Isibuyekezo sakamuva se-IUCN European Red List of Freshwater Fishes sibonisa isithombe esikhathazayo kakhulu ngemifula, amachibi, kanye neziphethu zezwekazi. Ngokusho kwalokhu kuhlola, cishe izinhlobo eziyisithupha kweziyishumi de peces Imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile eYurophu inezinga lengozi elikhathaza ochwepheshe kakhulu. ekulondolozweni kwemvelo.
Umbiko uyaphawula lokho Ama-42% ezinhlobo ezihlaziyiwe asevele esengozini yokuqothulwakuyilapho amanye angu-18% ehlukaniswa njengasengozini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezisebenzayo esikhathini esifushane nesiphakathi, ingxenye enkulu yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini zaseYurophu inganyamalala phakathi kwesizukulwane esisodwa.
Isithombe esifushane sezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini zaseYurophu
Ukuhlolwa yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) kusekelwe ocwaningweni lwe- Izinhlobo ezingama-558 de peces amanzi ahlanzekile avela eYurophuUkuze silungiselele lokhu kuxilonga, sibe nokubambisana kochwepheshe abangaphezu kuka-135 abavela emazweni angaphezu kuka-30, okunikeza umbono ngobukhulu kanye nokuqina komsebenzi owenziwe.
Kusukela kulelo qembu lezinhlobo, Okwamanje, isimo sokulondolozwa kwemvelo sibhekwa njengesingakhathazeki kangako.Kodwa ezinye zihlukaniswe ngezigaba zosongo kusukela “Eziseduze Nokusongelwa” kuya “Ezisengozini Enkulu.” I-IUCN igcizelela ukuthi iphesenti lezinhlobo ezisongelwa liye landa cishe ngo-5% kusukela ngo-2011, okubonisa ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo kwesimo eminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi.
Umbiko uphinde ugcizelele ukuthi Azikho izimpawu zokululama ezindaweni zemvelo zasemanzini zaseYurophu.Ezimweni eziningi, abantu de peces Baqhubeka nomkhuba wokwehla okuqhubekayo, naphezu kwezimo ezithile imizamo yokuvuselela umfula kanye nokuvikelwa kwezindawo zokuhlala okwenziwa emazweni ahlukene.
Ngokusho kwe-IUCN, izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile ziyatholakala. inkomba ebalulekile yempilo yezindawo zemvelo zezwekaziUkwehla kwayo kukhomba ukuwohloka okubanzi kwemifula, amachibi, izindawo ezimanzi kanye nemithombo, okunomthelela oqondile kokubili kokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kanye nezinye izinsizakalo zemvelo umphakathi oncike kuzo.
Uma lo mkhuba ungaguquki, IYurophu ingalahlekelwa yingxenye ebalulekile yefa layo lemvelo elihlobene namanzi ahlanzekilengezinhlobo zezilwane ezinyamalala buthule nangokuqinisekile ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala zendabuko.
Cishe ingxenye yazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane iseduze nokuphela.
Enye yezinto eziphawuleka kakhulu kulolu cwaningo ukuthi Ama-42% ezinhlobo ezihlolwe kakade abhekwa njengengozi yokuphelaLokhu kufaka phakathi izigaba zezilwane ezisengozini, ezisengozini, kanye nezisengozini enkulu. Ezinye izinhlobo ezingu-18% zibhalwe njengezisengozini enkulu, okusho ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zingathuthela esigabeni esisengozini enkulu uma izimo zazo zemvelo ziba zimbi kancane.
Kokuphelele, cishe izinhlobo eziyisithupha kweziyishumi de peces Imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile yaseYurophu ayikwazi ukubhekwa njengephephile Ngokombono wokulondolozwa kwemvelo, lesi simo siyakhathaza kakhulu esimweni lapho ezinye izingcindezi zemvelo, njengenkinga yesimo sezulu noma ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithombo yamanzi, ziqhubeka nokukhula.
I-IUCN isikhumbuza ukuthi Izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile zakha iqembu lezilwane ezinomgogodla elihlukahlukene kakhulu emhlabeniFuthi iYurophu ayihlukile. Eziningi zalezi zinhlobo zinokusabalala okulinganiselwe kakhulu, okuhlobene nemifula ethile noma izinhlelo zasemanzini, ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukushintsha okukhulu kuleyo ndawo kungaba nemiphumela eqondile nesheshayo ekusindeni kwazo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlanzi Zidlala indima ebalulekile ochungechungeni lokudla kanye nokulinganisela kwemvelo kwezindawo zemvelo zasemanziniUkunyamalala kwazo kungabangela imiphumela yokuwa kwezilwane ezingenamgogodla, izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo, futhi ekugcineni, imiphakathi yabantu encike kulezi zindawo zemvelo ukuze ithole amanzi, ukudoba, noma ukuzijabulisa.
