Ama-Amphibians yizilwane ezinomgogodla ezibonakala ngokuba ne isikhumba esingenalutho futhi esivuzayo, ngaphandle kwezikali.
Kule ndatshana sizochaza zonke izimfihlo zalezi zilwane, siqale nge ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-amphibians, izinhlobo zama-amphibians akhona, izibonelo ezithile nezinye curiosities engiqinisekile ukuthi kuyoba usizo kakhulu kuwe.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-amphibians
Ukuba oviparous, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-amphibians Kungamaqanda. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilwane ezincelisayo zizalana ngokuvundiswa kwangaphakathi (ngaphakathi kwensikazi) kuyilapho iningi lezilwane ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini, ikakhulukazi. ama-anurans (amaxoxo namaxoxo), uhlobo oluphambili yi ukukhulelwa kwangaphandle.
La Ukuvundiswa kwezilwane ezihlala emanzini ngokuvamile kwenzeka emanzini ahlanzekile, ngoba lolu hlobo lwamanzi luvikela amaqanda ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwawo futhi lunxephezela ntula igobolondo nezinamathiselo ezifana ne-amnion. Ngakho-ke, amaqanda kufanele ahlale ngaphakathi izindawo ezinomswakama okuvimbela ukoma kwawo, okuchaza ukuxhumana okuhlala njalo kweqembu namanzi.
Ukuvundisa, okuba ngaphandle kuma-anurans, kulandela inqubo yesici: owesilisa ubamba owesifazane ngokusebenzisa i-amplexus futhi lapho idedela amaqanda, iduna Achithe isidoda sakhe kubo ukuzivundisa. Amaqanda ahlala emanzini akha amaqoqo noma izintambo, noma enamathele ezitshalweniIzibungu zasemanzini ziphuma kuzo.
Kokubili ezinhlanzi nasezilwaneni eziphila ezweni, lapho kutholakala khona ukukhulelwa kwangaphandle, Amaqanda anesembozo esincanyana, esine-gelatinous ukuvumela ukudlula kwesidoda. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile bahlala emanzini, banamathelana futhi bakha ama-voluminous bunches noma izintambo, kuye ngezinhlobo.
Ama-Amphibians azalwa njengo- izibungu zasemanzini ehamba ngomsila futhi ephefumula gillLapho isibungu, esibizwa ngokuthi i-tadpole, sesikhule ngokwanele, sibhekana nenqubo ukuguqulwa komzimba ejulile. Ngaphandle kwezinye izinhlobo zamaxoxo avela emahlathini ashisayo anakho ukuthuthukiswa okuqondile, lezi zici zezibungu ziyanyamalala futhi zithuthuke amaphaphu nezitho njengoba onoshobishobi bekhula.
Leli klasi lama-amphibians anezilwane ezinomgogodla lakhiwe amaxoxo, amasele, salamanders kanye caeciliansBanamandla okuphila kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamanzi, nakuba bedinga izindawo ezinomswakama, njengoba isikhumba saso sinendima ebalulekile ekuphefumuleni nasekulinganiseni amanzi.
Ukukhulelwa kwangaphandle, ukuvundiswa kwangaphakathi kanye nama-amplexuses
Ku-anurans, umthetho ojwayelekile uwukuthi ukukhulelwa kwangaphandle nge-amplexus, kodwa kuma-urodeles (newts nama-salamanders) kuvamile ukuvundiswa kwangaphakathi ngokusebenzisa i- i-spermatophore ukuthi iduna lifaka bese kuthi insikazi iqoqe ne-cloaca yayo. I-amplexus iphinde ihluke phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo: ingaba i-axillary (owesilisa uyibambe ngemuva kwemilenze yangaphambili), inguinal (ezingeni le-hip) noma i-cephalicLokhu kwehlukahlukana kokuziphatha kuthuthukisa i ukusebenza kahle kokuzala ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Kungani amanzi ebalulekile ukuze azale?
Amaqanda e-Amphibian abanalo igobolondo zingangeni manzi njengezezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni; icala layo gelatinous futhi permeable, ngakho balahlekelwa amanzi kalula. Imvelo yasemanzini noma izindawo ezine umswakama njalo zibalulekile ukuvimbela ukomiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi ahlinzeka i-oxygen encibilikile kanye nama-cushions amazinga okushisa angazelelwe ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-embryonic.
