florida, zivumela ukulinganisa ubukhulu kanye ne-biomass yokuhlanganiswa esikalini samasonto onke nesanyanga zonke.
Amaphephandaba afana ne- I-Sargassum Outlook Bulletin kanye nesipho sohlelo lwe-SaWS amamephu okuhlushwa kanye nokubikezela kwesikhathi esifushaneLawa mathuluzi awusizo kubaphathi basogwini kanye namabhizinisi ukulungiselela izinsiza ngaphambi kokuthutheleka okukhulu. Lokhu kuhlela kusengaphambili kwenza kube lula ukuthunyelwa kwamaqembu okuhlanza, ukumaka izindawo zokugeza, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinyathelo zokuvikela imvelo.
Imibiko yakamuva ikhombisa ukuthi Iziqephu zokuba khona kwe-sargassum ephezulu zizoqhubeka zenzekaEkupheleni kuka-2025, idatha yabonisa ukwanda okurekhodiwe kwe-biomass eCaribbean nasentshonalanga ye-Atlantic futhi yaxwayisa ngokuthi u-2026 ungaphinde ube phakathi kweminyaka enamazinga aphezulu kakhulu, ngokuqhekeka kokuqala nokuqhubekayo ezindaweni eziningana.
Lesi simo siqinisa umqondo wokuthi iGreat Sargassum Belt isivele iyi- isimo sesakhiwo se-Atlantic eshisayo okungaphezu nje kwesenzakalo esingavamile. Ukuthuthuka kwaso esikhathini esizayo kuzoncika, ngezinga elikhulu, ekutheni amazinga okushisa olwandle, amaphethini okujikeleza kwegazi, kanye nemithwalo yezakhamzimba ezivela ezweni ziyashintsha kanjani.
Yini engenziwa nge-Great Sargassum Belt?
Akukho sixazululo esilula noma esisheshayo sokuvimba ukwanda kwalesi sibalo esikhulu. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe bakhomba izindlela eziningana ezibalulekile okufanele zenziwe, uma zihlangene, zingakwazi ukunciphisa imiphumela futhi kuthuthukiswe amandla okusabela emiphakathini yasogwini.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukugcina nokwandisa izinhlelo zokuqapha ngesathelayithi kanye nokubuka endaweniUma siqonda kangcono ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokuhamba kwe-sargassum, kuzoba lula ukuhlukanisa izindawo ezisengozini nokuhlela ukuhamba kwezimpahla emabhishi nasemachwebeni.
Okwesibili, Ukuphathwa kogu kumele kusheshe futhi kungalimazi kakhulu ngangokunokwenzekaLokhu kuhilela ukususa ulwelwe ngaphambi kokuba lubole ngokuphelele, kusetshenziswa amasu anciphisa ukulahleka kwesihlabathi, nokugwema ukungenelela okulimaza kakhulu imvelo yasogwini, njengokudlula ngokungakhethi kwemishini esindayo phezu kwezindunduma kanye namadlelo otshani basolwandle.
Esikhathini esimaphakathi neside, umphakathi wesayensi ugcizelela isidingo sokuthi ukunciphisa ukungena kwezakhamzimba nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo olwandleLokhu kuhilela ukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka, ukubuyekeza ukusetshenziswa komanyolo wezolimo, ukubuyisela izindawo ezimanzi ezisogwini ezisebenza njengezihlungi zemvelo, kanye nokuthuthukisa izinqubomgomo zokunciphisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu ezinciphisa ukufudumala kwe-Atlantic.
Ibhande Elikhulu leSargassum seliphenduke ibhande uphawu olubonakalayo lokungalingani okuthinta i-Atlantic eshisayoAkusho ukuthi ulwandle luzowa ngokushesha, kodwa kugcizelela ukuthi izinguquko ebudlelwaneni phakathi komhlaba, ulwandle kanye nomkhathi zigcina zibonakala kanjani ezimweni ezinkulu ezithinta imvelo, umnotho kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke kwezigidi zabantu ogwini lwase-Atlantic.