Ukwanda okungu-5% kwesilinganiso sezinhlobo ezisengozini kusukela ngo-2011 kusikisela ukuthi Izindlela zokuvikela nokuvuselela ezisetshenzisiwe kuze kube manje azanele ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwezindawo zokuhlala emifuleni nasemachibini kuleli zwekazi.
Izinhlobo ezifudukayo: ezithinteka kakhulu amadamu kanye nama-dikes
Ngaphakathi kwesethi de peces kuhlaziywe, Izinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile ezifudukayo zibonakala zisengozini kakhulu.Ngokusho kokuhlolwa, cishe ama-39% alezi zinhlanzi ayancipha, okuyisibalo esiphakeme kakhulu kunesezinhlobo ezingafuduki, lapho cishe ama-14% azo abonisa ukuthambekela kokubuyela emuva.
Lo mehluko wamaphuzu angaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-20 ubonisa umthelela we izithiyo ezibonakalayo ezinqamula noma eziqhekeza imifula yamanzi, njengamadamu, ama-dike, ama-weirs, kanye nezinye ingqalasizinda yamanzi. Lezi zakhiwo zivimbela noma zivimbela ngokuqondile izinhlanzi ekuqedeni ukufuduka kwazo kwemvelo phakathi kwezindawo zokuzalela, zokukhulisa izingane kanye nezokudla.
I-IUCN ichaza lo mphumela wezithiyo ngokuthi "Kubhubhisa" izinhlobo ezifudukayoEziningi zalezi zinhlobo zidinga ukuhamba amabanga amade phezulu noma phansi komfula ukuze ziqedele umjikelezo wazo wokuphila. Uma zingakwazi ukwenza kanjalo, ukuzala kuyancipha kakhulu futhi inani lazo ekugcineni liyawa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
EYurophu, ukuminyana kwamadamu nezinye izingqalasizinda emifuleni kuphezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinesiko lokukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamanzi noma ukunisela okunamandla. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni Izingxenye eziningi zomfula zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezincaneukunciphisa ukuxhumana kwemvelo kanye nokunciphisa ukuqina kwezindawo zemvelo.
Ochwepheshe baveza ukuthi, ngale kokudiliza amadamu aphelelwe yisikhathi, Kuyadingeka ukuzibophezela ezixazululweni ezithuthukisa ukuqhubeka komfulaLezi zinyathelo zifaka phakathi izindlela zezinhlanzi eziklanywe kahle, ukususwa kwezithiyo ezincane ezingadingekile, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwemifula eshintshiwe. Ngaphandle kwalezi zenzo, ukubuyiselwa kwezinhlobo ezifudukayo kubonakala kungenakwenzeka.
Izindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekile: izinhlelo ze-karst, iziphethu, kanye nemifula egeleza ngezikhathi ezithile
Umbiko we-IUCN ugxile nasezinhlotsheni zezindawo zokuhlala ezisengozini enkulu. Izinhlelo zeKarst zibonakala ziyindawo ebucayi kakhulungezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-90% de peces ezihlala kuzo esimweni esiyingozi. Lezi zinhlelo, ezakhiwe enhlabathini ye-limestone enemihume, imigodi yokucwila, kanye nezindawo zokubukela ezingaphansi komhlaba, ziyindawo yokuxhumana nabantu de peces ikhethekile kakhulu futhi iyazwela kunoma yikuphi ukushintsha kwamanzi.
Nabo, imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nemifula nemifudlana egeleza ngezikhathi ezithile Ziphinde zibhekane nengcindezi enkulu. Indawo ngayinye yokuhlala iyikhaya lazo cishe ama-54% ezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, okubonisa izinga lapho lezi zindawo zibuthakathaka futhi zisengozini kalula ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamanzi, kanye nokungcola.
I-IUCN ixwayisa ngokuthi Eziningi zalezi zindawo zemvelo ezibucayi zitholakala eMedithera YurophuLesi sifunda sibhekene nokucindezeleka kwamanzi okungapheli, isomiso esivame kakhulu nesinamandla, kanye nokwenyuka okuqhubekayo kwamazinga okushisa. Konke lokhu kunciphisa amandla ezindawo zokuhlala zamanzi ahlanzekile okululama.
Eziphethwini nasemifuleni egeleza ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, Noma yikuphi ukwehla okwengeziwe kwamazinga amanzi kungashiya izinhlobo ezikhethekile kakhulu zingenandawo yokuhlala.ezingakwazi ukuthuthela kwezinye izinhlelo zasemanzini. Lokhu kuzibeka esimweni sokuba sengozini enkulu yezigameko zesomiso noma ukungcola kwendawo.
Lezi zindawo, nakuba zivame ukufihlakala futhi zingabonakali kahle emphakathini jikelele, Ziyizindawo zangempela zokuphephela kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayoUkulahlekelwa yizo ngeke kusho nje kuphela ukunyamalala kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane de peceskodwa futhi nezilwane ezingenamgogodla nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezivumelaniswe nezimo ezithile zokugeleza, izinga lokushisa kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi.