Izinhlobo eziningi ziye zavela amasu okunciphisa izingozi njenge-predation noma i-desiccation: faka phakathi izidleke zegwebu noma amagwebu, amaqanda on amaqabunga alenga eziwela emanzini lapho zichanyuselwa, amagumbi angaphansi kwamanzi ambiwa abazali, noma ukukhetha izindlu ezincane njengama-bromeliad aqoqa amanzi emaqabunga awo.
Ukuhlukahluka kwezindlela zokuzala ezihlala emanzini
Ukuzalaniswa kwezilwane ezihlala emanzini kungokwemvelo ngendlela engavamile zihlukahlukeneUcwaningo lwakamuva luye lwahlongoza izinhlelo zokuhlukanisa ezihlanganisa inqwaba izindlela zokuzala kuya ngezici ezifana nendawo yokubeka (amanzi agelezayo, amachibi, ama-bromeliad, inhlabathi emanzi), ubukhona noma ukungabi khona kwe-metamorphosis ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuchanyuselwa, noma ukuba khona kwezakhiwo ezifana izidleke zegwebu. Sekukonke, angaphezu kwe-100,000 achaziwe. izinhlobo ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa phakathi kwemiyalelo eyahlukene.
Ezinye izibonelo eziyimifanekiso: kumaxoxo athile omndeni I-Pipidae, abesifazane Bathwala amaqanda emhlane kuze kube ukuchanyuselwa; ezihlahleni amaxoxo emahlathini anomswakama, amaqanda abekwe phakathi bromeliads noma izimbotshana ze i-bamboo, lapho izibungu ziqeda ukukhula kwazo; kukhona izinhlobo ezakhayo amakhamera angaphansi kwamanzi ukubeka nokuvikela amaqanda; abanye abakhona ukuthuthukiswa okuqondile (abasha bazalwa njengabantu abadala abancane), kuvamile kwabanye amaxoxo angamaqabungaNgisho nakuma-caecilians, amawodi okubelethisa ayingqayizivele abonwe lapho abasha zidla esikhumbeni kusuka kumama, kucebile ngemisoco.
Lokhu kwehlukahlukana kuhlanganisa upulasitiki ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo ezifanayo: kukhona amaxoxo akwazi ukukhetha phakathi izindawo zokulala ezahlukene (ichibi, inhlabathi emanzi noma ama-bromeliads) kuye ngezimo zendawo. Amasu anjalo andisa amathuba okuphumelela ekubhekaneni nezinguquko zemvelo, kuyilapho ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zincike ngokuqinile kumodi eyodwa.
Ku-urodeles, ngaphezu kwe- ukuvundiswa kwangaphakathiAmanye ama-salamanders agcina amaqanda awo ku-oviduct aze abelethe. baphile abasha ezakheke ngokugcwele, futhi eziningi eziphila emanzini nasezweni ezishisayo ukuzalana kwenzeka emhlabeni nge ukunakekelwa kwabazali isikhathi eside ukuze ugcine umswakama futhi ugweme izilwane ezidla ezinye.
Izilwane zase-Amphibian, ziyini?
NgesiLatin igama elithi amphibian linencazelo eyingqayizivele, ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "izimpilo ezimbili". Futhi ukuthi lokhu kuyinto eyingqayizivele yalezi zilwane, ezikwazi ukuguqula futhi zenze imisebenzi yazo yemvelo ku imvelo emibili ehlukene: umhlaba kanye nezindawo zasemanzini. Kodwa-ke, sizocubungula kancane kancane encazelweni yama-amphibian.
Ama-Amphibian ayingxenye yalowo mndeni omkhulu wezidalwa eziphilayo ezihlukaniswe njenge okunomgogodla (banohlaka lwamathambo lwangaphakathi), amanniotes (umbungu wayo ukhula ngaphandle kwe-amnion noma i-allantois, kanjalo badinga umswakama ngaphandle), tetrapodi (enezitho ezine, i-ambulensi noma ekhohlisayo) kanye sibhabhe (izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo lincike endaweni ezungezile).
