Iminyaka eminingi, ukudla okuthile i-carp yamanzi ahlanzekile Kwakucishe kube yisenzo sokholo: inyama eningi emnandi, kodwa futhi nenqwaba yamathambo amancane ayenza kube nzima ukulunywa yiyo yonke inhlanzi. EShayina, lapho i-crucian carp iyinhlanzi eyinhloko, le nkinga yayaziwa kakhulu emakhaya, ezindaweni zokudlela, nasezindaweni zokucubungula ngokufanayo.
Iqembu elivela ku I-Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Bathi bashintshe kakhulu lesi simo ngokuklama inhlanzi ezalwa ingenazo lezo zinhlungu zemisipha eziyinkinga. Lo msebenzi, obewuthuthukiswa iminyaka eminingana, wethulwe eBeijing njengendawo yokushintsha okungenzeka kwezolimo zasemanzini kanye nemboni yokudla kule nhlanzi enkulu yase-Asia.
Inhlanzi ehlelwa kabusha kusukela ku-DNA
Isisekelo sentuthuko sisekungeneleleni ku- imvelaphi yezakhi zofuzo zemigogodla hhayi enhlanzini eseyihlatshiwe kakade. Iqembu eliholwa usosayensi uGui Jianfang lafunda i-genome eyinkimbinkimbi ye-crucian carp (noma i-gibel carp), uhlobo olunamaqoqo amaningi ama-chromosome, kwaze kwaba yilapho bethola i-gene ebhekwa “njengomakhi” weqiniso wemisipha.
Leyo gene, ekhonjwe emsebenzini wesayensi njenge i-runx2bIsebenza njengohlobo lomdwebo wenhlanzi ukuze yakhe izinhlungu ezingaphezu kuka-80 ezimise okwe-Y ezisatshalaliswa kuyo yonke imisipha yayo. I-CRISPR-Cas9Besebenzisa lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi “isikelo sama-molecule,” abacwaningi benze ukuhlinzwa okunembile kakhulu kuwo wonke amakhophi afanele alelo jini ngesikhathi sesigaba sombungu.
Umphumela walokhu kuhlinzwa kwama-molecule ukulinganisela okubucayi: uhlaka lwamathambo amakhulu Umgogodla nezimbambo kwakheka ngendlela evamile, okuvumela izinhlanzi ukuba zibhukude, zikhule, futhi ziziphathe njenge-carp evamile; kodwa indlela yezinto eziphilayo ebangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpaphe eziphakathi kwemisipha ihlala ivaliwe kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe yi-CAS, le nqubo ayizange ibe mfushane. Umsebenzi ohlelekile uye wanda isikhathi eside. iminyaka eyisithupha yocwaningo ohlelwe ngaphakathi kohlelo lwesu oluthi “Ukuklama nokudalwa (noma ukuthuthukiswa) kokunemba”, olugxile ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe be-biotechnology obuthuthukisiwe ekukhiqizweni kokudla.
I-Zhongke 6: i-carp ehlanganisiwe engenamgogodla
Umphumela wezohwebo walolu chungechunge locwaningo uwuhlobo olusha lwezinhlanzi zegolide ezibizwa ngokuthi I-Zhongke 6 (ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi “iZhongke No. 6”). Lokhu akuyona nje iprototype yelabhorethri, kodwa uhlobo olwakhiwe ngqo “etafuleni” kanye nomkhakha wezolimo zasemanzini.
Abacwaningi bathi i-Zhongke 6 Igcina ukunambitheka okufanayo kanye nenani lokudla okunomsoco. Akufani ne-crucian carp yendabuko, enenyama ethambile, egcwele amaprotheni, kodwa engenangozi yokuminyana ehlotshaniswa namathambo amahle. Ngokombono womthengi, ukudla kulula kakhulu: umsebenzi omncane ekhishini, ukwesaba okuncane kokuthi ingane inamathele emphinjeni, kanye nokulungiselela ekhaya ngokushesha.
Ngaphezu kokungabikho kwemisipha ejulile, inhlanzi inesici esibalulekile maqondana nendawo ezungezile: iyi- inzaloLesi simo senziwe ngamabomu ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela engaba khona emvelweni uma noma iyiphi isampula iphuma emapulazini ifike emifuleni noma emachibini, ivimbele ukuthi izalane futhi ihlangane nezilwane zasendle.
Ngokuphathelene nokuziphatha, izifundo ezicashunwe yi-CAS zibonisa ukuthi i-carp eguquliwe Akukho lutho, kuyayondla futhi kuyakhula Njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo, lokhu kubalulekile ukuze abakhiqizi bangadingi ukuzivumelanisa ngokweqile nezinhlelo zabo zokulima.