Izinsongo eziyinhloko: ukulahlekelwa yindawo yokuhlala, ukungcola, kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
I-IUCN ikhomba isethi yezingcindezi ezisebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa ezinhlanzini zamanzi ahlanzekile zaseYurophu. Phakathi kwazo, ukuguqulwa kwezindawo zokuhlala ngokusebenzisa amadamu, amadamu kanye nezinye izingqalasizinda Kubhekwa njengosongo olusakazeke kakhulu, oluthinta ngqo izinhlobo ezingama-69% ezihlolwe.
Lokhu kuguqulwa okungokwenyama kuhlanganiswa nezinye izici, ezihlangene, Benza kube kubi kakhulu ukwehla kwenani labantu de pecesUkungcola okuvela emadolobheni, kwezolimo, kanye nasezimbonini kuyawohloka ikhwalithi yamanzi, kunciphisa umoya-mpilo otholakalayo futhi kuqongelele izinto ezinobuthi ezintweni eziphilayo zasemanzini.
Enye indlela evulekile izinhlobo zangaphandle ezihlaselayoLezi zinhlobo zincintisana ngokudla nendawo nezinhlanzi zasendaweni noma ziletha izifo lapho izinhlobo zasendaweni zingenazo izivikelo kuzo. Emifuleni eminingi yaseYurophu, ukuba khona kwezinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe sekuyinkinga yesakhiwo kakade.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kusebenza njengesici esengeziwe sokuthi Kushintsha amaphethini okugeleza, izinga lokushisa lamanzi, kanye nokuvama kwezehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu.Iziqephu zemvula enkulu, ezilandelwa yizikhathi zesomiso eside, zishintsha ngokuzumayo izimo zendawo yokuhlala, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezinezidingo ezithile zemvelo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke lezi zingcindezi kusho ukuthi, empeleni, izinhlobo eziningi de peces imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile ibhekene nesimo sengozi esiqhubekayoLena akuyona inkinga eyodwa eyedwa, kodwa iqoqo lezinsongo ezihambisanayo ezenza ukululama kwemvelo kwabantu kube nzima kakhulu.
Isicelo sokwenza okuthile eYurophu
Njengoba kunikezwe lesi simo, i-IUCN ithumela umyalezo ocacile: Ngaphandle kwesinyathelo esiphuthumayo nesihlelekile, iYurophu isengozini yokulahlekelwa yingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlobonhlobo zayo zasemanzini. emashumini ambalwa eminyaka ezayo. Le nhlangano igcizelela ukuthi kubalulekile ukubhekana nezimbangela eziyinhloko zokwehla futhi singagcini ngokungenelela okuzimele.
Phakathi kwezinto eziza kuqala eziqokonyiswe ochwepheshe kukhona ukubuyiselwa kokuxhumana komfulangokususa amadamu angasasetshenziswa kanye nezinye izithiyo ezingadingekile, kanye nokuklama kabusha ingqalasizinda ebalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wayo emizileni yokufuduka kwezinhlanzi.
Kubhekwa futhi njengokuyisisekelo ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamanzi ngokulawula okuqinile kokukhishwa kwamanzi, ukunciphisa ukungcola kwezolimo okusakazekile kanye nokuphathwa kahle kwamanzi angcolile asemadolobheni nasezimbonini, kanye ukukhishwa ukuze kuqiniswe imiphakathiNgaphandle kwentuthuko enkulu kule ndawo, ukuvuselelwa kwezindawo zemvelo zamanzi ahlanzekile kuzohlala kulinganiselwe.
Ukulawula izinhlobo ezihlaselayo, kuhlanganiswe nokuvikela izindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekile ezifana izinhlelo ze-karst, imithombo kanye nemifula egeleza ngezikhathi ezithile yesigodi saseMeditheraLokhu kuvela njengenye indawo ebalulekile okufanele yenziwe. Ukuvikela lezi zindawo kuvame ukuhilela ukubuyekeza ukuhlelwa kwamanzi kanye nokusetshenziswa komhlaba ezitsheni zazo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwesimo sezulu esiguquguqukayo ekuphathweni kwamanzi manje akusagwemeki. Ukuhlela ngezimo zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ezibekwe etafuleni Kuzosenza sikwazi ukulindela izimo zokucindezeleka okukhulu kwamanzi kanye nezinyathelo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezicabangela izidingo zezinto eziphilayo, hhayi nje izidingo zabantu.
Ukuhlolwa okunikezwe yi-European Red List of Freshwater Fish kucacile: ukwahluka de peces Umnotho wezwekazi eYurophu usesikhathini esibucayiNjengoba cishe ingxenye yezinhlobo zezilwane isongelwa noma iseduze nokuba sengozini, izinqumo ezenziwa manje mayelana nokulondolozwa, ukuphathwa kwamanzi, kanye nokubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala zizonquma ukuthi imifula namachibi aseYurophu ayaqhubeka yini nokugcina lo mcebo wezinto eziphilayo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