Banenkathi ebizwa ukuguqulwa komzimba (uguquko abalutholayo ngesikhathi bekhula futhi oluthinta isimo, imisebenzi kanye nendlela yokuphila). Phakathi kwezinguquko eziphawulekayo yi-passage esuka ama-gills emaphashini, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezitho kanye nokufakwa kabusha komsila kuma-anurans amaningi.
Izinhlobo zama-amphibians
Triton
Ngaphakathi kwalo mndeni omkhulu owakhiwa ama-amphibians, singenza ukuhlukaniswa okuncane ngokususelwa kuma-oda amathathu: ama-anurans, caudates o urodeles y apodal o ukuzivocavoca.
I-Los ama-anurans Bahlanganisa ndawonye zonke lezo zilwane ezihlala emanzini nasezweni esizazi kakhulu ngokuthi amaxoxo namasele. Qaphela: ixoxo nesele akuzona izinhlobo ezifanayo. Zihlanganiswe ndawonye ngenxa yokufana kwazo kwe-morphological nokuziphatha, kodwa ziveza okuhle kakhulu ukwehluka yangaphakathi. Zivamise ukuntula umsila lapho sezikhulile, zinemilenze yangemuva enamandla okugxuma futhi, ngokuvamile, ukukhulelwa kwangaphandle.
I-Los urodeles Ahlukaniswa ngokwethula a umsila omude kanye nesiqu esibude. Amehlo abo awathuthukisiwe ngokweqile futhi angase ambozwe isikhumba esincane. Lapha sithola i- ezintsha, salamanders, i-protea y mermaidsEzimweni eziningi bayabukisa ukuvundiswa kwangaphakathi kanye nokuhamba okususelwe ekuguquguqukeni nasekuhambeni kwe-quadrupedal.
Ekugcineni, kunezinhlobo ze- izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, okuyizinto ezingavamile kakhulu ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo. Zifana ne-a isibungu noma isibungu ngenxa yokuntula izitho zomzimba nokuba nomzimba oyi-cylindrical nobude. Abaningi baphila ukuphila ngaphansi komhlaba futhi babe nezinzwa ezijwayelane nale ndawo.
Izici ze-Amphibian
Njengoba sishilo, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni ziyizilwane ezinomgogodla futhi “zinelungelo” lokuba yizilwane ngowokuqala phakathi kwama-tetrapods ezihlala eMhlabeni, ngozalo olusukela emuva amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka.
Banezitho ezine: ezimbili ngaphambili nezimbili emuva. Lezi zitho zaziwa ngokuthi chiridio, ene-morphology efana nesandla somuntu: iminwe emine ezinyaweni zangaphambili nemihlanu ngemuva, nakuba kunokuhlukahluka kuye ngokuthi iqembu. Izilwane ezihlala emanzini amaningi nazo zine- umsila osebenzayo (ikakhulukazi urodeles).
Ukusukela igazi elibandayo (ectotherms), izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo lincike endaweni ezungezile, njengoba bengakwazi ukuzilawula ukushisaLesi simo siqhuba umsebenzi waso amahora anomswakama noma ebusuku kanye nokuxhumana kwazo okuseduze nemizimba yamanzi.
wakhe oviparous, njengoba bezalwa ngamaqanda. Insikazi inesibopho sokuzalela futhi njalo ikwenza endaweni ehlala emanzini noma enomswakama kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izibonelo ezincane zine ukuphefumula kwegill futhi, endabeni yama- anurans, adlula esigabeni sezibungu zasemanzini.
Isikhumba kuvunyelwe futhi ingawela ngama-molecule namagesi. Izinhlobo eziningi ziyafihla izinto ezinobuthi njengendlela yokuzivikela, futhi isikhumba sihlanganyela ngokuhlanganyela ukuphefumula kwesikhumba kanye nebhalansi yamanzi. Isimilo sayo emanzi futhi engenawo ama-flake ibavumela ukuthi bamunce amanzi nomoya-mpilo, kodwa futhi ibenza babe sengozini ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi lapho umswakama we-ambient uphansi.
Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi lune-a inhliziyo emangelengele yakhiwe ngama-atria amabili kanye ne-ventricle eyodwa, ejikelezayo ivaliwe, kabili futhi ayipheleleLo mklamo uvumela ukuhlukaniswa kwengxenye yegazi eline-oxygen egazini elingenawo umoya-mpilo.
Amehlo ngokuvamile inqwaba futhi iqhuma, enikeza insimu enkulu yokubuka ekahle yokuzingela. Nakuba kungase kungabonakali kanjalo, izilwane eziningi ezihlala emanzini zinamazinyo (ikakhulukazi emincane nasemihlathini), iwusizo ukubamba inyamazane. Yabo ulimi olunamathelayo, ikakhulukazi kuma-anurans, iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuthwebula. Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla luhlanganisa a isisu se-tubular, amathumbu, izinso ezimbili kanye nesinye somchamo.
Isikhumba, ama-chromatophore kanye nobuthi
Isikhumba sezilwane ezihlala emanzini siqukethe ama-mucous kanye nezindlala ze-granular ezikhiqiza izinto ezivikelayo. ama-chromatophores (amaseli e-pigment) akha imibala ye ukufihla noma isixwayiso (aposematism). Izinhlanganisela zesikhumba ezinobuthi zisiza ukuvimbela izidlakela futhi angakwazi vimbela isikhunta namabhaktheriya eyingozi esikhumbeni.
Umehluko phakathi kwama-amphibians kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo
- Amaqanda: ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo zinegobolondo elingangeni manzi; ezilwaneni ezihlala emanzini zithambile futhi gelatinous.
- imidlwane: Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zizalwa ngendlela ye ama-miniatures amadala; izilwane ezihlala emanzini zikhona ukuguqulwa komzimba kusukela izibungu kuya kubantu abadala.
- Umanyolo: izilwane ezihuquzelayo, ngaphakathi; izilwane ezihlala emanzini, ngokuvamile ngaphandle ku anurans kanye ngaphakathi ku-urodeles.
- Isikhumba: izilwane ezihlala emanzini, imanzi futhi iyangena; izilwane ezihuquzelayo, omile futhi angangeni manzi, embozwe ngezikali.
- Ukuphefumula: izilwane ezihuquzelayo, pulmonary; izilwane ezihlala emanzini, i-branchial, yamaphaphu kanye ne-cutaneous ngokwesigaba.
- Umsebenzi: izilwane ezihlala emanzini njalo ebusuku futhi kuncike kumswakama; izilwane ezihuquzelayo eziningi, ngaphezulu isikhathi sasemini.
Izibonelo zama-amphibians
I-Salamander
Empeleni kukhona ibhale kukhathalogi yezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-3.500 zezilwane ezihlala emanziniNokho, ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi inani eliphelele lingase libe khona 6.400 noma ngaphezulu, uma kucatshangelwa incazelo eqhubekayo yezinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane.
Uma ucabanga ngezilwane ezihlala emanzini, uhlobo oluthile luvame ukufika engqondweni. ixoxo noma ixoxo, kodwa futhi siyathola ezintsha y salamanders, kanye nabahlakaniphile ama-caecilians.
Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa zama-amphibians, nakuba, ngokunengqondo, zikhona nokunye okuningi:
Anderson intulo (Ambystoma andersoni)
Lolu hlobo lwesitulo lwaziwa nangokuthi i-Purépecha axolotl noma i-achoque. Iwuhlobo lwezilwane ezihlala njalo, okusho ukuthi lutholakala kuphela endaweni ethile. Kulokhu, ihlala kuphela eLaguna de Zacapu, etholakala esifundeni saseMichoacán (Mexico). Ibonakala ngokuthi a eqinile, umsila omfushane futhi amathumbu angaphandle. Umbala wayo i-orange noma ebomvu, kwengezwe ku amachashazi amnyama emzimbeni, okwenza kube nzima.
I-Marbled Newt (Triturus marmoratus)
Itholakala ikakhulukazi endaweni yaseYurophu, engxenyeni esenyakatho yeSpain nasempumalanga yeFrance. Ine-a umbala oluhlaza okotshani emangalisa kakhulu kanye nomugqa we-dorsal okubomvu egijima ngemuva, isici esiyisici seqembu.