Umklamo owakhelwe ukufuya izinhlanzi okujulile
Ngaphandle kokwenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa, i-Zhongke 6 ithathwe njenge- ithuluzi lezimboni lokufuya izilwane zasemanzini Idatha yobuchwepheshe ekhishwe ikhomba ukuthuthuka okuningana ngesikhathi esisodwa okukhanga kakhulu abakhiqizi.
Okokuqala, lolu hlobo lufinyelela ku- usayizi wezohwebo ngesikhathi esincane kune-carp yasendle, esheshisa umjikelezo wokukhiqiza futhi ivumela ukuzungeza okusheshayo kwamachibi noma amachibi okulima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, anamandla amakhulu okumelana izindawo ezinabantu abaningiokujwayelekile ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi okujulile, lapho izifo zingasakazeka kalula.
Esinye isici esiqokonyiswe yithimba likaGui Jianfang ukusebenza kahle kokudla: i-carp engenamgogodla ingadinga ukudla okuncane ukuze kukhiqizwe inani elifanayo lamaprotheniukunciphisa izindleko zokudla, enye yezindleko ezinkulu kakhulu kunoma yikuphi ukusebenza kokufuya izilwane zasemanzini, kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wokudla kwemvelo.
Inhlanganisela yokukhula okusheshayo, ukumelana nezifo, kanye nokuguqulwa kokudla okuthuthukisiwe kuhloswe ukuthi kuhunyushwe ku- ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile kwamaprotheni asezingeni eliphezulu ngezinga elikhulu. Embonini yezinhlanzi ezicutshungulwayo, ukungabikho kwamathambo kunezela inzuzo eyengeziwe ngokunciphisa izindleko nokwenza kube lula ukusika, ukuhlunga, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo esekulungele ukudliwa.
Phakathi kwezindlela zokusebenzisa ezicatshangelwayo, okulandelayo kuyaphawuleka: amabhola ezinhlanzi, izinhlanzi ezikheniwe, ama-fillet abandayo kanye nezinye izinto lapho namuhla amathambo edinga izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuhlanza noma imishini eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuze ahlukanise inyama namathambo amahle.
Umthelela wezomnotho kanye nesikhathi sokungena emakethe
I-Chinese Academy of Sciences ikhomba amandla amakhulu kwezomnotho. UGui Jianfang uphawule ukuthi ukwethulwa kwe-crucian carp cishe "engenamathambo" kungenza shintsha imikhuba yokudla izinhlanzi eShayina futhi bavule imakethe ebiza amakhulu ezigidi zama-yuan embonini yokucubungula okujulile.
Le phrojekthi, ngokusho kwalabo abaphethe, ise- isigaba sokugcina ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwezimboniIzitatimende nezihloko ezikhishwe konke kukhomba ekugcineni 2026 njengosuku oluqondiwe lokuthi izingxenye zokuqala ze-Zhongke 6 zifinyelele ezimakethe zaseShayina, uma izinqubo zomthetho seziqediwe futhi imodeli yokukhiqiza enkulu isilungisiwe.
Lokhu kuthuthuka kuyingxenye yomongo obanzi lapho iShayina ifuna khona qinisekisa ukutholakala kwamaprotheni ezilwane Ibhekene nesidingo esikhulayo, ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo izama ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lwayo lokudla, uhlelo lwe-CAS lwe-"Design and Precision Improvement", oluyingxenye yalo i-Zhongke 6, luhlose ngqo lokho: ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-biotechnology obusezingeni eliphezulu ukulungisa izici zezitshalo nezilwane ezihloselwe ukudliwa.
Umthelela wezenhlalo walesi simemezelo ube mkhulu kakhulu. Kunethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu WeiboKunemibono eminingi eqhathanisa lokhu kuthuthukiswa nokunye ukudla okushintshiwe, njengezithelo ezingenambewu, futhi ngokumangalisayo kuphawula ngokuthi isayensi izohamba ibanga elingakanani ukuze yenze impilo ibe lula ekhishini.
Izingxoxo zesayensi nezokuziphatha kanye nemiphumela engaba khona eYurophu
Impumelelo yobuchwepheshe yalo msebenzi ihambisana nempikiswano eyisisekelo mayelana imikhawulo yokuphathwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezilwaneni ezifuyelwe ukudla. I-CAS ngokwayo iyavuma ukuthi lo msebenzi umelela "ukunqoba" kwesayensi esetshenziswa enkingeni yansuku zonke, kodwa futhi iphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuthi sizimisele kangakanani ukuklama kabusha imvelo ukuze siyivumelanise nezintandokazi zethu.