Inzwane ejwayelekile (iBufo bufo)
Ivamile emazweni amaningi aseYurophu nase-Asia. Incamela izindawo zokuhlala nge amanzi amile, izindawo zokunisela, njll. Ukumelana kwayo namanzi impofu ngekhwalithi ithande ukunwetshwa kwayo. Inombala nsundu nesikhumba nge warts nosaziwayo.
Ixoxo leVermilion (Rana temporaria)
Kusabalele kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia. Nakuba ikhetha izindawo okumanzi, ichitha isikhathi sayo esiningi isemhlabeni. Ibonisa ukuhlukahluka kwe- iphethini yombala, ngokuthambekela kumathoni ansundu namabala, kanye a ikhala elikhonjiwe isici kakhulu.
Ezinye izibonelo ezithakazelisayo
- Umbelethisi wombelethisi (Ama-Alyte spp.): owesilisa ethwala ukubeka ithandele imilenze yayo yangemuva ize ikhishwe emanzini lapho imibungu isilungile.
- Ixoxo likaSaint Anthony (hle spp.): i-arboreal, nge ama-adhesive discs eminweni kanye nonqenqema oluphezulu; ejwayelekile amachibi esikhashana.
- I-Axolotl (I-Ambystoma mexicanum): isibonelo se neoteny, igcina izici zezibungu (ama-gill angaphandle) esimweni sabantu abadala.
- I-Proteus (I-Proteus anguinus): i-urodele ehlala emigedeni yaseYurophu, ukuphila ngaphansi komhlaba amehlo asemanzini ngokuphelele nangaphandle.
- cecilias (I-Gymnophiona): izilwane ezihlala emanzini ezingenamilenze izinsalela, ngokuvamile ngokukhiqiza kabusha terrestre kanye nokunakekelwa kwabazali.
I-Metamorphosis kanye nomjikelezo wempilo
La ukuguqulwa komzimba Kuyinqubo eyinhloko yezinto eziphilayo emlandweni wempilo yezilwane ezihlala emanzini. Umjikelezo ojwayelekile uhlanganisa izigaba ezintathu: i-embryonic (iqanda), isibungu (i-tadpole noma i-gill larva), kanye nomuntu omdala. Ubude nezici ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo nezindawo.
- I-egg: Ngemva kokukhulelwa, umbungu ukhula ngaphakathi a isikhwama se-gelatinous ikwazi ukungena, imunca amanzi futhi ivuvuke, ihlanganise amaqanda abe yinqwaba noma izintambo.
- isibungu: idla, ikhule futhi iphefumule gillKu-anurans, ikhula imilenze yangemuva, bese imilenze yangaphambili, inciphisa umsila futhi ihlele kabusha uhlelo lokugaya ukudla ebheke ekudleni okudliwayo.
- Umuntu omdala: phefumula amaphaphu nesikhumba, ihlakazeke, ifune umngane womshado bese iphinda lo mjikelezo. Ku-urodeles, i-metamorphosis ingaba akuphelele noma ngisho engekho (i-neoteny) uma imvelo yasemanzini izinzile futhi ivuma.
Kukhona izinhlobo nge ukuthuthukiswa okuqondile lapho kungekho khona isigaba sezibungu sasemanzini sangaphandle: imibungu ikhula ngokugcwele ngaphakathi kweqanda kanye namaphuphu azalwa. njengabantu abadala abancane, isu elinciphisa ukuncika emanzini avulekile.
Ingoma yezilwane ezihlala emanzini
Ku-anurans, i canto Kuyithuluzi lokuxhumana elibalulekile. Abesilisa bakhipha amazwi ku ukuheha abesifazane, khomba eyakho indawo futhi uqondise ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Uhlobo ngalunye lune- iphethini ye-acoustic okungokwakho okwenza kube lula ukuqashelwa okuthile, futhi kumaxoxo amaningi a isikhwama sezwi isebenza njenge-resonator.
Abesifazane ngokuvamile atholakala umngcele wamachibi ukulalela abesilisa nokukhetha umlingani by the ikhwalithi yokucula (isigqi, ukuqina, imvamisa), isici esixhumene nesimo somzimba kanye nekhono lokuvikela indawo.
Ukondla izilwane ezihlala emanzini
Ama-amphibians amadala atholakala kakhulu imidlwaneBadla inyamazane ephilayo njenge ama-arthropods (izinambuzane, ama-arachnids), Earthworms, iminenke kanye nezilwane ezinomgogodla ezincane uma usayizi uvuma. I ulimi olude nolunamathelayo yamaxoxo amaningi namaxoxo avumela ukuthwebula umbani.
Izibungu zama-amphibian zibonisa ukudla okuhlukahlukene: ezinye zikhona ezidla izitshalo noma ama-detritivores okuphakela isihlungi, kuyilapho abanye benjalo esidla inyamaAkuvamile ukubukela ukudla abantu phakathi konoshobishobi, ikakhulukazi uma kushoda izinsiza noma ukuminyana okuphezulu.
Isimo sokulondoloza kanye nezinsongo
Ama-amphibians angelinye lamaqembu ezisongelwa kakhulu kweplanethi; i usongo lwe-bullfrog iyisibonelo sendlela uhlobo oluthile olungashintsha ngayo i-ecosystem futhi lube nomthelela ekukhiqizeni ezinye izizwe. Ukulahlekelwa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe indawo yokuhlala, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, i ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu futhi i enfermedades eziphuthumayo (okufana ne-chytrid mycoses) kubangele ukwehla kwenani labantu ezifundeni eziningi.
Izindlela zokuzala eziningi zincike ama-microhabitats aqondile kakhulu (amachibi esikhashana, ama-bromeliad, imifudlana enomthunzi). Ukunyamalala kwechibi noma ukwehla komswakama wendawo can phumuza ukudlala labantu bonke. Izinhlobo nge upulasitiki Ekukhiqizeni kwabo bangakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kangcono, bekhetha izindawo zokubeka ezihlukene ngokuvumelana nezimo, kuyilapho ochwepheshe besengozini kakhulu.
Izenzo zokulondoloza zihlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwamaxhaphozi, ukubuyiselwa kwechibi, ukulawulwa kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo, ukuqapha impilo kanye izinhlelo zokuzalanisa kanye nokubuyiselwa kwezinhlobo ezibucayi. Imfundo yezemvelo kanye nesayensi yesakhamuzi nazo okuyisisekelo ukuthola nokunciphisa izinsongo ngesikhathi.
Umsuka kanye nokuvela kwezilwane ezihlala emanzini
Uzalo lwama-amphibian lwavela ku de peces amanzi ahlanzekile anamaphiko lobed, ekwazi ukusekela isisindo sayo futhi iqhubekele kuma-substrates angashoni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zimpawu zavela izitho neminwe, okuvula indlela yokwenza ikoloni yezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba. Phakathi kwama-tetrapods okuqala, amafomu anjengokuthi I-Acanthostega o ichthyostega Abonisa izici eziphakathi phakathi eziphila emanzini nasemhlabeni.
Ukuguquka kusuka emanzini kuya ezweni kuhlobene nokuhlolwa kwe izinsiza ezintsha kanye nokusabela ezimweni eziguquguqukayo zemvelo (isomiso, ukuhlukahluka kwemithombo yamanzi). Isikhumba kanye nokuphefumula kwesikhumba, ukuguqulwa komzimba kanye ne-ectothermic physiology bekuyisihluthulelo ekwandiseni ubukhona bezilwane ezihlala emanzini ingxenye enkulu yeplanethi, ngaphandle kwasezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu noma ezomile.
Ngemuva kokwazi ukuthi zizalana kanjani, yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona nokuthi yiziphi izici zazo ezibaluleke kakhulu, kuyaqondakala ukuthi kungani ama-amphibians eyiqembu elinjalo. ehlukahlukene futhi iyathakazelisa: isixhumanisi sayo esiphindwe kabili namanzi nomhlaba, ukuhlukahluka kwe amasu okuzala, ukushintshashintsha nokuzwela kwesikhumba sabo kubenza babe izinkomba zakuqala zezempilo ye-ecosystem kanye nabadlali ababalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.