Phakathi kwamazwi aqaphile kakhulu, kugcizelelwa ukuthi okubaluleke kakhulu kumele kuqhubeke Ukusetshenziswa kwabantu okuphephile kanye nokukhiqiza okusimemehhayi ukukhululwa kwalezi zinhlanzi ezindaweni zemvelo. Ukungazali kwe-Zhongke 6 kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile, kodwa akususi isidingo sezinhlaka zokulawula eziqinile kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo uma imodeli inwetshwa kwezinye izinhlobo.
EYurophu, lapho umthethonqubo izinto eziphilayo eziguqulwe ngofuzo Imithetho ye-EU inemingcele kakhulu kunaseShayina; inhlanzi efana ne-Zhongke 6 kuzodingeka ihlolwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuba ingeniswe noma itshalwe. Umthetho we-EU uhlukanisa phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo zakudala kanye nezinhlobo zokuhlela izakhi zofuzo njenge-CRISPR, kodwa impikiswano yezepolitiki neyezenhlalo isavulekile.
Kusobala ukuthi, uma i-carp engenamathambo isungulwa emakethe yaseShayina, kuzovela izingxoxo e-European Union mayelana ukufika okungenzeka kwemikhiqizo esuselwe kokunye (isibonelo, amalungiselelo asemathinini noma aqandisiwe) kanye nokulebula, ukulandeleka kanye nombono womthengi waseYurophu mayelana nezinhlanzi eziguqulwe ku-DNA yazo.
Emazweni anesiko lokudoba eliqinile, njengeSpain, lezi zinhlobo zentuthuko zilandelwa ngentshisekelo kanye nokuqapha okuthile: ngakolunye uhlangothi, zibonisa amandla e-biotechnology okuthi ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zasolwandle kanye nezokufuywa kwezinhlanziNgakolunye uhlangothi, baphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobo, ukuncika kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nomthelela ongaba khona emkhakheni wokudoba wendabuko.
Ingabe lolu uhlobo olungathunyelwa kwezinye izinhlobo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalo?
Okuhlangenwe nakho nge-Zhongke 6 kusikisela ukuthi, okungenani ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, kungenzeka susa ameva noma izakhiwo ezingafuneki ezinhlanzini kusetshenziswa ukuhlelwa kwezakhi zofuzo okunembe kakhulu. Lokhu kuvula ithuba lokuhlola ukusetshenziswa okufanayo kwezinye izinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile noma ngisho nezasolwandle ezidliwa kancane ngenxa yokungakhululeki kwamathambo azo amancane.
Kodwa-ke, umphakathi wesayensi ugcizelela ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lunezinhlobo zalo "Iphazili yofuzo" Futhi ukuphinda impumelelo ye-goldfish akulula njengokukopisha nokunamathisela inqubo. Izici ezifana ne-ploidy (inani lamasethi e-chromosome), i-biology yokuzala, kanye nendima yemvelo yenhlanzi ngayinye kusho ukuthi noma yimuphi umsebenzi walolu hlobo kumele ufundwe ngokwesimo ngasinye.
Ukuxhumana okungenzeka kwalolu hlobo nakho kukhulunyiwe. de peces kuguqulwe nge izindawo ezilawulwayo ezingahloselwe ukondlanjengamachibi okwenziwa noma izikhungo zangasese. Lapho, amasampula ahlanzekile angasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kubanjwa izinhlanzi eziningi noma njengamathuluzi okuphatha, njalo ngaphansi kwemithetho ecacile evimbela ukuphunyuka kwazo ziye ezinhlelweni zemvelo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, icala laseShayina lisebenza njengesibonelo ukukhombisa izinga umngcele phakathi kwemvelo nefektri Umehluko uya ufiphala. Uma ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane nezitshalo ezenzelwe ukukhula ngokushesha, ukuqina kakhudlwana, nokususa lokho esikubheka “njengeziphambeko” kusabalala kabanzi, ochwepheshe abaningi baxwayisa ngesidingo sokuqinisa ukucaca kubathengi nokugcina ingxoxo yomphakathi enolwazi.
Nge-Zhongke 6, iShayina iveza inhlanzi exazulula inkinga yansuku zonke ngesikhathi esisodwa—amathambo awonakalisa isidlo—futhi ivula amathuba ahlukahlukene ezimboni, kodwa futhi isiphoqa ukuthi sicabangele ukuthi hlobo luni lwenhlanzi. imodeli yokudla Sifuna emashumini eminyaka ezayo, kokubili e-Asia naseYurophu.